89
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON “WORKERS PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT” AT SHAKTINAGAR(SSTPP) ( A UNIT OF GOVT. OF INDIA) Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award of the two year post graduate degree in Personnel management & industrial relation 2010 -2012 Submitted To:- Presented By:- NAVNEETA SHOME Bipin Kumar HR Department MPMIR (2010-12) NTPC Ltd. B. H. U Shaktinagar, Sonebhadra Varanasi-221005 1

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Page 1: Bipin Project

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

ON

ldquoWORKERS PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENTrdquo

AT

SHAKTINAGAR(SSTPP)

( A UNIT OF GOVT OF INDIA)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award of the two year post graduate degree in

Personnel management amp industrial relation

2010 -2012

Submitted To- Presented By-

NAVNEETA SHOME Bipin Kumar

HR Department MPMIR (2010-12)

NTPC Ltd B H U

Shaktinagar Sonebhadra Varanasi-221005

1

Acknowledgement

In an organization be one man working in isolation can achieve it an industry a school or society no outcomes Itrsquos always a group working and achieving the outcome in totality It is the outcome of all the guidance and support that we received from this organization

We would like to special thank Mr SS DasAGM (Training) for having arrangement of our training in this organization

In my prior list I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to the authorities of ldquoNTPC LIMITEDrdquoamp Mrs Navneeta Shome under whose guidance amp supervision the present study has been carried out

I am very grateful to Mrs Navneeta Shome who always spread their valuable time to steer me through this project work with smiling face amp I am also thankful to all the staff members of HR department

The list also contains my colleagues and friends for helping me in preparation of rough sketches for the project and inspired me throughout

Lastly I owe a considerable debt to all the members of NTPC PARIWAR specially the HR ndashEmployee Relation Department who spared their precious time by answering the Questions and Queries and thus helping me in my cause

Bipin Kumar MPMIR(BHU)

Certificate

2

DATE 15 052011

PLACE Singrauli

This is to certify that MrBipin Kumar student of MPMIR Department of PSychology BHU Varanasi has done his eight week summer training project from 15052011 to 15072011 in concept HR at HIndalco industries ltd on the topic ldquoworkers participation in management rdquo for partial fulfilment of MPMIR degree from BHUVaranasi

His work and conduct during the training was excellent

We wish him all success in future

Guided By -

Mrs Navneeta shome

HR Department

Ntpc ltd

Shaktinagar soneb

ABOUT NTPC

NTPC ndash AN OVERVIEW

The year 1975 witnessed the birth of organisation that went on to achieve great feats

3

in performance in a sector that was until then characterized largely by lack of investment serve supply shortages and operational practices that made the commercial viability of the sector unsustainable On November 7 1975 NTPC came into being and with it came a bold way of looking at the power infrastructure that could support the economy then reeling under the oil crises Since then NTPC has led the power sector with the creation of an immensely efficient and reliable power generation infrastructure which was till then largely in the hands of State Electricity Boards

NTPC true to the expectation played a key role in the development of the sector and has emerged as the largest power utility lighting every fourth bulb in the country Powering the growth of the country was the prime motto and the vision had been to make available power in plenty

NTPC today has emerged as an lsquoIntegrated Power Majorrsquo with a significant presence in the entire value chain of power generation business In Forbes list of ldquoWorldrsquos 2000 largest companies 2007rdquo NTPC occupies 411th place With a current generation capacity of 30144 MW NTPC has embarked on

4

plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business

NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts

National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the

5

nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity

Installed Capacity

NTPC

Owned

NO of

Plant

MW

Generatio

n

Coal 15 23895

GasLiquid

Fuel

07 3955

Total 22 27850

Owned by

JVs

Coal amp Gas 04 2044

Total 26 29894

Coal Based Power Stations

With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009

6

Sl

No

Coal

Based

(Owned

by NTPC)

State Commission

ed

Capicity(MW

)

1 Singrauli Uttar

Pradesh

2000

2 Korba Chhattisga

rh

2100

3 Ramagunda

m

Andhra

Pradesh

2600

4 Farakka West

Bengal

1600

5 Vindhyachal Madhya

Pradesh

3260

6 Rihand Uttar

Pradesh

2000

7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340

8 NTCPP UP 840

9 Talchar

Kaniha

Orissa 3000

7

10 Unchahar Uttar

Pradesh

1050

11 Talcher

Thermal

Orissa 460

12 Simhadri Andra

Pradesh

1000

13 Tanda Uttar

Pradesh

440

14 Badarpur Delhi 705

15 Sipat Chhattisga

rh

1000

TOTA

L

23895

8

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 2: Bipin Project

Acknowledgement

In an organization be one man working in isolation can achieve it an industry a school or society no outcomes Itrsquos always a group working and achieving the outcome in totality It is the outcome of all the guidance and support that we received from this organization

We would like to special thank Mr SS DasAGM (Training) for having arrangement of our training in this organization

In my prior list I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to the authorities of ldquoNTPC LIMITEDrdquoamp Mrs Navneeta Shome under whose guidance amp supervision the present study has been carried out

I am very grateful to Mrs Navneeta Shome who always spread their valuable time to steer me through this project work with smiling face amp I am also thankful to all the staff members of HR department

The list also contains my colleagues and friends for helping me in preparation of rough sketches for the project and inspired me throughout

Lastly I owe a considerable debt to all the members of NTPC PARIWAR specially the HR ndashEmployee Relation Department who spared their precious time by answering the Questions and Queries and thus helping me in my cause

Bipin Kumar MPMIR(BHU)

Certificate

2

DATE 15 052011

PLACE Singrauli

This is to certify that MrBipin Kumar student of MPMIR Department of PSychology BHU Varanasi has done his eight week summer training project from 15052011 to 15072011 in concept HR at HIndalco industries ltd on the topic ldquoworkers participation in management rdquo for partial fulfilment of MPMIR degree from BHUVaranasi

His work and conduct during the training was excellent

We wish him all success in future

Guided By -

Mrs Navneeta shome

HR Department

Ntpc ltd

Shaktinagar soneb

ABOUT NTPC

NTPC ndash AN OVERVIEW

The year 1975 witnessed the birth of organisation that went on to achieve great feats

3

in performance in a sector that was until then characterized largely by lack of investment serve supply shortages and operational practices that made the commercial viability of the sector unsustainable On November 7 1975 NTPC came into being and with it came a bold way of looking at the power infrastructure that could support the economy then reeling under the oil crises Since then NTPC has led the power sector with the creation of an immensely efficient and reliable power generation infrastructure which was till then largely in the hands of State Electricity Boards

NTPC true to the expectation played a key role in the development of the sector and has emerged as the largest power utility lighting every fourth bulb in the country Powering the growth of the country was the prime motto and the vision had been to make available power in plenty

NTPC today has emerged as an lsquoIntegrated Power Majorrsquo with a significant presence in the entire value chain of power generation business In Forbes list of ldquoWorldrsquos 2000 largest companies 2007rdquo NTPC occupies 411th place With a current generation capacity of 30144 MW NTPC has embarked on

4

plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business

NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts

National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the

5

nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity

Installed Capacity

NTPC

Owned

NO of

Plant

MW

Generatio

n

Coal 15 23895

GasLiquid

Fuel

07 3955

Total 22 27850

Owned by

JVs

Coal amp Gas 04 2044

Total 26 29894

Coal Based Power Stations

With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009

6

Sl

No

Coal

Based

(Owned

by NTPC)

State Commission

ed

Capicity(MW

)

1 Singrauli Uttar

Pradesh

2000

2 Korba Chhattisga

rh

2100

3 Ramagunda

m

Andhra

Pradesh

2600

4 Farakka West

Bengal

1600

5 Vindhyachal Madhya

Pradesh

3260

6 Rihand Uttar

Pradesh

2000

7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340

8 NTCPP UP 840

9 Talchar

Kaniha

Orissa 3000

7

10 Unchahar Uttar

Pradesh

1050

11 Talcher

Thermal

Orissa 460

12 Simhadri Andra

Pradesh

1000

13 Tanda Uttar

Pradesh

440

14 Badarpur Delhi 705

15 Sipat Chhattisga

rh

1000

TOTA

L

23895

8

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 3: Bipin Project

DATE 15 052011

PLACE Singrauli

This is to certify that MrBipin Kumar student of MPMIR Department of PSychology BHU Varanasi has done his eight week summer training project from 15052011 to 15072011 in concept HR at HIndalco industries ltd on the topic ldquoworkers participation in management rdquo for partial fulfilment of MPMIR degree from BHUVaranasi

His work and conduct during the training was excellent

We wish him all success in future

Guided By -

Mrs Navneeta shome

HR Department

Ntpc ltd

Shaktinagar soneb

ABOUT NTPC

NTPC ndash AN OVERVIEW

The year 1975 witnessed the birth of organisation that went on to achieve great feats

3

in performance in a sector that was until then characterized largely by lack of investment serve supply shortages and operational practices that made the commercial viability of the sector unsustainable On November 7 1975 NTPC came into being and with it came a bold way of looking at the power infrastructure that could support the economy then reeling under the oil crises Since then NTPC has led the power sector with the creation of an immensely efficient and reliable power generation infrastructure which was till then largely in the hands of State Electricity Boards

