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A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
ON
ldquoWORKERS PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENTrdquo
AT
SHAKTINAGAR(SSTPP)
( A UNIT OF GOVT OF INDIA)
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award of the two year post graduate degree in
Personnel management amp industrial relation
2010 -2012
Submitted To- Presented By-
NAVNEETA SHOME Bipin Kumar
HR Department MPMIR (2010-12)
NTPC Ltd B H U
Shaktinagar Sonebhadra Varanasi-221005
1
Acknowledgement
In an organization be one man working in isolation can achieve it an industry a school or society no outcomes Itrsquos always a group working and achieving the outcome in totality It is the outcome of all the guidance and support that we received from this organization
We would like to special thank Mr SS DasAGM (Training) for having arrangement of our training in this organization
In my prior list I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to the authorities of ldquoNTPC LIMITEDrdquoamp Mrs Navneeta Shome under whose guidance amp supervision the present study has been carried out
I am very grateful to Mrs Navneeta Shome who always spread their valuable time to steer me through this project work with smiling face amp I am also thankful to all the staff members of HR department
The list also contains my colleagues and friends for helping me in preparation of rough sketches for the project and inspired me throughout
Lastly I owe a considerable debt to all the members of NTPC PARIWAR specially the HR ndashEmployee Relation Department who spared their precious time by answering the Questions and Queries and thus helping me in my cause
Bipin Kumar MPMIR(BHU)
Certificate
2
DATE 15 052011
PLACE Singrauli
This is to certify that MrBipin Kumar student of MPMIR Department of PSychology BHU Varanasi has done his eight week summer training project from 15052011 to 15072011 in concept HR at HIndalco industries ltd on the topic ldquoworkers participation in management rdquo for partial fulfilment of MPMIR degree from BHUVaranasi
His work and conduct during the training was excellent
We wish him all success in future
Guided By -
Mrs Navneeta shome
HR Department
Ntpc ltd
Shaktinagar soneb
ABOUT NTPC
NTPC ndash AN OVERVIEW
The year 1975 witnessed the birth of organisation that went on to achieve great feats
3
in performance in a sector that was until then characterized largely by lack of investment serve supply shortages and operational practices that made the commercial viability of the sector unsustainable On November 7 1975 NTPC came into being and with it came a bold way of looking at the power infrastructure that could support the economy then reeling under the oil crises Since then NTPC has led the power sector with the creation of an immensely efficient and reliable power generation infrastructure which was till then largely in the hands of State Electricity Boards
NTPC true to the expectation played a key role in the development of the sector and has emerged as the largest power utility lighting every fourth bulb in the country Powering the growth of the country was the prime motto and the vision had been to make available power in plenty
NTPC today has emerged as an lsquoIntegrated Power Majorrsquo with a significant presence in the entire value chain of power generation business In Forbes list of ldquoWorldrsquos 2000 largest companies 2007rdquo NTPC occupies 411th place With a current generation capacity of 30144 MW NTPC has embarked on
4
plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business
NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts
National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the
5
nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity
Installed Capacity
NTPC
Owned
NO of
Plant
MW
Generatio
n
Coal 15 23895
GasLiquid
Fuel
07 3955
Total 22 27850
Owned by
JVs
Coal amp Gas 04 2044
Total 26 29894
Coal Based Power Stations
With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009
6
Sl
No
Coal
Based
(Owned
by NTPC)
State Commission
ed
Capicity(MW
)
1 Singrauli Uttar
Pradesh
2000
2 Korba Chhattisga
rh
2100
3 Ramagunda
m
Andhra
Pradesh
2600
4 Farakka West
Bengal
1600
5 Vindhyachal Madhya
Pradesh
3260
6 Rihand Uttar
Pradesh
2000
7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340
8 NTCPP UP 840
9 Talchar
Kaniha
Orissa 3000
7
10 Unchahar Uttar
Pradesh
1050
11 Talcher
Thermal
Orissa 460
12 Simhadri Andra
Pradesh
1000
13 Tanda Uttar
Pradesh
440
14 Badarpur Delhi 705
15 Sipat Chhattisga
rh
1000
TOTA
L
23895
8
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
Acknowledgement
In an organization be one man working in isolation can achieve it an industry a school or society no outcomes Itrsquos always a group working and achieving the outcome in totality It is the outcome of all the guidance and support that we received from this organization
We would like to special thank Mr SS DasAGM (Training) for having arrangement of our training in this organization
In my prior list I would like to express my profound sense of gratitude to the authorities of ldquoNTPC LIMITEDrdquoamp Mrs Navneeta Shome under whose guidance amp supervision the present study has been carried out
I am very grateful to Mrs Navneeta Shome who always spread their valuable time to steer me through this project work with smiling face amp I am also thankful to all the staff members of HR department
The list also contains my colleagues and friends for helping me in preparation of rough sketches for the project and inspired me throughout
Lastly I owe a considerable debt to all the members of NTPC PARIWAR specially the HR ndashEmployee Relation Department who spared their precious time by answering the Questions and Queries and thus helping me in my cause
Bipin Kumar MPMIR(BHU)
Certificate
2
DATE 15 052011
PLACE Singrauli
This is to certify that MrBipin Kumar student of MPMIR Department of PSychology BHU Varanasi has done his eight week summer training project from 15052011 to 15072011 in concept HR at HIndalco industries ltd on the topic ldquoworkers participation in management rdquo for partial fulfilment of MPMIR degree from BHUVaranasi
His work and conduct during the training was excellent
We wish him all success in future
Guided By -
Mrs Navneeta shome
HR Department
Ntpc ltd
Shaktinagar soneb
ABOUT NTPC
NTPC ndash AN OVERVIEW
The year 1975 witnessed the birth of organisation that went on to achieve great feats
3
in performance in a sector that was until then characterized largely by lack of investment serve supply shortages and operational practices that made the commercial viability of the sector unsustainable On November 7 1975 NTPC came into being and with it came a bold way of looking at the power infrastructure that could support the economy then reeling under the oil crises Since then NTPC has led the power sector with the creation of an immensely efficient and reliable power generation infrastructure which was till then largely in the hands of State Electricity Boards
NTPC true to the expectation played a key role in the development of the sector and has emerged as the largest power utility lighting every fourth bulb in the country Powering the growth of the country was the prime motto and the vision had been to make available power in plenty
NTPC today has emerged as an lsquoIntegrated Power Majorrsquo with a significant presence in the entire value chain of power generation business In Forbes list of ldquoWorldrsquos 2000 largest companies 2007rdquo NTPC occupies 411th place With a current generation capacity of 30144 MW NTPC has embarked on
4
plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business
NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts
National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the
5
nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity
Installed Capacity
NTPC
Owned
NO of
Plant
MW
Generatio
n
Coal 15 23895
GasLiquid
Fuel
07 3955
Total 22 27850
Owned by
JVs
Coal amp Gas 04 2044
Total 26 29894
Coal Based Power Stations
With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009
6
Sl
No
Coal
Based
(Owned
by NTPC)
State Commission
ed
Capicity(MW
)
1 Singrauli Uttar
Pradesh
2000
2 Korba Chhattisga
rh
2100
3 Ramagunda
m
Andhra
Pradesh
2600
4 Farakka West
Bengal
1600
5 Vindhyachal Madhya
Pradesh
3260
6 Rihand Uttar
Pradesh
2000
7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340
8 NTCPP UP 840
9 Talchar
Kaniha
Orissa 3000
7
10 Unchahar Uttar
Pradesh
1050
11 Talcher
Thermal
Orissa 460
12 Simhadri Andra
Pradesh
1000
13 Tanda Uttar
Pradesh
440
14 Badarpur Delhi 705
15 Sipat Chhattisga
rh
1000
TOTA
L
23895
8
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
DATE 15 052011
PLACE Singrauli
This is to certify that MrBipin Kumar student of MPMIR Department of PSychology BHU Varanasi has done his eight week summer training project from 15052011 to 15072011 in concept HR at HIndalco industries ltd on the topic ldquoworkers participation in management rdquo for partial fulfilment of MPMIR degree from BHUVaranasi
His work and conduct during the training was excellent
We wish him all success in future
Guided By -
Mrs Navneeta shome
HR Department
Ntpc ltd
Shaktinagar soneb
ABOUT NTPC
NTPC ndash AN OVERVIEW
The year 1975 witnessed the birth of organisation that went on to achieve great feats
3
in performance in a sector that was until then characterized largely by lack of investment serve supply shortages and operational practices that made the commercial viability of the sector unsustainable On November 7 1975 NTPC came into being and with it came a bold way of looking at the power infrastructure that could support the economy then reeling under the oil crises Since then NTPC has led the power sector with the creation of an immensely efficient and reliable power generation infrastructure which was till then largely in the hands of State Electricity Boards
NTPC true to the expectation played a key role in the development of the sector and has emerged as the largest power utility lighting every fourth bulb in the country Powering the growth of the country was the prime motto and the vision had been to make available power in plenty
NTPC today has emerged as an lsquoIntegrated Power Majorrsquo with a significant presence in the entire value chain of power generation business In Forbes list of ldquoWorldrsquos 2000 largest companies 2007rdquo NTPC occupies 411th place With a current generation capacity of 30144 MW NTPC has embarked on
4
plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business
NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts
National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the
5
nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity
Installed Capacity
NTPC
Owned
NO of
Plant
MW
Generatio
n
Coal 15 23895
GasLiquid
Fuel
07 3955
Total 22 27850
Owned by
JVs
Coal amp Gas 04 2044
Total 26 29894
Coal Based Power Stations
With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009
6
Sl
No
Coal
Based
(Owned
by NTPC)
State Commission
ed
Capicity(MW
)
1 Singrauli Uttar
Pradesh
2000
2 Korba Chhattisga
rh
2100
3 Ramagunda
m
Andhra
Pradesh
2600
4 Farakka West
Bengal
1600
5 Vindhyachal Madhya
Pradesh
3260
6 Rihand Uttar
Pradesh
2000
7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340
8 NTCPP UP 840
9 Talchar
Kaniha
Orissa 3000
7
10 Unchahar Uttar
Pradesh
1050
11 Talcher
Thermal
Orissa 460
12 Simhadri Andra
Pradesh
1000
13 Tanda Uttar
Pradesh
440
14 Badarpur Delhi 705
15 Sipat Chhattisga
rh
1000
TOTA
L
23895
8
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
in performance in a sector that was until then characterized largely by lack of investment serve supply shortages and operational practices that made the commercial viability of the sector unsustainable On November 7 1975 NTPC came into being and with it came a bold way of looking at the power infrastructure that could support the economy then reeling under the oil crises Since then NTPC has led the power sector with the creation of an immensely efficient and reliable power generation infrastructure which was till then largely in the hands of State Electricity Boards
NTPC true to the expectation played a key role in the development of the sector and has emerged as the largest power utility lighting every fourth bulb in the country Powering the growth of the country was the prime motto and the vision had been to make available power in plenty
NTPC today has emerged as an lsquoIntegrated Power Majorrsquo with a significant presence in the entire value chain of power generation business In Forbes list of ldquoWorldrsquos 2000 largest companies 2007rdquo NTPC occupies 411th place With a current generation capacity of 30144 MW NTPC has embarked on
4
plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business
NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts
National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the
5
nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity
Installed Capacity
NTPC
Owned
NO of
Plant
MW
Generatio
n
Coal 15 23895
GasLiquid
Fuel
07 3955
Total 22 27850
Owned by
JVs
Coal amp Gas 04 2044
Total 26 29894
Coal Based Power Stations
With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009
6
Sl
No
Coal
Based
(Owned
by NTPC)
State Commission
ed
Capicity(MW
)
1 Singrauli Uttar
Pradesh
2000
2 Korba Chhattisga
rh
2100
3 Ramagunda
m
Andhra
Pradesh
2600
4 Farakka West
Bengal
1600
5 Vindhyachal Madhya
Pradesh
3260
6 Rihand Uttar
Pradesh
2000
7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340
8 NTCPP UP 840
9 Talchar
Kaniha
Orissa 3000
7
10 Unchahar Uttar
Pradesh
1050
11 Talcher
Thermal
Orissa 460
12 Simhadri Andra
Pradesh
1000
13 Tanda Uttar
Pradesh
440
14 Badarpur Delhi 705
15 Sipat Chhattisga
rh
1000
TOTA
L
23895
8
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
plants to become a 75000 MW company by 2017 the chain of power generation business
NTPC was set up in the central sector to build own and operate large thermal power station with unit sizes of 200MW and 500MW Capacity addition by NTPC was meant to supplement the efforts of State Electricity Boards The first four projects namely singrauli Korba Ramagundam and Farakka in four different regions of the country were already on the drawing board and were to be set up as pit-head stations There was challenge aplenty The expectations were high and so were high and so were risk NTPC symbolized hope of the country suffering from crippling power black-outs the Government of India which was trying to put an ailing economy back on the track and the World Bank which was supporting the country in many development initiatives Thus NTPC was created not only to redraw the power map of India but to excel in its performance and set bench marks for others to follow It succeeds on both courts
National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) and national hydroelectric power corporation ltd (NHPC) were set up in the central sector to supplement the efforts of the states With an installed capacity of 24249 mega watt (MW) NTPC today contributes 2708 of the
5
nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity
Installed Capacity
NTPC
Owned
NO of
Plant
MW
Generatio
n
Coal 15 23895
GasLiquid
Fuel
07 3955
Total 22 27850
Owned by
JVs
Coal amp Gas 04 2044
Total 26 29894
Coal Based Power Stations
With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009
6
Sl
No
Coal
Based
(Owned
by NTPC)
State Commission
ed
Capicity(MW
)
1 Singrauli Uttar
Pradesh
2000
2 Korba Chhattisga
rh
2100
3 Ramagunda
m
Andhra
Pradesh
2600
4 Farakka West
Bengal
1600
5 Vindhyachal Madhya
Pradesh
3260
6 Rihand Uttar
Pradesh
2000
7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340
8 NTCPP UP 840
9 Talchar
Kaniha
Orissa 3000
7
10 Unchahar Uttar
Pradesh
1050
11 Talcher
Thermal
Orissa 460
12 Simhadri Andra
Pradesh
1000
13 Tanda Uttar
Pradesh
440
14 Badarpur Delhi 705
15 Sipat Chhattisga
rh
1000
TOTA
L
23895
8
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
nationrsquos power generation with only 2006 of Indiarsquos total installed capacity
Installed Capacity
NTPC
Owned
NO of
Plant
MW
Generatio
n
Coal 15 23895
GasLiquid
Fuel
07 3955
Total 22 27850
Owned by
JVs
Coal amp Gas 04 2044
Total 26 29894
Coal Based Power Stations
With 15 coal based power station NTPC is the largest Thermal power generating company in the country The company has a coal based installed capacity of 23895 MW as on January 31 2009
6
Sl
No
Coal
Based
(Owned
by NTPC)
State Commission
ed
Capicity(MW
)
1 Singrauli Uttar
Pradesh
2000
2 Korba Chhattisga
rh
2100
3 Ramagunda
m
Andhra
Pradesh
2600
4 Farakka West
Bengal
1600
5 Vindhyachal Madhya
Pradesh
3260
6 Rihand Uttar
Pradesh
2000
7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340
8 NTCPP UP 840
9 Talchar
Kaniha
Orissa 3000
7
10 Unchahar Uttar
Pradesh
1050
11 Talcher
Thermal
Orissa 460
12 Simhadri Andra
Pradesh
1000
13 Tanda Uttar
Pradesh
440
14 Badarpur Delhi 705
15 Sipat Chhattisga
rh
1000
TOTA
L
23895
8
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
Sl
No
Coal
Based
(Owned
by NTPC)
State Commission
ed
Capicity(MW
)
1 Singrauli Uttar
Pradesh
2000
2 Korba Chhattisga
rh
2100
3 Ramagunda
m
Andhra
Pradesh
2600
4 Farakka West
Bengal
1600
5 Vindhyachal Madhya
Pradesh
3260
6 Rihand Uttar
Pradesh
2000
7 Kahalgaon Bihar 2340
8 NTCPP UP 840
9 Talchar
Kaniha
Orissa 3000
7
10 Unchahar Uttar
Pradesh
1050
11 Talcher
Thermal
Orissa 460
12 Simhadri Andra
Pradesh
1000
13 Tanda Uttar
Pradesh
440
14 Badarpur Delhi 705
15 Sipat Chhattisga
rh
1000
TOTA
L
23895
8
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
10 Unchahar Uttar
Pradesh
1050
11 Talcher
Thermal
Orissa 460
12 Simhadri Andra
Pradesh
1000
13 Tanda Uttar
Pradesh
440
14 Badarpur Delhi 705
15 Sipat Chhattisga
rh
1000
TOTA
L
23895
8
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
9
1975
1997
2004
2005
2007
NTPC was set up with 100 of ownership
by govt of India
Navratna status
enhancing the powers t the board of
directors
Rechristened as NTPC
Limited in line to
become intehrated
power utility
A listed company with
govt ownership of
895 3rd largest market
capitlization
1st step towards strategic
diversification largest power
utility in India
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
NTPC VISION
rdquoA World Class Integrated
power major powering Indiarsquos
growth
with increasing global
presencerdquo
NTPC MISSION
ldquo Develop and provide
Reliable power related
Products and services at
Competitive prices
Integrating multiple energy
Sources with innovative
And eco-friendly
Technologies andContribute to society
10
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
NTPC CORE VALUES
BUSINESS ETHICS
CUSTOMER FOCUS
ORGANISATIONAL amp PROFESSIONAL
PRIDE
MUTUAL RESPECT AND TRUST
INNOVATION AND SPEED
TOTAL QUALITY FOR EXCELLENCE
INTRODUCTION OF ndash NTPC SINGRAULI (SSTPS)
11
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
NTPC Singrauli the flagship station of NTPC is situated in Sonebhadra District of Uttar PradeshIt has five unit of 200 MW(Turbine LMZ design Boiler combustion Engineering Design) and two units of 500 MW (Turbine KWU design Boiler combustion Engineering design )Condenser cooling system of all the units is open system It takes water from Govind Ballabh Pant Reservoir and releases in the same reservoir after a distance of around 10 KM through open canal
NTPC Singrauli has its own MGR (Merry Go Round) system for transportation of coal from NCL Jayant mines Electricity generated from this plant goes to northern grid (UP Haryana Delhi Rajasthan Punjab JampK HP amp Uttarakhand) Start up power can be taken from Rihand hydle or fromNTPCVidhyachal (Western grid)Either whole ash generated was disposed in ash dyke in slurry from Now part of ash is being disposed in dry from for brick manufacturing and some part is provided to cement manufacturers
The first unit of the station was commissioned in 1982 and the last one in 1987Since than NTPC Singrauli is serving the nation day night
Being the flagship project NTPC Singrauli has a number of first to its credit and has played a key role in positioning NTPC as a ldquoBrandrdquo in the power sector of the country The humble and dedicated beginning made at Singrauli on 13th
February 1982 has yielded result and paved the way for many landmark achievements bringing the company to its present stature
12
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
Being the first project of NTPC all focus was on Shaktinager There was regular monthly PRT meeting at site strict monitoring of the progress at project and corporate level The Directors and CMD used to visit the project at regular intervals Singrauli has been and will remain important in the history of power sector in India It is therefore a matter of pride for all of us
As the Indian economy grows the demand for power will only magnify while states do play their own parts in increasing power generation the role of NTPC as a major source of quality power remains unassailed
SINGRAULI AT A GLANCE
Installed Capacity 2000 MW
Units Size Stage- I 5 x 200 MW
Stage-II 2 x 500 MW
Location Shaktinagar
sonebhadra
Uttar Pradesh
Pin- 231222
13
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
NTPC
Coal Sources Jayant Dudhichua Mines
Water Sources Rihand Reservoir
Beneficiary States Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan
Uttarakhand Haryana
JammuampKashmir Delhi
Punjab Chandighar and
Himanchal Pradesh
14
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
Honrsquoble Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh in February
2005 observed
ldquoNTPC is a great success story of our times
It is imbued with the spirit of ldquocan do itrdquo
My best wishes for the future growth of this
magnificent national enterpriserdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE VISION
15
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
ldquoA world class integrated
power major powering
Indiarsquos growth with
Increasing global presencerdquo
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTS
ED EB ER ES EDC
Rajbhasha
Group
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT (ED )
This department takes the HR initiatives of promotion
appraisals and other development aspects ED maintains
the Management Information System for the organization
16
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS GROUP (EB)
The Employee Benefits Groups take care of the welfare and
benefits like recruitment separation loans and advances
which the employees are eligible The Voluntary Retirement
Scheme is also dealt by EBG
EMPLOYEE RELATIONS GROUP (ER)
The ERG is in charge of the Industrial Relations Contract
Labor security ie CISF and GPAIS of NTPC Shaktinagar
EMPLOYEE SERVICE GROUP (ES)
The ESG deals with entitlements handling and other law
related matters
EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT CENTER (EDC)
The EDC conducts various workshops and Training
Programme to employees and other trainees EDC conducts
IGNOU exams for employees who are interested in doing
higher education with jobs
RAJBHSHA GROUP
As it is compulsory for all Government organization to keep
a Hindi so is in NTPC also for the same reason NTPC has
17
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
Rajbhasha Group This Group does the Hindi translation
conduct debates and other Hindi promotional activities
Workersrsquo Participation in Management
Workers participation in management is in essential ingredient of industrial democracy The concept of workers participation in management is based in ldquoHuman Relationsrdquo approach to management which brought about new set of values to labour and management
Traditionally the concept of Workersrsquo Participation in Management (WPM) refers to participation of non-managerial employees in the decision-making process of the organisation Workersrsquo participation in management meets the psychological needs of the workers to a greater extent That way it may also be treated as the process of delegation of authority in the general areas of managerial functions
According to one view workers participation is based on the fundamental concept that the ordinary worker invest his labour in and ties his fate to his place of work and therefore he has a legitimate right to have a share in influencing the various aspects of company policyrdquo
To quote the version of British Institute of Management ldquoWorkersrsquo participation in management is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions and it is based on the assumption of commonality of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long term prospects of the enterprise and those working in itrdquo
According to GS Walpole participation in management gives the workers a sense of importance price and
18
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
accomplishment it given him the freedom and the opportunity for self-expression a feeling of belonging to his place of work and a sense of workmanship and creativity It provides for the integration of his interest with those of the management and makes him a joint partner in the enterpriserdquo
Dr Alexander considers a management to be participative ldquoif it gives scope to the workers to influence its decision making process on any level or sphere or if it shares with them some if its managerial prerogativesrdquo
Clegg says ldquoIt implies a situation where workers representatives are to some extent involved in the process of management decision making but where the ultimate power is in the hands of the managementrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
According to Dr Davis ldquoit is a mental and emotional involvement of a person in a group situation which encourages him to contribute to goals and share responsibilities in themrdquo
In should be borne in mid that when individuals are provided with opportunities for expression and share in decision-making they show much initiative and accept responsibility substantially The rationale of workersrsquo participation in management lies in that it helps in creation amongst the workers a sense of involvement in their organisation a better understanding of their role in the smooth functioning of industry and provides them a means of self-realization thereby promoting efficiency and increased productivity
Thus the concept workersrsquo participation in management encompasses the following
19
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
It provides scope for employees in the decision making of the organisation
The participation may be at the shop level departmental level or at the top level
The participation includes the willingness to share the responsibility by works as they have a commitment to execute their decisions
The participation is conducted through the mechanism of forums which provide for association of workers representatives
The basic idea is to develop self control and self discipline among works so that the management become ldquoAuto Managementrdquo
Objectives
The scheme has economic psychological ethical and political objectives
Its psychological objective of the scheme is to secure full recognition of the workers Association of worker with management provides him with a sense of importance involvement and a feeling of belongingness He considers himself to be an indispensable constituent of the organisation
Socially the need for participation arises because modern industry is a social institution with the interest of employer the share-holders the community and the workers equally invested in it
The ethical objective of participation is to develop workers free personality and to recognize human dignity
The political objective of participation is to develop workers conscious of their democratic rights on their work place and thus bring about industrial democracy
20
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
Levels of Participation
Workersrsquo participation is possible at all levels of management the only difference is that of degree and nature of application For instance it may be vigorous at lower level and faint at top level Broadly speaking there is following five levels of participation
1 Information participation It ensures that employees are able to receive information and express their views pertaining to the matters of general economic importance
2 Consultative participation Here works are consulted on the matters of employee welfare such as work safety and health However final decision always rests at the option of management and employeesrsquo views are only of advisory nature
