Upload
shahzad-sundrani
View
220
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
1/64
Chapter
4
Computer Software
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
2/64
2
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Learning Objectives
Describe several important trends occurring incomputer software.
Give examples of several major types of applicationand system software.
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
3/64
3
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Learning Objectives (continued)
Explain t e purpose of several popular softwarepac!ages for end user productivity and collaborativecomputing.
Outline t e functions of an operating system.
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
4/64
4
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Learning Objectives (continued)
Describe t e main uses of software programminglanguages and tools.
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
5/64
5
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"ection #
$pplication "oftware%End &ser $pplications
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
6/64
6
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"oftware
'ypes of software $pplication software
"ystem software
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
7/64
7
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"oftware (continued)
$pplication software for end users $pplication specific
General purposeerform common information processing jobs
"ometimes !nown as productivity pac!ages
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
8/64
8
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"oftware "uites and #ntegrated ac!ages
"uites are a number of productivity pac!ages bundled toget er
*icrosoft OfficeLotus "mart"uite+orel ,ord erfect Office"un "tarOffice
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
9/64
9
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"oftware "uites and #ntegrated ac!ages (continued)
$dvantages of suites+ost"imilar grap ical user interface" are common tools
rograms are designed to wor! toget er
Disadvantages of suitesLarge si-e
*any features never used by many end users
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
10/64
10
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"oftware "uites and #ntegrated ac!ages (continued)
#ntegrated ac!ages+ombine "O*E of t e features of several programs+annot do as muc as individual pac!ages or suites
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
11/64
11
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
,eb rowsers
/ey software interface to t e yperlin!ed resourcesof t e ,orld ,ide ,eb and t e rest of t e #nternet
#nternet Explorer0etscape +ommunicatorGoogle c rome*o-illa 1irefox
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
12/64
12
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Electronic *ail and #nstant *essaging
E *ail2as c anged t e way people wor! and communicate
#nstant *essaging $n e mail3computer conferencing ybrid (mix) tec nology $llows real time communication3collaboration
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
13/64
13
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
,ord rocessing and Des!top ublis ing
,ord rocessing(*icrosoft ,ord)2as computeri-ed t e creation4 editing4 revision4 and printing ofdocuments. $dvanced features
Des!top ublis ingDesign and print newsletters4 broc ures4 manuals4 and boo!s
age design processage ma!eup or page composition
,5"#,5G (w at you see is w at you get)
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
14/64
14
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Electronic "preads eets
&sed for business analysis4 planning4 and modeling#nvolves designing its format and developing t erelations ips (formulas)
Example *icrosoft Excel
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
15/64
15
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Electronic "preads eets (continued)
$llows end users to perform% , at if (condition)Goal see!ing (decision)"ensitivity analysis (Google it)
"trengt+omputation and calculation
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
16/64
16
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Database *anagement
erforms four primary tas!sDatabase development
Define3organi-e content4 relations ips4 and structure of t e data
Database #nterrogation"electively retrieve and display information
roduce forms4 reports4 6 ot er documents
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
17/64
17
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Database *anagement (continued)
1our primary tas!s (continued)Database maintenance
$dd4 delete4 update4 and correct t e data
$pplication developmentDevelop prototypes of web pages4 7ueries4 forms4 reports4 andlabels (*icrosoft $ccess)
18
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
18/64
18
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Database *anagement (continued)
"trengt"torage of large amounts of data
,ea!ness+omputation and calculation Only
19
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
19/64
19
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
resentation Grap ics
2elps convert numeric data into grap icdisplays( ower oint4grap s)2elps prepare multimedia presentations
Easy to use
20
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
20/64
20
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
ersonal #nformation *anagers
1or end user productivity and collaboration"tore4 organi-e4 and retrieve information
#nformation about customers $ppointments+ontact lists'as! lists"c edules
21
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
21/64
21
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Groupware
+ollaboration software2elps wor!groups and teams wor! toget er toaccomplis group assignments
+ombines a variety of software features and functionsE mailDiscussion groups and databases"c eduling'as! management $udio and videoconferencingData s aring