NTPC true to the expectation played a key role in the development of the sector and has emerged as the largest power utility lighting every fourth bulb in the country Powering the growth of the country was the prime motto and the vision had been to make available power in plenty

NTPC today has emerged as an lsquoIntegrated Power Majorrsquo with a significant presence in the entire value chain of power generation business In Forbes list of ldquoWorldrsquos 2000 largest companies 2007rdquo NTPC occupies 411th place With a current generation capacity of 30144 MW NTPC has embarked on

4

plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business

NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts

National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the

5

nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity

Installed Capacity

NTPC

Owned

NO of

Plant

MW

Generatio

n

Coal 15 23895

GasLiquid

Fuel

07 3955

Total 22 27850

Owned by

JVs

Coal amp Gas 04 2044

Total 26 29894

Coal Based Power Stations

With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009

6

Sl

No

Coal

Based

(Owned

by NTPC)

State Commission

ed

Capicity(MW

)

1 Singrauli Uttar

Pradesh

2000

2 Korba Chhattisga

rh

2100

3 Ramagunda

m

Andhra

Pradesh

2600

4 Farakka West

Bengal

1600

5 Vindhyachal Madhya

Pradesh

3260

6 Rihand Uttar

Pradesh

2000

7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340

8 NTCPP UP 840

9 Talchar

Kaniha

Orissa 3000

7

10 Unchahar Uttar

Pradesh

1050

11 Talcher

Thermal

Orissa 460

12 Simhadri Andra

Pradesh

1000

13 Tanda Uttar

Pradesh

440

14 Badarpur Delhi 705

15 Sipat Chhattisga

rh

1000

TOTA

L

23895

8

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 4: Bipin Project

in performance in a sector that was until then characterized largely by lack of investment serve supply shortages and operational practices that made the commercial viability of the sector unsustainable On November 7 1975 NTPC came into being and with it came a bold way of looking at the power infrastructure that could support the economy then reeling under the oil crises Since then NTPC has led the power sector with the creation of an immensely efficient and reliable power generation infrastructure which was till then largely in the hands of State Electricity Boards

NTPC true to the expectation played a key role in the development of the sector and has emerged as the largest power utility lighting every fourth bulb in the country Powering the growth of the country was the prime motto and the vision had been to make available power in plenty

NTPC today has emerged as an lsquoIntegrated Power Majorrsquo with a significant presence in the entire value chain of power generation business In Forbes list of ldquoWorldrsquos 2000 largest companies 2007rdquo NTPC occupies 411th place With a current generation capacity of 30144 MW NTPC has embarked on

4

plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business

NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts

National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the

5

nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity

Installed Capacity

NTPC

Owned

NO of

Plant

MW

Generatio

n

Coal 15 23895

GasLiquid

Fuel

07 3955

Total 22 27850

Owned by

JVs

Coal amp Gas 04 2044

Total 26 29894

Coal Based Power Stations

With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009

6

Sl

No

Coal

Based

(Owned

by NTPC)

State Commission

ed

Capicity(MW

)

1 Singrauli Uttar

Pradesh

2000

2 Korba Chhattisga

rh

2100

3 Ramagunda

m

Andhra

Pradesh

2600

4 Farakka West

Bengal

1600

5 Vindhyachal Madhya

Pradesh

3260

6 Rihand Uttar

Pradesh

2000

7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340

8 NTCPP UP 840

9 Talchar

Kaniha

Orissa 3000

7

10 Unchahar Uttar

Pradesh

1050

11 Talcher

Thermal

Orissa 460

12 Simhadri Andra

Pradesh

1000

13 Tanda Uttar

Pradesh

440

14 Badarpur Delhi 705

15 Sipat Chhattisga

rh

1000

TOTA

L

23895

8

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 5: Bipin Project

plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business

NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts

National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the

5

nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity

Installed Capacity

NTPC

Owned

NO of

Plant

MW

Generatio

n

Coal 15 23895

GasLiquid

Fuel

07 3955

Total 22 27850

Owned by

JVs

Coal amp Gas 04 2044

Total 26 29894

Coal Based Power Stations

With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009

6

Sl

No

Coal

Based

(Owned

by NTPC)

State Commission

ed

Capicity(MW

)

