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Bipolar Disorder
What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychological disorder that is characterized by episodes if depression alternating with episodes of mania.
During a depressive stage of BD, patients exhibit the symptoms of major depression. Patient with BD also display signs of mania.
Face of Bipolar Disorder
Clinical Manifestations
Depression Mania
Sleep problems Decreased need for sleep
Low or increased appetite Risky behavior
Suicidal thoughts or behavior Racing thought/Rapid speech
Fatigue Agitation or irritation
Loss of interest in personal appearance or sex
Increased physical activity/Increased sex drive
Delusions or hallucinations Euphoria/Psychosis
Lack of self-worth Inflated self-esteem
Vague physical symptoms Poor judgment
Inability to concentrate or make decisions
Careless or dangerous use of drugs or alcohol
Other Signs and Symptoms
Seasonal changes in mood Rapid cycling bipolar disorder Psychosis
Risk Factors
Having blood relatives such as a parent or sibling with bipolar disorder
Drug or alcohol abuse Major life changes (death of a loved
one) Periods of high stress
Diagnostic Testing
For a patient to be diagnosed with bipolar disorder, manic symptoms must be present for at least one week.
To be diagnosed with BD, the patient must meet the criteria listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM). Diagnostic criteria for BD are based on the specific type of BD.
Other testing may include a physical exam, laboratory testing, psychological evaluation, and mood charting.
Pharmacotherapy
The traditional treatment for bipolar disorder of Lithium may be used by itself or in combination with other drugs.
Antiseizure drugs have proven effective agents in mood stabilization.
Atypical antipsychotics have also been effective as mood stabilizers.
Most Common Evidence-Based Treatment Modalities for BD
Lithium Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Valproic acid (Depakote,
Depakene) Aripiprazole (Abilify) Asenapine (Saphris) Olenzapine (Zyprexa) Quetiapine (Seroquel) Risperidone (Risperdal) Ziprasidone (Geodon)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Psychoeducation Family therapy Group therapy Transcranial magnetic
stimulation Electroconvulsive therapy
(ECT) Hospitalization
YouTube
Copy and paste the link below into your web browser to view a short YouTube video on the five types of bipolar disorder.
http://youtube.com/watch?v=fyJn_3LkE8w&feature=youtu.be
Site Evaluation
This video proved to be very informative regarding bipolar disorder and the different symptoms associated with each type.
However, the video did not discuss treatment options for patients with bipolar disorder.
References
Adams, M.P., Holland, L.N., & Urban, C.Q. (2014). Pharmacology for nurses: A pathophysiologic approach (4th ed.).
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bipolar-disorder/DS00356/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs