Biometrics Overview

Biometrics

Identification or verification of an individual based on a physical

characteristic or trait.

Biometric ModesBiological Characteristics

FingerprintFacial RecognitionHand GeometryEye (Iris & Retina)Vein Pattern

Behavioral TraitsSignatureVoiceKeystroke Dynamics

Why use Biometrics?Biometrics has No Risk of:

Forgetting itLosing itGetting it stolenGetting it copiedLoaning it outBeing used by anyone else

Biometric Uses Financial Institutes

• ATM, Validation of credit and debit cards Law Enforcement

• Automated Fingerprint Identification System• Surveillance

Physical Access Control

• Buildings, Airports, Hospitals, Schools IT Security

• Network-systems of organizations – Internet/Intranet E-Commerce market : User Authentication Consumer Market

• PC Applications(Mouse, Keyboard, Laptop, etc.)• Time and Attendance Monitoring• Home Appliances (Door locks, Safes, etc.)

Biometric Marketplace

(Per International Biometric Group’s Biometric Market Report 2000-2005)

Market Drivers Real need for increased security

Traditional methods obsolete Increased identity theft and fraud

Advances in biometric technology Reliability and functionality

Price factors Weak capital markets

Competitive environment Consolidation

Industry standardization Current Events/Emotion

FingerprintMeasures ridges and minutiae

(end, fusion, bifurcation of fingerprint data)Used for over 100 yearsHighly accurateSmall devicesLatent printsEnvironmental conditions

Facial RecognitionMeasures the contours and

distances of the Eyes, Nose and Chin.May also use Thermograph matchingEasy to use/Non-cooperativeInfluenced by lighting and facial

anglesSusceptible to spoofing with glasses,

wigs, beards

Hand GeometryMeasures finger length and knuckle

thicknessIntuitive OperationUses few minutiae pointsLarge Devices limit the installation

possibilities.

Eye RecognitionIris:

Measures the shape & color of the IrisMinutiae richInconvenientExpensive

Retina:Blood Vessel Pattern

Highly Accurate Low public acceptance (Intrusive)

Vein RecognitionUses an infrared camera to

measure the veins on the wrist and back of the hand.Currently impossible to copyLarge EquipmentExpensiveUses few minutiae points

Signature RecognitionMeasures the pressure and speed

of stroke dynamicsInexpensiveIntuitive OperationSignatures may change over timeParticipation must be voluntaryLow Accuracy

Voice RecognitionMeasures the vibration of

phoneme, syllable, wordsEasy to useRemote applicationsEasy to impersonateInfluenced by health conditionsSensitive to noise

Mode ComparisonFields Pros Cons

Sample Target Industries

Fingerprint - Inexpensive - Very secure

- Latent prints - Cuts and dirt mar

image

- Law enforcement - Access Control

Face - Easy, fast - Inexpensive

- Spoofing attempts - Affected by lighting

- Surveillance

Palm/Hand Geometry

- Minimal storage requirement

- Intuitive operation

- Slow - Less accurate than

finger scanning

- Manufacturing - Shop floors

Iris Retina

- Extremely difficult to fool

- Requires expensive infrared cameras

- Nuclear facilities - Government

Voice - Inexpensive - Suitable for remote

access

- Slow - Affected by physical

condition / emotional state

- Remote banking - Remote database

access

Signature - Inexpensive - Affected by physical

condition / emotional state

- Industrial/Retail

48.8%

4.3%

2.7%

6.2%

0.4%

15.4%

10.4%

11.9%Finger-scan

Voice-scan

Signature-scan

Iris-scan

Keystroke-scan

Facial-scan

Hand-scan

Middleware

(Does Not Include AFIS Revenues)(Per International Biometric Group’s Biometric Market Report 2000-2005)

2001 Market Shares

Biometric SystemEnrollment

Identity Verification

Template ManagementDistributedCentralized

Live Scan Processing Identity Authentication

Transaction ProcessingApply Policy

Biometric Verification

Identity Claim

Biometric Capture

Feature Extraction

1-to-1 Comparison

Biometric Identification

Biometric Capture

Feature Extraction

1-to-n Comparison

MatchingEvaluation

Reject / Accept Threshold

Error RatioFRR (False

Rejection Ratio)FAR (False

Acceptance Ratio)ERR (Equal Error

Ratio)

ImplementationInteroperabilityBioAPI

ANSI Fast trackCBEFF

Common Biometric Exchange File Format

Used in BioAPIMultimode integration

Template ManagementCentralized

Template securityAdministrationCommunications Infrastructure

DistributedSmartcards2-D BarcodesMemory buttonsCounterfeiting

Enterprise Management

CBEFF DB

Trusted ApplicationsAuthentication

ServersDistributed

Modular ApplicationsINTERNETINTERNET INTRANETINTRANET BizAppsBizApps OthersOthers

WBE ComponentWBE Component

Biometric APIBiometric API

FPFPBSPBSP

FacialFacialBSPBSP

IrisIrisBSPBSP

VoiceVoiceBSPBSP

HandHandBSPBSP

OtherOtherBSPBSP

AUTHAUTHServerServer

OTTOTTServerServer

DBDBServerServer

FPFPMatchingMatching

FacialFacialMatchingMatching

IrisIrisMatchingMatching

VoiceVoiceMatchingMatching

HandHandMatchingMatching

LicenseLicenseServerServer

TemplateTemplateMgmtMgmt

PWDPWDMatchingMatching OthersOthers

BiometricBiometricMatchingMatchingServersServers

BiometricBiometricMatchingMatchingServersServers

Configuration ManagementConfiguration Management

ClientClientSideSide

ServerServerSideSide

Fingerprint in Access Control

Lowest implementation costWidest availabilityMatching technology

CorrelationMinutiae matching

Scanner technologyOpticalSolid-state/CapacitiveUltrasonic

Access Control Applications

SystemController

DIU DIU DIU

LSU LSU LSU

TemplateDatabase

Integration InterfacesLegacy Systems

WeigandOnly “industry standard”

Clock and DataProprietary

Vendor productsRS485TCP/IP

Hydra ImplementationNCU AIU

DoorStrike

RS485

StandardWiring

DoorStrike

DoorStrike

LSU LSU LSU

Graterford PrisonBarcode badge provides Guard PIN.Hydra performs fingerprint

verification.Photo of verified guard displayed

on touchscreen.Operator must visually confirm by

touching photo on screen.

BioACE ArchitectureAthena

NCU

WAN

NCUNCU NCU

Modems

Micro NCU

POTS

POTS ARGO

ARGO

ARGO

IBAS Desktop

DISCUSSION