22
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
22/64
22
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Ot er usiness "oftware
23
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
23/64
23
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"ection ##
"ystem "oftware%+omputer "ystem *anagement
24
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
24/64
24
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"ystem "oftware Overview
rograms t at manage and support a computersystem and its information processing activities
"erves as t e software interface between computernetwor!s and ardware and t e applicationprograms of end users#nterface between ardware 6 end users
25
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
25/64
25
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
"ystem "oftware Overview (continued)
'wo major categories"ystem management programs
Operating systems
0etwor! management programsDatabase management systems"ystem utilities
"ystem development programs
rogramming language translators 6 editors+$"E (computer aided software engineering)
26
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
26/64
26
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Operating "ystems
#ntegrated system of programs t at*anages t e operations of t e + &+ontrols t e input3output and storage resources and activitiesof t e computer system
rovides various support services as t e computer executesapplication programs
27
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
27/64
27
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Operating "ystems (continued)
erforms five basic functionsrovides a user interface $llows umans to communicate wit t e computer
+ommand driven (DO")*enu driven (,#0DO,")Grap ical user interface (Gs)
28
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
28/64
28
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Operating "ystems (continued)
1ive basic functions (continued)8esource management
*anages t e ardware and networ!ing resources of t e system 9irtual memory capability
29
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
29/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Operating "ystems (continued)
1ive basic functions (continued)
1ile management+ontrols t e creation4 deletion4 and access of files of data andprograms/eeps trac! of t e p ysical location of filesExample ,indows $gain
30
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
30/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Operating "ystems (continued)
1ive basic functions (continued)
'as! management*anages t e accomplis ment of t e computing tas!s of end users
*ultitas!ing*ultiprogramming'imes aring
31
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
31/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Operating "ystems (continued)
opular Operating "ystems ,indows
:;4 :
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
32/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Operating "ystems (continued)
opular operating systems (continued)&0#?Linux*ac O" ? ($ppple)
33
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
33/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
0etwor! *anagement rograms
erform functions suc as $utomatically c ec!ing client +s and video terminals forinput3output activity $ssigning priorities to data communication re7uests from
clients and terminalsDetecting and correcting transmission errors and ot ernetwor! problems"ometimes functions as middleware t at allows diversenetwor!s to communicate wit eac ot er
Example Internet communications
34
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
34/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Database *anagement "ystems
+ontrols t e development4 use4 and maintenance ofdatabases.2elps organi-ations use t eir integrated collections
of data records and files $llows different user application programs to easilyaccess t e same database"implifies t e process of retrieving information fromdatabases
35
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
35/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Ot er "ystem *anagement rograms
&tility rogramserform miscellaneous ouse!eeping and file conversion
functionsData bac!upData recovery 9irus protection (*c$fee)Data compression (,in@ip)Data defragmentation
erformance monitors and security monitors
36
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
36/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming Languages
$llows a programmer to develop t e sets ofinstructions t at constitute a computer program
*ac ine Language1irst generation language ,ritten using binary codes uni7ue to eac computer
37
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
37/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming Languages (continued)
$ssembler Language"econd generation8e7uires language translator programs called assemblers $llows a computer to convert t e instructions into mac ine
instructions1re7uently called symbolic language
38
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
38/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming Languages (continued)
2ig level Languages ( +obol4 1O8'8$0)' ird generation&ses instructions4 called statements4 t at use brief statements orarit metic expressions
&ses translator programs called compilers or interpreters"yntax and semantics
39
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
39/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming Languages (continued)
1ourt generation Languages (AGLs)*ore nonprocedural and conversational t an prior languages0atural languagesEase of use gained at t e expense of some loss in flexibility
40
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
40/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming Languages (continued)
Object Oriented Languages (OO )'ies data elements to t e procedures or actions t at will beperformed on t em into BobjectsCEasier to use and more efficient for programming Gs