3 Associative participation It is extension of consultative participation as management here is under moral obligation to accept and implement the unanimous decisions of employees
4 Administrative participation It ensure greater share of works in discharge of managerial functions Here decision already taken by the management come to employees preferably with alternatives for administration and employees have to select the best from those for implementation
5 Decisive participation Highest level of participation where decisions are jointly taken on the matters relation to production welfare etc is called decisive participation
Forms of Workersrsquo Participation in Management
The forms of workers participation in management vary from industry to industry and country to country depending upon the political system pattern of management relations and subject or area of participation The forms of workers participation may be as follows
1 Joint Consultation Model
2 Joint Decision Model
3 Self Management or Auto Management Scheme
4 Workers Representation on Board
21
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
1 Joint consultation model In joint consultation model the management consults with the workers before taking decisions The workers represent their view through lsquoJoint consultative Committeesrsquo This form is followed in UK Sweden and Poland
2 Joint decision model In this form both the workers and management jointly decide and execute the decisions This form of participation is followed in USA and West Germany
3 Self management of auto management In this model the entire control is in the hands of workers Yugoslavia is an example to this model Where the state industrial units are run by the workers under a scheme called lsquoSelf Management or Auto Management Schemersquo
4 Workersrsquo representation on board Under this method the workers elect their representative and send them to the Board to participate in the decision making process
The participation of workers may be formal or informal In the formal participation it takes the forms of formal structures such as Works Committee Shop Councils Production Committee Safety Committee Joint Management Councils Canteen Committee etc The informal participation may be such as the supervisor consulting the workers for granting leave overtime and allotment of worked or transfer of workers from one department to another
Workersrsquo Participation in Management in India
Workers participation in management in India was given importance only after independence Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 was the first step in this direction which recommended for the setting up of Works Committees The Joint Management Councils were established in 1950 which increased the participation of labour in management The management scheme 1970 gave birth to lsquoBoard of Managementrsquo Since July 1975 the two-tire participation model called lsquoShop Councilrsquo at the shop level and lsquoJoint Councilsrsquo at the enterprise level were introduced
Based on the review and performance of previous schemes a new scheme was formulated in 1983 The new scheme of workers participation was applicable to all central public sector enterprises except those specifically exempted The scheme with equal number of representatives will operate both at shop as well as plant level The various functions of participative forum laid down in the scheme could be modified with the consent of parties The scheme could not
22
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
make such head way due to lack of union leaders consensus of the mode of representation and workersrsquo tendency to discuss ultra-vires issues eg pay scales wages etc
Prior to WPM Bill 1990 all the schemes of participation were non-statutory and concentrated on particular levels For effective and meaningful participation at all levels a bill was introduced in Parliament on 25th May 1990 The bill provide for effective participation at all level by formulating schemes of participation For electing representatives for participation it also provides for secret ballot The appropriate government may also appoint inspectors to review participation schemes and the bill also has provision of punishment for those who contravene any of the provision of the Act
Thus the workersrsquo participation schemes in India provide wide scope for application and upliftment of workers But in practice these schemes have not met with success though they are successful in some private sector units The factors responsible for the failure are
Attitude of the management towards the scheme is not encouraging The preventatives of workers are not given due recognition by the management
The attitude of trade unions towards the schemes is negative as they consider these schemes are reducing the power of Trade Unions Some Trade Unions boycott Joint Management Council meetings
The success these schemes require certain conditions
Management should appreciate the scheme and accept them in full faith
Trade unions have to cooperate with the schemes
Workers have to be educated
Thus workersrsquo participation in management in India has yet to succeed It can be done by educating the workers creating an environment in the organisatoin for coordination of workers and management
Review Questions
1 What do you understand by the concept of workersrsquo participation in management What are its objectives
23
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
2 What are the different forms of workersrsquo participation in management
3 Discuss the concept of workersrsquo participation in management in the Indian context
PARTICIPARTIVE FORUMThey are platform where representatives management as well as workers sit together to discuss their issues related to the working conditions safety management quality management reduction of wastage and brainstorming for better and innovative ways of doing the same
Various Participative Foras are
1) Four Shop Level Committees (SLC)i SLC-1 Operation Departmentii SLC-2 Maintenance Departmentiii SLC-3 Coal Handling Plant(CHP)iv SLC-4 Services Department(Human
Resource Financeetc)
2) Plant Labor Committee(PLC)3) Site Management Committee(SMC)4) Canteen Management Committee(CMC)5) Hospital Advisory Committee(HAC)6) House Allotment Committee7) Township Advisory Development
Committee(TADC)
In NTPC ndash SLC PLC and SMC are followed
24
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
INTRODUCTION ON PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
The Constitution (Forty- second) act 1976 makes pioneer
attempt to provide for workers participation in management in
industries by suitable legislation by articles 43 A A retrospect of
scheme of workersrsquo participation through governmental a plant
policies are some of the areas which set the boundaries of
present chapter
The extension of organizational responsibility to who man
instrumentally which served the industrial organization as
worker or employee has expanded the horizons of industrial
philosophy in India Since the evolution of the idea of socialistic
patterns of society the workers as one of the primary
constituents of the industrial society have attracted increasing
attention from all sector of the community
Workerrsquos participation is broad concept It varies from country to
country an industry to industry Its main aim is to seek co-
operation of those engaged in the production in the fields of
ethical politico-social and economic So for as the ethical kind is
concerned participation is conceived of as a means of
developing personality satisfying human urge for self
expression and recognizing the dignity of man as man
Employee participation in management is nothing new It is as
the institution of owners and workers But it important has
25
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
increase and has been brought into sharp focus with industrial
revolution and the advent of large enterprises
Management refers to the constitution of consultative councils
and committees comprising representative of employees and
employers to recommend step for improving productivity
machine utilization job loading for effecting saving in power
light for identifying lazy workers safety so on and so forth
MEANING OF PARTICIPATIVE
MANAGEMENT
In its broads sense employee participation means associating
representativersquos of workers at every stage of decision ndashmaking
as is done informer east Germany amp Yugoslavia Participative
management is considered as a process by which the workerrsquos
share in decision- making extends beyond the decisions that are
implicit in the specific contents of the jobs they do This in
actual practice amounts to the workers having a share in the
reaching of final management decisions in an enterprise
The workerrsquos participation has been differently defined by
sociologists psychologists economists and lawyers The
sociologists view workerrsquos participation as an instrument of
varying potentialities to improve industrial relations and
promote industrial peace The psychologists consider
participation as a mental and emotional involvement of a person
in a group situation which encourages workers to share
managerial responsibility
26
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
According to them workerrsquos participation is a psychological
process by which encourages workerrsquos become self- involved in
an establishment and see that it works successfully The
