INTRODUCTION TO

BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY

By VIKRAM KUMAR GUPTA

Introduction

Person Identification:

_In the early days of civilization, people lived in small communities and everyone knew each other

_With the population growth and increase in mobility, we started relying on documents and secret codes to establish identity

Person identification is now an integral part of the infrastructure needed for diverse business sectors such as banking, border control, and law enforcement

How People are Identified?

People are identified by three basic means:

-something they have (Passport ,Credit card)

-something they know (Password, PIN)

-something they are (Human body)

Some Problems…and a Solution

•Card may be lost, stolen or forgotten

• The traditional approaches are unable to differentiate between an authorized person and an imposter

•Too many passwords to remember

We need

An approach which can uniquely identify an authorized person and is easy to operate

…Biometric

What is Biometric?

“Biometric is the study of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more physiological or behavioral traits.”

Bios=’life’ Metron=’measure’

Requirements for an Ideal Biometric Identifier

•Universality

• Uniqueness

• Permanence

• Collectability

• Acceptability

The Biometric System

* ENROLLMENT-Person’s Identity is entered into the database

The Biometric System

* VERIFICATION: Am I who I claim to be?-One to one comparison-compares a sample against single stored template

The Biometric System

* IDENTIFICATION: Who am I?-One to many comparison-compares a sample against a database of templates

Types of BiometricsDifferent Biometrics

• Physical Biometrics• Iris• Retina• Vein Pattern• Hand Geometry• Face• Fingerprint• Ear shape

• Behavioral Biometrics• Keystroke dynamics• Signature dynamics• Walking Gait• Voice

Types of BiometricsFingerprint Recognition

Types of BiometricsFingerprint Extraction and Matching

commonly used minutiae

Types of Biometrics

The identification of a person by their facial image characteristics

Face Recognition

Matching algorithm uses the location and shape of facial attributes

Iris Recognition

The trabecular meshwork pattern of iris is very distinctive.

Iris code (256 bytes)

Retinal Recognition

Every eye has its own totally unique pattern of blood vessels.

Hand and Finger Geometry

Identification by measuring either physical characteristics of the fingers or the hands

Signature Verification

Identification using the dynamic analysis of a signature to authenticate a person

1. X coordinate

2. Y coordinate

3. Pressure

4. Pen azimuth (0°-359°)

5. Pen altitude (0º-90°)

Other Recognition Methods

Keystroke Dynamics: Measures the typing patterns

Gait Recognition: Measures how someone appears while walking

Ear: based on the shape of the ear

Two Sides of a Coin…

Advantages:•Uniqueness•No need to remember Password or carry Cards•Biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten•More secure than a long password•Not susceptible to traditional dictionary attacks

Disadvantages:•Often requires significant computational Equipment.•It cannot be changed: If once forged

Thank You All