BIOTIC RESOURCES

All these natural objects which can regenerate and reproduce are known as Biotic resources.

FORESTS

A duster of trees is known as forests. Fouls are the natural resource of every country and these effect the economic development of a country.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORESTS.

1. Rainfall 2.Temp.

3. Wild 4.Sunlight 5. Scope 6.Soils

TYPE OF FORESTS

Forests are generally classified into 3 main types. 1. The Topical Rain Forests a) Equatorial Rain Forests b) Monsoonal Forests. 2. The temperate deciduas forests. 3. The Coniferous Forests

1. The tropical Rain Forests. These are found on both sides of

equator b/w 50N Latitude & 50 South Latitude. These are found in basics of Amazon river in S. America, Congo basin of Africa, Malaysia, Indonesia, Rainfall is high and hence forests are evergreen.

Tropical Rain forests can be divided into 2 types :-

1. Equatorial Forests – These remain green for the entire year. Their wood cannot be used as timber. Types of trees found are Ebony, Rosewood, Ivory wood or –

2. Monsoonal Forest – These are found in countries of S-E Asia. These are less devise. The wood of these forests is hard. Main types of trees are saal, Bamboo, Teak, Sandalwood.

2. The Temperate forests.

These are found in those area where the rainfall and temperate is average. •The trees of these forests shed their leave in winter. •Main trees are Oak, Beech, Popular & Chest Nut.

3. Coniferous Forests

•These are found in Himalayas and Alps. •The trees are mainly long, straight & evergreen. •The wood of these forest soft & light in weight.

WILD LIFE

Wild life depends upon the climate and other natural diversities of a particular area Wild life can be classified into ten types on the basis of natural environment :-

Wildlife of Grasslands :- it includes natural regions like Savanna, Prairie and Steppe. Wild Bison, Kangaroos, Zebras, African elephant, buffalo, giraffe, antelopes and many birds are found.

Wildlife of Arid Lands – Hot and cold dissect areas are called arid lands. Lions, Lynx, Springbok. Porcupines and few birds are found.

Wildlife of Polar regions - These include regions of Antarctica and Arctic. The animals found in these regions range b/w microscopic krill to the biggest blue whales, penguins, walrus and polar bear etc. are found.

Wildlife of Boreal Forest – Boreal forest sustain many birds and animals. Wild life thriving in these forests include red squirrel, Mule deer, Red deer, Beaver, Moose and Canadian lynx.

Wildlife of mountains :- Wildlife of mountains include Gorilla, Lion, Eagle, leopard, pandas and yak.

The Wildlife of Islands :- All the islands of the world are replete with wildlife and plaints. All the rare species of the world can be traced in these islands e.g. Lemurs, ten tree, tortoise, dodo, red frog, sea lion, penguin, Iguana etc.

Wildlife of Oceans – It includes species of whales, dolphins, fish and marine birds.

Wildlife of Fresh Water – Wildlife of fresh water ranges between micro-plants, all types of birds, animals and amphibians. These include flamingo, pelican, kingfisher, hippopotamus, brown bear, water buffalo etc.

Wildlife of Tropical Forests - High temp. and rainfall contribute a lot in their development, Lions, Apes, Wolf, Gorilla, Peacock, Rhinoceros, frogs, Lizards etc. live in tropical forests.

Wildlife of Temperate Forests. – Red

deer, fox, eagle, wood pecker, stag and bear are found in temperate forests.

LIVE STOCK Live-Stock plays an important role in the life of man.

DAIRY FARMING Bringing up of cattle for milk and milk products is called dairy farming. Cow is the most important amongst all about 90% of the total milk production in the world is obtained from cow.

GEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR DAIRY FARMING 1. Climate 2. Evergreen Grassland 3. Water 4. Nearness to Market 5. Developed Means of transportation. 6. Scientific Development 7. Medical Facilities 8. Skilled Labour 9. Capital

Principal areas of Dairy Farming in the World.

1.United States of America- Dairy region of U.S.A. is situated in N.E. of the country. It includes Wisconsin, Illinois, N. York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Indiana and New Jersey.

2.India – Most of the milk animals are found in the Northern part of India specially in Punjab, Haryana and W.U.P.

3. Russian Federation –

Dairy Farming is divided into the following regions –

a) Baltic Region b) Maslow Region c) Volga Region d) North Caucasus Region e) Steppe Region.

4.Germany – Dairy farming is found in Holstein , lower Saxony, N. Rhine Region.

5.France – Dairy farming is found in Northern & Southern areas of the country. The Northern region is famous for butter while Southern for cheese.

6.Brazil – Milch animals are brought up in the plateau of minas Gereas The Coastal climate is also suitable for milk animals.

7.G. Britain- The main dairy farming centers are situated at Cornwall, Devon , Somerset and oxford.

8.N. Zealand – the climate of the country is suitable for dairy farming : its dairy farming industry is located in the coastal areas of Northern Islands.