economists think that the real basis of workersrsquo participation is
the higher productivity of labour and utilization of collective
conditions of production Lawyers however view workerrsquos
participation asn a legal obligation upon the management to
permit and provide for involvement of workers of industrial
establishment through proper representation of workers at all
levels of management in the entire range of managerial section
DEFINITION
A clear and more comprehensive definition is
1 Workerrsquos participation may broadly be taken to cover all
terms of association of workerrsquos and their representatives
with the decision making process ranging from exchange
of information consultations decisions and negotiations to
more in institutionalized from such as the presence of the
workerrsquos member of management or supervisory boards or
even management by workerrsquos them self practiced in
Yugoslavia (According to ILO)
2 Worker participation in management is synonymous with
co-determination- a terms popularly used informer east
Germany to describe this participation Participation
management is also called employee involvement
27
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
3 Participation management refers to the process of
involving employees or employer representative at all
levels of decision making Co-determination is another
terms of participative management
EVOLUTION OF PARTICIPATION
MANAGEMENT
Participative management is a constitutional commitment in
India Article 43-A of the Constitution 42nd Amendment provides
The State shall take steps by suitable legislation or in any
other5 way to secure the participation of workers in the
management of undertakings establishments or other
organizations engaged in any industry
A beginning towards workersrsquo participation was made with the passing of the industrial Dispute Act 1947 which made it
mandatory for every large industrial undertaking to constitute works committee comprising representative of employers and
employees In 1956 the Industrial Policy Resolution was adopted by the government which stated that there should be
some joint
consultation to ensure industrial peace and improve employer-
employee relations Subsequently a study team under the
chairmanship of Vishnu Sahay Secretary in the Ministry of
Labour Government of India was sent to the UK Sweden
France Belgium former West Germany and Yugoslavia to study
the problems involved in the scheme which was similar to the
28
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
British system of joint management councils and committees
The functions of these joint bodies were to be consultative and
were not binding on the management The response to the
scheme was very encouraging to start with Soon however
interest in it waned
Till now all the measures to introduce participative
management have been non ndash statutory The non- statutory
measures have obviously failed to elicit uniform response from
all employers Therefore the government introduced on May 30
1990 a bill- The Participation of Workers in Management Bill- in
the Rajya Sabha Three reasons have been advanced in support
of the bill
1 Step in tune with the Article 43 of the Constitution
2 The non statutory measures were not effective and
3 The statutory works committees have proved to be
ineffective
The committees were since then abolished
The bill requires every industrial enterprise to constitute one or
mere shop ndash floor councilsrsquo at the lsquoshop floor level and an
lsquoEstablishment Councilrsquo at the establishment level These
councils were to have and equal number of representatives of
employers and employees
A Shop- floor council has such powers and functions as it deems
necessary in relation to
1 Production
2 Storing
3 Materials economy
29
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
4 Operational problems
5 Wastage control
6 Hazards of safety problems
7 Quality improvement
8 Cleanliness
9 Monthly targets and production schedules
10 Cost- reduction efforts
11 Formulation and implementation of work- systems
12 Design group working and
13 Welfare measures particularly related to the shops
Modern management is so complex that no worker is in a
position to play an effective role at he micro- level in terms of
raising production and productivity Decision making on larger
issues is better left to specialist managers
But participative management is staging a come- back The
compulsions of emerging competitive environment have made
employee involvement more relevant than ever before Manager
and the managed are forced to forget their known stands break
barriers and work unitedly The old adag- lsquoa worker is a worker
a manager a manager never the twain shall meet should be
replaced by ldquomanager and worker are partners in the progress
of businessrdquo
30
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
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72
73
74
SCOPES AND WAYS OF PARTICIPATIN
There are three groups of international decisions which have a
direct impact on the workers of any industrial establishment
1 Social
2 Personnel
3 Economics
Social
Social decision relate to hours or work welfare measures
questions affecting work rules and the conduct of individual
workerrsquos safety health sanitation and noise control
Personnel
Personnel decisions refer to recruitment and selection
promotions demotions transfers grievance settlement work
distribution and so on
Economic
Economic decisions include financial aspects- the methods
of manufacturing automation shut- down lay- offs mergers
and similar other functions
31
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
But there is a difference of opinion about the scope and
the extent to which workers can participate in social personnel
and economic decisions One school of thought is of the opinion
that the workers or the trade unions should on parity basis sit
with the management as equal partners and make joint
managerial decision on all matters The other school propounds
the view that the workers should only be given and opportunity
through their representatives to influence managerial decision
at various levels The first view could lead to the workers actual
participation in the decision- making process of the
management while the second aspect will work out to be
consultation of workers in managerial decisions
METHOD OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT
32
Financial participation
Board level participation
Complete control
Ownership participation
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
REQUIRMENT ( PRE-CONDITINS) OF EFFECTIVE
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
It is suggested that to ensure effective workersrsquo participation in
management the following conditions must be fulfilled
(i) Democratic Attitude of Management
(ii) Strong Union
33
TQM
Empowered teams
Quality circles
Suggestion schemes
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
(iii) Mutual Trust and Faith
(iv) Clarity of Objectives of workersrsquo Participation
(v) Continuity
(vi) Cordial Industrial Relations
(vii) Training in Participation
WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION IN
MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
The idea of workersrsquo participation in management in India in
India has a long history Its initiation was made around 1910
when it was introduced in the textile industry Soon after the
First World War Tata Iron and Steel Company at Jamshedpur set
up a Works Committee with workersrsquo cooperation This
committee has to be Ahmedabad and Calcutta also Works
Committees were set up but with little success
The Royal Commission on Labour in India recommended
works committee at the plant and resolution of disputes The
fate of these committees also however was no better than
those set up earlier They could not make much headway After
1940 with the emergence of tripartite labour organization
(Which eventually became Indian Labour Conference) trade
unionists and political leaders made demand for labourrsquos
association with management But the scheme of joint
consultation got a firm legislative foundation only when the
Government of India enacted Industrial Disputes Act in 1947
The act made it obligatory for all units employing more than one
hundred workers to constitute works committees Since then the
Government has introduced several scheme of workersrsquo
34
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
participation in management of which Joint Management
Councils ( 1956) and shop Councils and Joint Councils (1975) are
of significance
WORKER PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT AN
INDIAN
SCENE
Indian is passing through a period of transition and demands
self-sufficiency in production Rapid industrialization is one of
the principal instruments for achieving economic growth It is a
means for the availability of goods and services in abundance
and larger job opportunities The success of the strategy for
economic development is dependant on the industrial
programme
In a developing country like India the key to the progress is
increased productivity A country cannot progress unless the
management and labour adopt a co-operative attitude towards
35
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
each other so that conflicting interesting do not hamper the
pace of productivity
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION
The form or way in which workers can and do participate in
