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Bioproduct Life Cycle Analysis with the
GREETTM Model
Jennifer B. Dunn
Biofuel Life Cycle Analysis Team Lead
Systems Assessment Group
Argonne National Laboratory
Biomass 2014
July 29 and 30, 2014
Selection of bioproducts based on a high-level market
analysis
2
Algae Glycerol
1,3-Propanediol
Propylene glycol
Lipid extraction
and hydrogenation Catalytic hydrogenolysis
Fermentation
Acrylic acid
1,4-Butanediol
Clean sugars
Isobutanol
Polyethylene
3-Hydroxypropionic acid
Succinic acid
SugarsCorn Stover
Dilute acid pretreatment
and enzymatic hydrolysis
Hydrogenation
Dehydration
Aqueous-phase
hydrogenation
Separations
Ethanol
Dehydration to ethylene,
polymerization
Feedstock Platform Chemical Bioproduct
FermentationF
ermen
tation
Fer
men
tati
on
Ferm
entatio
n
Process simulations provided material and energy
flows used in analysis
3
Glycerol
R-101
EDI
Arabinose
CentrifugeNa2HPO4
Cell mass
Sterilization Tank
Fermenting Bacteria
Concentrated
Product Stream
Dilute Product
Stream
OR
D-101
Waste Water
Residual
Glycerol
3-HP
EDI: electrodeionization
4
The GREET (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation) Model at Argonne National Lab
GREET Includes More Than 100 Fuel Production Pathways from Various Energy Feedstocks
The yellow boxes contain the names of the feedstocks and the red boxes contain the names of the fuels that can be produced from each of those feedstocks.
Petroleum Conventional
Oil Sands
Compressed Natural Gas
Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Hydrogen
Methanol
Dimethyl Ether
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel
Natural Gas North American
Shale Gas
Non-North American
Coal
Soybeans
Gasoline
Diesel
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Residual Oil (to electricity)
Jet Fuel
Hydrogen
Methanol
Dimethyl Ether
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel
Biodiesel
Renewable Diesel
Renewable Gasoline
Renewable Jet Fuel
Sugarcane
Corn
Cellulosic Biomass Switchgrass
Fast Growing Trees
Crop Residues
Forest Residues
Coke Oven Gas
Petroleum Coke
Nuclear Energy
Residual Oil
Coal
Natural Gas
Biomass
Other Renewables
(hydro, wind, solar,
geothermal)
Ethanol
Butanol
Ethanol
Ethanol
Hydrogen
Methanol
Dimethyl Ether
Renewable gasoline,
diesel, jet fuel, marine fuel
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel
Electricity
Hydrogen
Compressed Natural Gas
Liquefied Natural Gas
Hydrogen
Methanol
Dimethyl Ether
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel
Renewable
Natural Gas Landfill Gas
Biogas from anaerobic
digestion
5
Algae
Biodiesel
Renewable Diesel
Renewable Gasoline
Renewable Jet
Carbon Accounting in the Bioproduct System Boundary
6
Feedstock
Production
Feedstock
Transportation
Feedstock
Conversion
Transportation
and
Distribution
Use
Carbon uptake
during biomass
growth
Carbon emissions from
feedstock processing
(e.g., fermentation)
Carbon uptake during
feedstock processing
Degradation in
Landfill
Recycle
Combustion
Energy and
materials input
Carbon
emissions
Carbon
emissions
Displaced
heat and
electricity
Carbon-
containing ash
Loss
Cradle-to-Gate
End-of-Life Options
Bioproducts uniformly showed reductions
compared to their fossil-derived counterparts
7 Preliminary Results
Process natural gas and feedstock consumption
drive GHG emissions
8 Preliminary Results
PE: polyethylene; ADP: adipic acid
9
Bioproduct Feedstock GHG Emissions: Cradle-to-Grave
References kgCO2e/kg % Reduction
Propylene
Glycol
Soybean
& Canola 3.2 61% ADM
Glycerol 1.1 66% GREET
1,3-PDO
Corn 2.7-3.5 46-71% Urban (2009)
Corn 1.2-2.9 37-55% Hermann (2007)
Sugar Cane -1.8 62-115% Hermann (2007)
Glycerol 2.7 66% GREET
3-HP 5.3 39% GREET
Acrylic
Acid
Corn starch 2 43% Hermann (2007)
Corn stover 1.2 66% Hermann (2007)
Sugar cane 0.7 80% Hermann (2007)
3-HP 8.7 53% GREET
Succinic
Acid
Corn
starch
0.88 90% Cok (2014)
1.7 81% Cok (2014)
1.5 83% Cok (2014)
Clean Sugars 1.9 86% GREET
Preliminary Results
Conclusions and Outcomes
Bioproducts from corn stover and algae feedstocks have the potential for life-cycle GHG emissions that are below peer fossil-derived compounds.
Heat integration and yield increase opportunities will improve bioproduct life-cycle GHG emissions.
The GREET bioproducts module, to be released Fall 2014, will allow the community to explore these results and generate results for bioproduct pathways of interest.
A technical report will document data sources and methodology used to build the GREET model.
Bioproducts module is subject to updates as additional information becomes available. It will be expanded to include additional products.
10
Acknowledgements
Felix Adom - ANL
Jeongwoo Han - ANL
Norm Sather – ANL
John Molburg - ANL
Seth Snyder - ANL
Michael Wang - ANL
Fengqi You - Northwestern
Chang He - Northwestern
Jian Gong - Northwestern
Dajun Yue - Northwestern
11
Travis Tempel - BETO
Alicia Lindauer - BETO
Kristen Johnson - BETO
This work was supported by the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the United States Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Contact information: [email protected]