9.Netherlands – Milk animals are brought up in the whole of the country but New Jersey region is ahead of all.

10.Argentina – their Country has more importance for meat cattle than milk cattle. Milk animals are brought up in Pampas grasslands.

11.Denmark –

It is famous for the production of butter. About 80% of the milk produced is converted to butter.

Wool Wool is an important raw material for the manufacture of woolen textiles. It is generally of two types:- •Natural Wool •Synthetic Wool Sources of wool are sheep, goat and yak.

Races of Sheep 1.Marino sheep – Mediterranean region 2.English sheep – England and New Zealand 3.Hybrid sheep – Australia & New Zealand

Geographical conditions required for sheep rearing

1.Cool & dry climate 2.Rugged topography 3.Availability of market

Principal wool producing areas of the world. 1.China : The main sheep rearing regions are sikiang, Manchuria, shantung, Human, Sanshi, Shenshi. 2.Australia: Sheep are reared in areas of Queensland, New South Wales and Eastern Highlands.

3.India : H.P., J&K, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are the important states for sheep rearing. 4.Iran: The mains sheep rearing zone of Iran is situated in Khorasan, Karmanshati and Mazarderan. 5.Sudan:- Sheep is reared in the north and Central regions. White and Blue Nile region is also famous for sheep rearing.

6.New Zealand: Sheep are reared in the mountainous regions situated along the plains of Canterbury and eastern slopes of Alps mountains. 7.United Kingdom: Sheep rearing is found in Pannier region and areas of eastern England and Scottish Highlands. 8.South Africa: It is carried out at Great Karoo, Orange state and Transvaal region.

9.Spain:- Sheep are mostly reared in Central Plateaus and mountainous slopes.

10.Argentina: Patagonian Plateau and pampas are important for sheep rearing.

AGRICULTURAL CROPS Agriculture includes production of crops, animal husbandry, poultry farming, bee keeping and pisciculture.

Geographical conditions influencing agriculture 1. Climate (a) Temperature (b) Rainfall (c) Wind 2. Topography 3. Soils

Cereal Crops

Wheat Areas famous for wheat production are:-

1.China – Wheat is the principal crop of N. China. Hawang Ho and Wei Ho Valleys are famous for wheat production. 2.India – Punjab, Haryana, U.P. & Bihar are famous for wheat cultivation. It is also grown in J&K, Uttranchal & H.P. 3.Russian Federation – Volga, Trans-Ural and Kazakh regions are famous for wheat production.

4.USA – West Minnesota, North and South Dabota, Kansas, Texas, Colorado, Ohio, Illinios, Indiana and Maryland are famous for wheat cultivation. 5.France – About 50 % of the wheat comes from Paris basin of France. 6.Ukraine – North Caucasus region is well known for wheat cultivation.

7.Australia – Marry-Darling region including New South Wales, Victoria and S.W. Australia are famous for wheat cultivation. 8.Canada – Alberta, Ontario and Quebec are important for wheat cultivation. 9.Argentina – Wheat is cultivated in the Pampas region of Argentina. 10.U.K. – Wheat is mainly cultivated in England and Scotland.

RICE 1.China – Szechwan, Kiangsu, Hunan and Yunan are leading rice producing areas of China. 2.India – West Bengal, Assam, M.P., Chhattisgarh, Bihar, U.P., Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu are rice producing states. 3.Indonesia – N. Coastal plains of Java, N.E. & N.W. Coastal areas of Sumatra, W. Coasts of Borneo are important rice producing regions of Indonesia.

4.Bangladesh – Cultivation of rice is mainly done along the Ganga & Brahmaputra rivers.

5.Vietnam – Rice is cultivated in the delta areas of Red River,

torankin and Mekong Delta. 6.Thailand – Flood plains of Menem river and its deltaic regions is famous for rice cultivation.

7.Mynamar – Middle Irrawadi valley, Lower valley of Salwin river, river valley of sitang river and Akyab region are famous. 8.Japan – Honshu island is the leading region of rice cultivation. Shikoku and Kyshu are also important for rice cultivation. 9.Brazil – Rice cultivation is limited in the Amazon valley. 10.U.S.A. – Arkansas, California are important for rice cultivation.

MAIZE 1.U.S.A. – W. Virginia, New York, N. Dacota, Michigan, Arizona, Pennsylvania and Hinconsin are important for maize cultivation. 2.China – Delta for Hawang Ho river, Hopei and Shanshi are the chief corn producing areas. 3.Brazil – Sao Paulo, Rio Grande and Santa Catherins are the important areas.

4.Mexico – Mexican plateau which include Jelisco, Gurkan Zuite and Mexico.

5.Franc e- In France maize is cultivated in the S.W. areas of

the country. 6.Argentina – It includes the Pampas region, Buenos Aires and eastern part of Corodonia.