management varies a great deal To some extent this variation
is related to the variations in the level of management subjects
or are as in which participation is sought as also the pattern of
labour management relationship prevalent in an organization
Miss Dorothea- de Scheweinitz in her research work lsquoLabour and
management in a Common Enterprisersquo describes three stages of
the development of labour management co-operation The first
stage is designated as information sharingrsquo in which an
employer looks upon the Joint Committee as a means of
informing Employees about business conditions and the outlook
of their company as well as telling them about changes in
operating methods before they are put into effect The second
stage of development is designated ldquoproblem sharingrdquo in which
the employer recognizes that workers can make a contribution
in certain areas such as material costs quality or waste etc and
that the management presents of development the
management indicates a willingness to have labour to initiate
ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour with certain safeguards is willing to contribute to the
operation of the business This stage is designated as Idea-
Sharingrsquo
According to KC Alexander the Important form in which
workers can participate in management are
36
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
1 Collective Bargaining
2 Joint Administration
3 Joint decision- making
4 Consultation and information sharing
IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATION
Participative management results in improved
performance Improved performance is the outcome of
three variables
1 Removal of conditions of powerlessness
2 Enhancement of self efficacy
3 Employee perception of empowerment
In other word
The greatest benefit of participative management is that the
employee identifies himself or herself with the work and this
leads to an improved performance
1 Participation tends to improve motivation because
employees feel more accepted and involved in the
situation
2 Self esteem job satisfaction and cooperation with the
management will also improve
3 Seduced conflict and stress
4 Employees may also reduce turnover and absence
5 Participation in itself establishes better communication
37
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
6 The Management tends to provide workers with
increased information about the organizations
7 Reduced industrial unrest
8 Reduced misunderstanding
9 Increased organization balance
10 Improve Communication
11 Higher productivity
12 Increased commitment
13 Industrial Democracy
14 Development of individual
15 Less resistance to change
LEVELS OF WORKERSrsquo PARTICIPATION
A review of management literature on participation reveals that
(since Elton Mayo first advocated the idea) three schools of
thought have emerged The first looks at participation as a
process of decision- making in which subordinates are allowed
to have a say in or to influence the decision- marking The
second views participation as actual
Influencing through Information sharing- According to he
first
view participation takes place when the management solicits
the opinion of workers before taking a decision
Joint Decision- making- Joint decision ndashmaking the workers
are active
38
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
participation in the process of decision- making Their
representatives sit across
the table with the representatives of management to take
important decisions
particularly on matters affecting the worker Workers may be
member of works
committee Joint management council etc
Self ndash Control- The essential feature of self- control (or self-
management) is that management and workers are not
visualized as two distinct groups but as active members with
equal voting rights Every member participates right from
decision- making to execution of decisions
MODES OF PARTICIPATION
Participation of workers in management of industrial enterprises
in achieved by the following methods-
Works Committee A works committee consists of equal
number of representative of both employers and workers It
meets frequently for discussion on common problems of the
workers and the management After discussion joint decisions
are taken and such decisions are binding on both the parties
Matters like wage payment bonus training discipline etc ate
discussed in such meetings Work committees are extremely
popular and effective in France and also in England
39
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
Joint management Council - Joint consultation scheme was
started in the UK with the formation of whitely Councils ( works
councils district council and national council) on the
recommendations of the whitely Committee which was
appointed by the British Government to recommend measures
for the permanent settlement of differences between the
workers and the management Joint consultation involves
setting up of joint committee represented by the workers and
the management to discuss and give suggestions for
improvement with regard to matters of mutual interest The
decisions of such committees are not binding on either party
yet they ate implemented as they arte arrived at by mutual
consultations The welfare safety measure grievance redressal
training working hours etc
Collective Bargaining ndash It is an industrial relations process in
which employees through their elected leaders participate on
equal basis with management and in redressing grievances of
the workers
Co- Partnership- In co- partnership workers are allowed to
purchase shares of the company and thus become its co-
owners In this way they can participate in the management of
the company through their elected representatives on the Board
of Directors As shareholders the workers can also attend
general meeting of shareholders and exercise their voting
rights
Worker ndash Director - Should labour association with
management result in a workersrsquo representative being given a
seat on the board of directors Many trade unionists have
themselves pointed out such and idea is illogical In countries
40
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
where the trade unions are very strong as in Britain and USA
the trade union definitely reject the idea
A workers- director would be in a minority and thus his view
would carry little weight with the Board
Suggestion scheme - Under suggestion scheme the workers
are encouraged to give their suggestions to the management on
various administrative matters and their suggestions are
considered carefully and accepted if found suitable In addition
rewards are also given to those who make constructive
suggestions
Grievance Procedure - A grievance procedure also providers
an opportunity to the workers to participate in decisions on
matters affecting their interests It is established for an early
settlement of workers grievances
Quality Circle- A quality circle is a unique concept which
provides for voluntary participation by the workers in the
direction of quality improvement and self development Quality
circle firs originated in Japan during 1962 and then spread too
many other countries
SCHEME FOR EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT
IN NTPC
Introduction - The scheme will be applicable to all central public
sector undertaking accept those undertaking which are giving
specifics exception from the operation of the scheme by the
administrative ministrydepartment consumer in consultation
41
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
with the department of labour taking into account the nature of
the undertaking the product it is manufacturing etc
Any undertaking of the central government which is
departmentally However will be excluded from this new
scheme
STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME
The scheme salary operated both at the shop floor and plant
levels in all public sector undertaking as regard participation at
the board level The administrative ministry department council
will draw in constitution with the department of labour A list of
undertaking which it considered would be suitable for
introduction of the scheme at the board level also This list will
be reviewed from time to time with a view bringing in as
meaning undertaking as possible scope
REPRESENTATIVE
The representation of the worker at shop floor and plant level
would covered different categories of worker such as skilled an
unskilled technical amp Non- technical Managerial personnel
would be excluded but supervisory category such as foreman
charge man etc would be covered both the worker and the
management will get equal representation at the shop floor and
plant level forum Each party have a representation of five takes
member depending on the size workforce The exact number
would be arrived at by the management in consultation with the
42
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
trade union leader in the under taking the management will also
consult the concerned trade union leader and evolve through
consensus the made for representation of worker at all level at
which the scheme would be implemented
The management trade union leader would ensure that there is
adequate representation for woman in the participative forum
where woman workers constitute 10 or more of the total work
force The management would also ensure that adequate
provision as made to safe guard workers
Independence from management pressure so as to ensure