1 Singrauli Uttar

Pradesh

2000

2 Korba Chhattisga

rh

2100

3 Ramagunda

m

Andhra

Pradesh

2600

4 Farakka West

Bengal

1600

5 Vindhyachal Madhya

Pradesh

3260

6 Rihand Uttar

Pradesh

2000

7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340

8 NTCPP UP 840

9 Talchar

Kaniha

Orissa 3000

7

10 Unchahar Uttar

Pradesh

1050

11 Talcher

Thermal

Orissa 460

12 Simhadri Andra

Pradesh

1000

13 Tanda Uttar

Pradesh

440

14 Badarpur Delhi 705

15 Sipat Chhattisga

rh

1000

TOTA

L

23895

8

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 6: Bipin Project

nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity

Installed Capacity

NTPC

Owned

NO of

Plant

MW

Generatio

n

Coal 15 23895

GasLiquid

Fuel

07 3955

Total 22 27850

Owned by

JVs

Coal amp Gas 04 2044

Total 26 29894

Coal Based Power Stations

With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009

6

Sl

No

Coal

Based

(Owned

by NTPC)

State Commission

ed

Capicity(MW

)

1 Singrauli Uttar

Pradesh

2000

2 Korba Chhattisga

rh

2100

3 Ramagunda

m

Andhra

Pradesh

2600

4 Farakka West

Bengal

1600

5 Vindhyachal Madhya

Pradesh

3260

6 Rihand Uttar

Pradesh

2000

7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340

8 NTCPP UP 840

9 Talchar

Kaniha

Orissa 3000

7

10 Unchahar Uttar

Pradesh

1050

11 Talcher

Thermal

Orissa 460

12 Simhadri Andra

Pradesh

1000

13 Tanda Uttar

Pradesh

440

14 Badarpur Delhi 705

15 Sipat Chhattisga

rh

1000

TOTA

L

23895

8

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 7: Bipin Project

Sl

No

Coal

Based

(Owned

by NTPC)

State Commission

ed

Capicity(MW

)

1 Singrauli Uttar

Pradesh

2000

2 Korba Chhattisga

rh

2100

3 Ramagunda

m

Andhra

Pradesh

2600

4 Farakka West

Bengal

1600

5 Vindhyachal Madhya

Pradesh

3260

6 Rihand Uttar

Pradesh

2000

7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340

8 NTCPP UP 840

9 Talchar

Kaniha

Orissa 3000

7

10 Unchahar Uttar

Pradesh

1050

11 Talcher

Thermal

Orissa 460

12 Simhadri Andra

Pradesh

1000

13 Tanda Uttar

Pradesh

440

14 Badarpur Delhi 705

15 Sipat Chhattisga

rh

1000

TOTA

L

23895

8

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 8: Bipin Project

10 Unchahar Uttar

Pradesh

1050

11 Talcher

Thermal

Orissa 460

12 Simhadri Andra

Pradesh

1000

13 Tanda Uttar

Pradesh

440

14 Badarpur Delhi 705

15 Sipat Chhattisga

rh

1000

TOTA

L

23895

8

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 9: Bipin Project

EVOLUTION OF NTPC

9

1975

1997

2004

2005

2007

NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership

by govt of India

Navratna status

enhancing the powers t the board of

directors

Rechristened as NTPC

Limited in line to

become intehrated

power utility

A listed company with

govt ownership of

895 3rd largest market

capitlization

1st step towards strategic

diversification largest power

utility in India

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 10: Bipin Project

NTPC VISION

rdquoA World Class Integrated

power major powering Indiarsquos

growth

with increasing global

presencerdquo

NTPC MISSION

ldquo Develop and provide

Reliable power related

Products and services at

Competitive prices

Integrating multiple energy

Sources with innovative

And eco-friendly

Technologies andContribute to society

10

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 11: Bipin Project

NTPC CORE VALUES

BUSINESS ETHICS

CUSTOMER FOCUS

ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL

PRIDE

MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST

INNOVATION AND SPEED

TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE

INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)

11

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 12: Bipin Project

NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal

NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers

The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night

Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th

February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature

12

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 13: Bipin Project

Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us

As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed

SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE

Installed Capacity 2000 MW

Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW

Stage-II 2 x 500 MW

Location Shaktinagar

sonebhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Pin- 231222

13

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

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Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 14: Bipin Project

NTPC

Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines

Water Sources Rihand Reservoir

Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan

Uttarakhand Haryana

JammuampKashmir Delhi

Punjab Chandighar and

Himanchal Pradesh

14

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 15: Bipin Project

Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February

2005 observed

ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times

It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo

My best wishes for the future growth of this

magnificent national enterpriserdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE VISION

15

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 16: Bipin Project

ldquoA world class integrated

power major powering

Indiarsquos growth with

Increasing global presencerdquo

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS

ED EB ER ES EDC

Rajbhasha

Group

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )

This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion

appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains

the Management Information System for the organization

16

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 17: Bipin Project

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)

The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and

benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances

which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement

Scheme is also dealt by EBG

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)

The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract

Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar

EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)

The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law

related matters

EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)

The EDC conducts various workshops and Training

Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts

IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing

higher education with jobs

RAJBHSHA GROUP

As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep

a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has

17

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 18: Bipin Project

Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation

conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities

Workersrsquo Participation in Management

Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management

Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions

According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo

To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo

According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and

18

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 19: Bipin Project

accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo

Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo

Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo

In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity

Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following

19

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 20: Bipin Project

It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation

The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level

The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions

The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives

The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo

Objectives

The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives

Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation

Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it

The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity

The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy

20

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 21: Bipin Project

Levels of Participation

Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation

1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance

2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature

3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees

4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation

5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation

Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management

The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows

1 Joint Consultation Model

2 Joint Decision Model

3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme

4 Workers Representation on Board

21

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 22: Bipin Project

1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland

2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany

3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo

4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process

The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another

Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India

Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced

Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not

22

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 23: Bipin Project

make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc

Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act

Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are

Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management

The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings

The success these schemes require certain conditions

Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith

Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes

Workers have to be educated

Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management

Review Questions

1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives

23

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 24: Bipin Project

2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management

3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context

PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same

Various Participative Foras are

1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human

Resource Financeetc)

2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development

Committee(TADC)

In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed

24

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 25: Bipin Project

INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer

attempt to provide for workers participation in management in

industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of

scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant

policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of

present chapter

The extension of organizational responsibility to who man

instrumentally which served the industrial organization as

worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial

philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic

patterns of society the workers as one of the primary

constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing

attention from all sector of the community

Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to

country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-

operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of

ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is

concerned participation is conceived of as a means of

developing personality satisfying human urge for self

expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man

Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as

the institution of owners and workers But it important has

25

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 26: Bipin Project

increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial

revolution and the advent of large enterprises

Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils

and committees comprising representative of employees and

employers to recommend step for improving productivity

machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power

light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth

MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE

MANAGEMENT

In its broads sense employee participation means associating

representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking

as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative

management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos

share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are

implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in

actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the

reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise

The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by

sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The

sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of

varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and

promote industrial peace The psychologists consider

participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person

in a group situation which encourages workers to share

managerial responsibility

26

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 27: Bipin Project

According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological

process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in

an establishment and see that it works successfully The

economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is

the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective

conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos

participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to

permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial

establishment through proper representation of workers at all

levels of management in the entire range of managerial section

DEFINITION

A clear and more comprehensive definition is

1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all

terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives

with the decision making process ranging from exchange

of information consultations decisions and negotiations to

more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the

workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or

even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in

Yugoslavia (According to ILO)