worker protection against any harassment or victimization
FUNCTION
The participative arrangement may cover the following function
at different levels
AShop level- Production facilities storages foul in shop
material economy operational problem wastage control
hazards safety target and production schedule construction
program formulation and implementation work system design
group working welfare major related particularly to the shop
B Plant level- Operational area
a Evolution of productivity scheme taking into
account the local condition
b Planning implementation of undertaking an
revised of monthly target and schedule
43
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
c Material supply and its short full
d Storages amp inventories
e House keeping
f Improvement in productivity in general and in a
critical area in particular
g Encouragement to and consideration of suggestion
h Quality and technological improvement
i Machine Utilization knowledge and development of
new product
j Operational performance figure
k Matter not resolved at the shop level or
concerning more than one shop
l Review of the working of the shop level bodies
ECONOMIC amp FINANCIAL AREA
1 Profit amp loss statement balance sheet
2 Review of operating expenses Financial Result
cost of rules
3 Plant performance in financial terms labour amp
managerial cost Market Condition etc
PERSONNEL MATTER
1 Absenteeism
2 Special Problem woman worker
44
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
3 Intimation and supper vision of worker training
programs
4 Administration of social security scheme
WELFARE AREA
1 Operational details
2 implementation of welfare scheme medical
benefit and transport facility
3 Safety major
4 Sports amp Game lsquo
5 Housing
6 Township Administration canteen etc
7 Control of gambling drinking
ENVIRMENTAL AREA
1 Extension activities amp communities development
project
2 Pollution Control
BOARD LEVEL
At the board level the workers representative will participate in
all the function of the board
One of the special function assigned to the board would be
covering the work shop amp plant level participating forum
WORKING OF THE FORUM
At the shop floor amp Plant level the participating forum will to
arrived at a decision by consensus but ware no mutually
45
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
acceptable consensus emerges they will refer the matter for
the next fire forum
MODIFICATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE
FORUM
The scope of the function can be modified by mutual consensus
between the worker in the management
MONITERING OF THE SCHEME
As time bound programme for implementation of the scheme
with in ONE YEAR will be drawn up by the administrative
ministries department concerned the programme of the
working of the scheme in individual undertaking will be
reviewed quarterly
GENERALS
No legislation would be undertaking immediately give any
legislative backing to the scheme such as step would however
be considered after educate experience has been gained in the
working of the scheme
PARTICIPATIVE FORUM
46
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
1 Safety committee
2 Township Advisory committee
3 Joint Plant Project level council
4 Shop Department level council
5 Canteen management committee
6 Employee welfare Committee
7 Sports Council
8 House Allotment Committee
Participative Forums in NTPC
10 PREAMBLE
In order to bring about a sense of involvement and effective
participation amongst the employees at various levels towards a
coordinated and determined effort for better all-round performance
and improved efficiency it is imperative to provide institutionalized
forums for joint participationconsultation of the employees in the
timely completion of projects and their smooth functioning It is
desirable to have such forums not only in the areas of
constructionproduction productivityefficiency target-setting
reduction of cost elimination of waste safety house-keeping and
physical working conditions etc but also in the areas of day-to-day
concern of the employees away from their workplace such as in the
areas of recreation and cultural activities horticulture environment
etc
20 PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
21 With the above broad objective of giving a sense of oneness
with the organization and the feeling of involvement to make
47
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
employees feel about the various measures in hand for
improving their working and living conditions to make use of
the valuable suggestions put forth by the employees for the
benefit of the organization and the personnel working in it it is
desirable to have various institutionalized forums
22 During the construction stage when even the first unit has not
been commissioned keeping in view the employee strength
and other relevant factors the following committees may be
constituted to start with
221 Safety Committee
222 Township Advisory Committee
23 During the phase when both generation and construction
activities are going on simultaneously as well as after
completion of construction activities the participative forums
would be as follows
231 Safety Committee
232 Township Advisory Committee
233 Joint PlantProject Level Council
234 ShopDepartmental Level Council
235 Canteen Management Committee
236 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
237 Sports Council
238 House Allotment Committee
48
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
30 SAFETY COMMITTEE
31 Objective
The objective of the Safety Committee would be to create
safety consciousness among employees and suggest ways and
measure to the management for creating safe working
conditions and a safe working culture
32 Constitution
The constitution of the Safety Committee would be as follows
321 Dy General Manager ndash Chairman
322 ManagerDy Manager from ErectionOperation
323 Safety Officer ndash Secretary
324 Officer(HR-Welfare)
325 One Executive from Civil Construction Department
326 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Mechanical Erection
327 Senior-most employee in the Supervisory category from
Electrical Erection
328 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Mechanical Erection
329 Senior-most employee in the Workman category from
Electrical Erection
33 Meetings
The Committee will meet once in three months or at such
frequent intervals as felt necessary The Safety Officer who
would work as the Member Secretary will do necessary follow-up
49
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
for the implementation of conclusions reached at in these meetings
40 TOWNSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE
41 Objective
The objective of the Township Advisory Committee would be to
advise the management in the administration of matters
relating to municipal affairs and township maintenance and to
make suggestions for the provision of township facilities
horticulture and environment etc
51 Constitution
The constitution of the SLC would be as follows
1 Head of Department ndash Chairman
2 An Executive from the HR Department ndash Secretary
3 The number of representatives of employees and the
Management would be equal and would vary between 8
and 12 depending on the employee strength
The Management representatives would be
recommended by the Heads of Department and
approved by the Head of Project They would consist of
representatives from the Supervisory category whose
number would be 1 or 2 depending on whether the total
number of Management representatives is 4 or 6
Workers representatives would be elected by secret
ballot
The members once nominated or elected would hold
position for one year Any vacancies arising during the
term would be filled in the same manner as mentioned
earlier but only for the remaining period of the term
52 Terms of Reference
50
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
1 Assist Management in achieving monthlyyearly
generationconstruction targets
2 Improvement of production productivity and efficiency
including elimination of wastage and optimum utilization
of machine capacity and manpower
3 Specifically identify areas of low productivity and take
necessary corrective steps at shop level to eliminate
relevant contributing factors
4 To study absenteeism in the shopsdepartment and
recommend steps to reduce them
5 Safety measures
6 Assist in maintaining general discipline in the
shopdepartment
7 Physical working conditions such as lighting ventilation
noise dust etc and reduction of fatigue
8 Welfare and health measure to be adopted for efficient
running of the shopdepartment and
9 Ensure proper flow of adequate two-way communication
between the management and the workers particularly
on matters relating to production figures production
schedules and progress in achieving targets
53 Meetings
The Council will meet once in a month or at such frequent
intervals as felt necessary The Secretary of the Council will
prepare the minutes of the discussions and will follow-up the
implementation of the conclusions
60 OTHER PARTICIPATIVE FORUMS
A number of other participative forums would be set up to deal with
specific areas as mentioned below and would comprise of equal number
of employee and management representatives
51
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
61 Canteen Management Committee
Day-to-day issues of Plant canteen management
62 Employeesrsquo Welfare Committee
Organising welfare recreational and cultural activities
63 Sports Council
Promoting sports consciousness
64 House Allotment Committee
Allotment of house to entitled employees
70 REFERENCES
71 Approval of Policy paper on Participative Forums by the
Management Committee in their meetings held on 30041985 amp
01051980
72 CPC No 5580 dated 19061980
73 Decision taken in the 9th meeting of the Heads of Personnel
held on 2nd amp 3rd October 1981 and circulation of ldquoPolicy Documents
on Welfare Facilities for NTPC employeesrdquo
74 Decision taken in the meeting of GMs and PMs in April-
1982 and the ldquoScheme of Workersrsquo Participation in Managementrdquo as
set out in the annexure to the minutes of the said meeting
75 Scheme of Employeesrsquo Participation in Management
circulated vide Corporate Personnel Division endorsement No
01Pers29(3) dated 21081984
52
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
for the provision of township facilities horticulture and
environment etc
METHODOLOGY
The procedure using which researchers go about their work of describing explaining and predicting phenomena is called Methodology Methods compromise the procedures used for generating collecting and evaluating data Methods are the ways of obtaining information useful for assessing explanation
DATA COLLECTION
After completion of Questionnaire the researcher edited the data collected For further processing the data have been entered in table with the help of master table other calculations were carried out with the help of scientific calculator
NATURE OF DATA
53
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
The quality of data can be expressed in the terms of its representative features of the reality which can be ensured by the usage of fitting data collected method
PRIMARY DATA
The primary data are collected from the Contract Workers of NTPC (Shaktinagar) The major tool that has been used for collecting data in this study is an Questionnaire method
SECONDARY DATA
Company profiles websites magazines articles were used widely as a support to primary data The secondary data has been collected from various records files amp registers from the factory and journals pamphlets internet etchellip
SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA
1 Journals
2 Books
3 Magazine
RESEARCH DESIGN - To know about the present condition or
status regarding particular item or group of item description
research is conducted The descriptive research is descriptive of
54
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
the state of affair as it exists at present Such a result e was
required in analytical form The survey was conducted using
questionnaire method By using this method we found the
present situation the finding and its analysis is described in the
further parts
SAMPLE SIZE - Sample size refers to the number of the person
to be selected from the universe for conducting a survey I have
selected the sample size of sixty
SELECTION OF STUDY AREA - the SURVEY has been carried
out in NTPC SINGRAULI (SHAKTINAGAR)
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE - As the universe is quit large so a
relatively small group of individual is selected for representing
the whole universe
55
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
56
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMName DateDepartment Please tick the relevant
1 2 3 4 5
Strongly Disagree Disagree Somewhat Agree Agree Strongly Agree
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are coducted in a proper manner
6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
Note Please give your valuable suggestions for improving the low score areas
Sl No Suggestions1
57
UnionAssociation representativeManagement representative
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
2345
STUDY ON EFFECTIVENESS OF PARTICIPATIVE FORUMनाम दिनाकविभाग क13 पया सही क विनाशाना लगए
1 2 3 4 5
परण रप स असहमत असहमत क छ सहमत सहमत परण रप स सहमत
करमस
Attributes 1 2 3 4 5
1 सहभागित मच क बठक समय स आयजित क त ह
2 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर गिसतरपक चच क त ह
3 मर दवार दि+य ए सझा इस मच क मधयम स सह परकर स ला गिकए त ह
4 सहभागित मच दवार दि+य ए सझा गि1त-परगितदि+1 क कय क उतक3 षट रप स कर1 म हमर सहयत करत ह
5 सहभागित मच क बठक क सचला1 सह तरक स गिकय त ह
6 मझा लात ह क सहभागित मच क स+सय ह1 क कररण सठ1 क परगित मर समपरण भा बढ़ा ह
7 मर अ1सर सहभागित मच परबध1 ए कमचरिरय क बच एक ससथ सबध सथगिपत कर1 म सहयत करत ह
8 सहभागित मच सह गि1रणय ला1 ए समसयओ क समध1 म हमर म++ करत ह
9 सहभागित मच क स+सयत स मर कय कशला म सधर हआ ह
10 सहभागित मच म उठए ए मददो पर परबध1 दवार गिब1 गिकस पकषपत क चच क त ह
नाट क13 पया सहीभाविगता मच क परभा बनाना हीता अपना बहमलया सझा amp
58
याविनायाना एसशिशाएशाना परविताविनाधि परबना परविताविनाधि
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
करमस सझा12345
SURVEY REPORT
Sample sizehellip(60)
59
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
Q1 I feel that the meetings of participative forums are conducted timely
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 33 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
Q2 I feel that the issues raised in the participative forum are discussed properly
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 03 ]
60
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
3
27
24
3
Ans(2)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q3 I feel my ideas and suggestions are implemented properly through this forum
A Strongly Disagree [03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 0 ]
E Somewhat Agree [15 ]
61
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
3
21
21
2
Ans(3)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q4 I feel that the suggestions given through these forums are helpful in improving day to day working
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 15 ]
62
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
6
21
18
15
Ans (4)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q5 I feel that the meetings of the participative forums are conducted in a proper manner
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 24 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [12 ]
63
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
3
21
24
12
Ans(5)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q6 I feel that being a member of this participative forum has improved my commitment towards the organization
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 12 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 09 ]
64
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
6
12
30
39
Ans(6)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q7 I think that the participative forum fosters a healthy relationship among employee and the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 27 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 15 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
65
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
3
27
15
3
12
Ans(7)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q8 I feel that the participative forum facilitates better decision making and problem solving
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 18 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 18 ]
D Disagree [ 03 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 18 ]
66
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
3
18
183
18
Ans(8)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
Q9 I think that participative forum has increased the quantitative and qualitative skills of members
A Strongly Disagree [ 06 ]
B Agree [ 21 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 21 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
67
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
6
21
21
12
Ans(9)
strongly disagreeAgreestrongly agreeDisagreesomewhat agree
Q10 I feel that the issues raised up are impartially discussed and accepted by the management
A Strongly Disagree [ 03 ]
B Agree [ 15 ]
C Strongly Agree [ 30 ]
D Disagree [ 00 ]
E Somewhat Agree [ 12 ]
68
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
3 15
30
12
Ans (10)
strongly disagree
Agree
strongly agree
Disagree
somewhat agree
CONCLUSIONS
By the survey I can conclude that
A) Most of the respondent are stoongly agree that Participative
management meeting is conducted timely at NTPC
B) Most of the respondent are somewhat agree that Participative
forum foster a healthy relationship among the employee and the
management
69
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
C) Some of the respondent are disagree amp most of them are strongly
agree that it secures mutual co-operation of employees amp
employers
D) Almost all of the respondent are fully agree that it helps in greater
efficiency amp productivity in the interest of the enterprise but
most of them partly disagree
E) Most of the respondent are fully agree that it improves the healthy
relationship among employees ampemployers amp some are partly
agree
F) Most of the workers wants that some serious and productive
question should be raised rather than small and unproductive one
Few of them do not actively participate in the working
70
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PCTripathi
Psubhrao
PARTICIPARIVE MANAGEMENT
GVernadani
HUMAN RESOURCE amp PARSSONAL MAMAGEMENT
KAswanthappa
71
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
MAGZINES
Vidyut Bharti by ndash Central Authority Quarterly journal
Ntpc Horizon by NTPC Quarterly
Shakti Sandesh Monthly
Vidut Swar Quarterly
NTPC News Monthly Vol I II
WEBSITES
Intranet NTPC
Googlecom
hrmediacom
ntpccom
Singraulicom
72
73
74
73
74
74