2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with

co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east

Germany to describe this participation Participation

management is also called employee involvement

27

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 28: Bipin Project

3 Participation management refers to the process of

involving employees or employer representative at all

levels of decision making Co-determination is another

terms of participative management

EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION

MANAGEMENT

Participative management is a constitutional commitment in

India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides

The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any

other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the

management of undertakings establishments or other

organizations engaged in any industry

A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it

mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and

employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be

some joint

consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-

employee relations Subsequently a study team under the

chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of

Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden

France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study

the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the

28

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 29: Bipin Project

British system of joint management councils and committees

The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and

were not binding on the management The response to the

scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however

interest in it waned

Till now all the measures to introduce participative

management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory

measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from

all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30

1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in

the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support

of the bill

1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution

2 The non statutory measures were not effective and

3 The statutory works committees have proved to be

ineffective

The committees were since then abolished

The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or

mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an

lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These

councils were to have and equal number of representatives of

employers and employees

A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems

necessary in relation to

1 Production

2 Storing

3 Materials economy

29

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 30: Bipin Project

4 Operational problems

5 Wastage control

6 Hazards of safety problems

7 Quality improvement

8 Cleanliness

9 Monthly targets and production schedules

10 Cost- reduction efforts

11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems

12 Design group working and

13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops

Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a

position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of

raising production and productivity Decision making on larger

issues is better left to specialist managers

But participative management is staging a come- back The

compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made

employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager

and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break

barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker

a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be

replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress

of businessrdquo

30

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 31: Bipin Project

SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN

There are three groups of international decisions which have a

direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment

1 Social

2 Personnel

3 Economics

Social

Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures

questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual

workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control

Personnel

Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection

promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work

distribution and so on

Economic

Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods

of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers

and similar other functions

31

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 32: Bipin Project

But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and

the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel

and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion

that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit

with the management as equal partners and make joint

managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds

the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity

through their representatives to influence managerial decision

at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual

participation in the decision- making process of the

management while the second aspect will work out to be

consultation of workers in managerial decisions

METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

32

Financial participation

Board level participation

Complete control

Ownership participation

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 33: Bipin Project

REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in

management the following conditions must be fulfilled

(i) Democratic Attitude of Management

(ii) Strong Union

33

TQM

Empowered teams

Quality circles

Suggestion schemes

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 34: Bipin Project

(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith

(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation

(v) Continuity

(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations

(vii) Training in Participation

WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN

MANAGEMENT IN INDIA

The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in

India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910

when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the

First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set

up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This

committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works

Committees were set up but with little success

The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended

works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The

fate of these committees also however was no better than

those set up earlier They could not make much headway After

1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization

(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade

unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos

association with management But the scheme of joint

consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the

Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947

The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one

hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the

Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo

34

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 35: Bipin Project

participation in management of which Joint Management

Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are

of significance

WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN

INDIAN

SCENE

Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands

self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of

the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a

means for the availability of goods and services in abundance

and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for

economic development is dependant on the industrial

programme

In a developing country like India the key to the progress is

increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the

management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards

35

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 36: Bipin Project

each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the

pace of productivity

FORMS OF PARTICIPATION

The form or way in which workers can and do participate in

management varies a great deal To some extent this variation

is related to the variations in the level of management subjects

or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of

labour management relationship prevalent in an organization

Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and

management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of

the development of labour management co-operation The first

stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an

employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of

informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook

of their company as well as telling them about changes in

operating methods before they are put into effect The second

stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which

the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution

in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and

that the management presents of development the

management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate

ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and

labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the

operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-

Sharingrsquo

According to KC Alexander the Important form in which

workers can participate in management are

36

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 37: Bipin Project

1 Collective Bargaining

2 Joint Administration

3 Joint decision- making

4 Consultation and information sharing

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION

Participative management results in improved

performance Improved performance is the outcome of

three variables

1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness

2 Enhancement of self efficacy

3 Employee perception of empowerment

In other word

The greatest benefit of participative management is that the

employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this

leads to an improved performance

1 Participation tends to improve motivation because

employees feel more accepted and involved in the

situation

2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the

management will also improve

3 Seduced conflict and stress

4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence

5 Participation in itself establishes better communication

37

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 38: Bipin Project

6 The Management tends to provide workers with

increased information about the organizations

7 Reduced industrial unrest

8 Reduced misunderstanding

9 Increased organization balance

10 Improve Communication

11 Higher productivity

12 Increased commitment

13 Industrial Democracy

14 Development of individual

15 Less resistance to change

LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION

A review of management literature on participation reveals that

(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of

thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a

process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed

to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The

second views participation as actual

Influencing through Information sharing- According to he

first

view participation takes place when the management solicits

the opinion of workers before taking a decision

Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers

are active

38

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 39: Bipin Project

participation in the process of decision- making Their

representatives sit across

the table with the representatives of management to take

important decisions

particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be

member of works

committee Joint management council etc

Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-

management) is that management and workers are not

visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with

equal voting rights Every member participates right from

decision- making to execution of decisions

MODES OF PARTICIPATION

Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises

in achieved by the following methods-

Works Committee A works committee consists of equal

number of representative of both employers and workers It

meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the

workers and the management After discussion joint decisions

are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties

Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate

discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely

popular and effective in France and also in England

39

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 40: Bipin Project

Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was

started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works

councils district council and national council) on the

recommendations of the whitely Committee which was

appointed by the British Government to recommend measures

for the permanent settlement of differences between the

workers and the management Joint consultation involves

setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and

the management to discuss and give suggestions for

improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The

decisions of such committees are not binding on either party

yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual

consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal

training working hours etc

Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in

which employees through their elected leaders participate on

equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of

the workers

Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to

purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-

owners In this way they can participate in the management of

the company through their elected representatives on the Board

of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend

general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting

rights

Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with

management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a

seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have

themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries

40

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 41: Bipin Project

where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA

the trade union definitely reject the idea

A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view

would carry little weight with the Board

Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers

are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on

various administrative matters and their suggestions are

considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition

rewards are also given to those who make constructive

suggestions

Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers

an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on

matters affecting their interests It is established for an early

settlement of workers grievances

Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which

provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the

direction of quality improvement and self development Quality

circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too

many other countries

SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT

IN NTPC

Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public

sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving

specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the

administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation

41

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 42: Bipin Project

with the department of labour taking into account the nature of

the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc

Any undertaking of the central government which is

departmentally However will be excluded from this new

scheme

STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant

levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at

the board level The administrative ministry department council

will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of

undertaking which it considered would be suitable for

introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will

be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as

meaning undertaking as possible scope

REPRESENTATIVE

The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level

would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an

unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel

would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman

charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the

management will get equal representation at the shop floor and

plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes

member depending on the size workforce The exact number

would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the

42

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 43: Bipin Project

trade union leader in the under taking the management will also

consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through

consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at

which the scheme would be implemented

The management trade union leader would ensure that there is

adequate representation for woman in the participative forum

where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work

force The management would also ensure that adequate

provision as made to safe guard workers

Independence from management pressure so as to ensure

worker protection against any harassment or victimization

FUNCTION

The participative arrangement may cover the following function

at different levels

AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop

material economy operational problem wastage control

hazards safety target and production schedule construction

program formulation and implementation work system design

group working welfare major related particularly to the shop

B Plant level- Operational area

a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into

account the local condition

b Planning implementation of undertaking an

revised of monthly target and schedule

43

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 44: Bipin Project

c Material supply and its short full

d Storages amp inventories

e House keeping

f Improvement in productivity in general and in a

critical area in particular

g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion

h Quality and technological improvement

i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of

new product

j Operational performance figure

k Matter not resolved at the shop level or

concerning more than one shop

l Review of the working of the shop level bodies

ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA

1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet

2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result

cost of rules

3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp

managerial cost Market Condition etc

PERSONNEL MATTER

1 Absenteeism

2 Special Problem woman worker

44

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 45: Bipin Project

3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training

programs

4 Administration of social security scheme

WELFARE AREA

1 Operational details

2 implementation of welfare scheme medical

benefit and transport facility

3 Safety major

4 Sports amp Game lsquo

5 Housing

6 Township Administration canteen etc

7 Control of gambling drinking

ENVIRMENTAL AREA

1 Extension activities amp communities development

project

2 Pollution Control

BOARD LEVEL

At the board level the workers representative will participate in

all the function of the board

One of the special function assigned to the board would be

covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum

WORKING OF THE FORUM

At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to

arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually

45

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 46: Bipin Project

acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for

the next fire forum

MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE

FORUM

The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus

between the worker in the management

MONITERING OF THE SCHEME

As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme

with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative

ministries department concerned the programme of the

working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be

reviewed quarterly

GENERALS

No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any

legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however

be considered after educate experience has been gained in the

working of the scheme

PARTICIPATIVE FORUM

46

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 47: Bipin Project

1 Safety committee

2 Township Advisory committee

3 Joint Plant Project level council

4 Shop Department level council

5 Canteen management committee

6 Employee welfare Committee

7 Sports Council

8 House Allotment Committee

Participative Forums in NTPC

10 PREAMBLE

In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective

participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a

coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance

and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized

forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the

timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is

desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of

constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting

reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and

physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day

concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the

areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment

etc

20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness

with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make

47

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 48: Bipin Project

employees feel about the various measures in hand for

improving their working and living conditions to make use of

the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the

benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is

desirable to have various institutionalized forums

22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not

been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength

and other relevant factors the following committees may be

constituted to start with

221 Safety Committee

222 Township Advisory Committee

23 During the phase when both generation and construction

activities are going on simultaneously as well as after

completion of construction activities the participative forums

would be as follows

231 Safety Committee

232 Township Advisory Committee

233 Joint PlantProject Level Council

234 ShopDepartmental Level Council

235 Canteen Management Committee

236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

237 Sports Council

238 House Allotment Committee

48

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 49: Bipin Project

30 SAFETY COMMITTEE

31 Objective

The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create

safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and

measure to the management for creating safe working

conditions and a safe working culture

32 Constitution

The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows

321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman

322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation

323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary

324 Officer(HR-Welfare)

325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department

326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Mechanical Erection

327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from

Electrical Erection

328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Mechanical Erection

329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from

Electrical Erection

33 Meetings

The Committee will meet once in three months or at such

frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who

would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up

49

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 50: Bipin Project

for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings

40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE

41 Objective

The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to

advise the management in the administration of matters

relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to

make suggestions for the provision of township facilities

horticulture and environment etc

51 Constitution

The constitution of the SLC would be as follows

1 Head of Department ndash Chairman

2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary

3 The number of representatives of employees and the

Management would be equal and would vary between 8

and 12 depending on the employee strength

The Management representatives would be

recommended by the Heads of Department and

approved by the Head of Project They would consist of

representatives from the Supervisory category whose

number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total

number of Management representatives is 4 or 6

Workers representatives would be elected by secret

ballot

The members once nominated or elected would hold

position for one year Any vacancies arising during the

term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned

earlier but only for the remaining period of the term

52 Terms of Reference

50

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 51: Bipin Project

1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly

generationconstruction targets

2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency

including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization

of machine capacity and manpower

3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take

necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate

relevant contributing factors

4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and

recommend steps to reduce them

5 Safety measures

6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the

shopdepartment

7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation

noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue

8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient

running of the shopdepartment and

9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication

between the management and the workers particularly

on matters relating to production figures production

schedules and progress in achieving targets

53 Meetings

The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent

intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will

prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the

implementation of the conclusions

60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS

A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with

specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number

of employee and management representatives

51

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 52: Bipin Project

61 Canteen Management Committee

Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management

62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee

Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities

63 Sports Council

Promoting sports consciousness

64 House Allotment Committee

Allotment of house to entitled employees

70 REFERENCES

71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the

Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp

01051980

72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980

73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel

held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents

on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo

74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-

1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as

set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting

75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management

circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No

01Pers29(3) dated 21081984

52

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 53: Bipin Project

for the provision of township facilities horticulture and

environment etc

METHODOLOGY

The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation

DATA COLLECTION

After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator

NATURE OF DATA

53

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 54: Bipin Project

The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method

PRIMARY DATA

The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method

SECONDARY DATA

Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip

SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA

1 Journals

2 Books

3 Magazine

RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or

status regarding particular item or group of item description

research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of

54

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 55: Bipin Project

the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was

required in analytical form The survey was conducted using

questionnaire method By using this method we found the

present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the

further parts

SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person

to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have

selected the sample size of sixty

SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried

out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a

relatively small group of individual is selected for representing

the whole universe

55

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 56: Bipin Project

56

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 57: Bipin Project

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant

1 2 3 4 5

Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner

6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas

Sl No Suggestions1

57

UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 58: Bipin Project

2345

STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए

1 2 3 4 5

परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत

करमस

Attributes 1 2 3 4 5

1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह

2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह

3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह

4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह

5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह

6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह

7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह

8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह

9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह

10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह

नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp

58

याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 59: Bipin Project

करमस सझा12345

SURVEY REPORT

Sample sizehellip(60)

59

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 60: Bipin Project

Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]

60

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 61: Bipin Project

3

27

24

3

Ans(2)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum

A Strongly Disagree [03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 0 ]

E Somewhat Agree [15 ]

61

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 62: Bipin Project

3

21

21

2

Ans(3)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]

62

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 63: Bipin Project

6

21

18

15

Ans (4)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [12 ]

63

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 64: Bipin Project

3

21

24

12

Ans(5)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 12 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]

64

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 65: Bipin Project

6

12

30

39

Ans(6)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 27 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

65

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 66: Bipin Project

3

27

15

3

12

Ans(7)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 18 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]

D Disagree [ 03 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]

66

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 67: Bipin Project

3

18

183

18

Ans(8)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members

A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]

B Agree [ 21 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

67

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 68: Bipin Project

6

21

21

12

Ans(9)

strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree

Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management

A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]

B Agree [ 15 ]

C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]

D Disagree [ 00 ]

E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]

68

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 69: Bipin Project

3 15

30

12

Ans (10)

strongly disagree

Agree

strongly agree

Disagree

somewhat agree

CONCLUSIONS

By the survey I can conclude that

A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative

management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC

B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative

forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the

management

69

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 70: Bipin Project

C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly

agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp

employers

D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater

efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but

most of them partly disagree

E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy

relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly

agree

F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive

question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one

Few of them do not actively participate in the working

70

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 71: Bipin Project

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

PCTripathi

Psubhrao

PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT

GVernadani

HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT

KAswanthappa

71

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 72: Bipin Project

MAGZINES

Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal

Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly

Shakti Sandesh Monthly

Vidut Swar Quarterly

NTPC News Monthly Vol I II

WEBSITES

Intranet NTPC

Googlecom

hrmediacom

ntpccom

Singraulicom

72

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 73: Bipin Project

73

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and
Page 74: Bipin Project

74

  • ldquo Develop and provide
    • Reliable power related
    • Products and services at
    • Competitive prices
    • Integrating multiple energy
    • Sources with innovative
    • And eco-friendly
    • Technologies and