GOOGLE IT
41
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
41/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming Languages (continued)
2'*L4 ?*L4 and ava#mportant for building multimedia ,eb pages4 websites4 and ,eb based applications2'*L (2ypertext *ar!up Language)
$ page description language t at creates ypertext or ypermediadocuments
42
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
42/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming Languages (continued)
?*L (e?tensible *ar!up Language)Describes t e contents of web pages by applying identifying tags orcontextual labels to t e data*a!es t e web site more searc able4 sortable4 and easier toanaly-e
avaDesigned for real time4 interactive4 ,eb based networ!applications (+2E+/ 1$+E OO/") $pplets
43
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
43/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming "oftware("ystem Development rograms)
2elps programmers develop computer programs'wo basic categories
rogramming language translators
rogramming tools
44
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
44/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming "oftware (continued)
Language 'ranslator rograms $ssembler
'ranslates symbolic instruction codes into mac ine languageinstructions
+ompiler'ranslates ig level language statements
#nterpreter'ranslates and executes eac statement in a program one at a time
45
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
45/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
rogramming "oftware (continued)
rogramming 'oolsrogramming editors and debuggersrovides a computer aided programming environment
Diagramming pac!ages
+ode generatorsLibraries of reusable objects 6 code+$"E (+omputer $ided "oftware Engineering)
46
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
46/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Discussion uestions
, at major trends are occurring in softwareF , atcapabilities do you expect to see in future softwarepac!agesF
2ow do t e different roles of system software andapplication software affect you as a business enduserF 2ow do you see t is c anging in t e futureF
47
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
47/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Discussion uestions (continued)
, y is an operating system necessaryF , y can t anend user just load an application program in acomputer and start computingF
" ould a ,eb browser be integrated into anoperating systemF
48
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
48/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Discussion uestions (continued)
$re software suites4 ,eb browsers4 and groupwaremerging toget erF , at are t e implications for a business and its end usersF
2ow are 2'*L4 ?*L4 and ava affecting businessapplications on t e ,ebF
49
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
49/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
Discussion uestions (continued)
Do you t in! ,indows =>>> and Linux will surpass&nix and 0etware as operating systems for networ!and ,eb serversF
, ic application software pac!ages are t e mostimportant for a business end user to !now ow touseF
50
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
50/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase H I #ntuit #nc.
, y as #ntuit s success improved under ennett sleaders ipF
, at are several t ings #ntuit could do tosuccessfully compete wit *icrosoft and ot ers int e futureF
51
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
51/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase H (continued)
, y does #ntuit dominate its small businesssoftware mar!et segmentF
, at software products and services does #ntuitave t at mig t support ennett s strategy to appealto larger small businessesF
52
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
52/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase H (continued)
Do you agree wit +EO ennett s strategy to ave#ntuit compete wit *icrosoft in t e software mar!et
for larger small businessesF
53
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
53/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase = I $ma-on4 Orbit-4 and Ot ers
' e usiness +ase for Linux
, at are t e business and tec nical benefits of
switc ing from proprietary systems to Linux on#ntel based serversF
54
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
54/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase = (continued)
, y can Linux ma!e a strategic difference in t eprofitability of some companiesF
, at are t e limitations of Linux for business useF
55
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
55/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase = (continued)
" ould most companies investigate t e use of Linuxfor t eir businessesF
, y or w y notF
56
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
56/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase J I urlington +oat 1actory and Ot ers
Evaluating "oftware "uite $lternatives
, at is t e business case for switc ing from
*icrosoft Office to alternatives li!e "un "tarOffice orgobe roductiveF
57
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
57/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase J (continued)
, at is t e business case against suc a switc F
, at are t e wea!nesses of t e BOfficeCcompetitorsF
58
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
58/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase J (continued)
, at are several business or tec nicalimprovements t e developers of "un "tarOffice orgobe roductive could ma!e to better compete wit*icrosoft OfficeF
59
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
59/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase A I +lar! 8etail 6 Ot ers
Evaluating Operating "ystem &pgrades
, y do many companies ave no plans to switc to
,indows ? F
60
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
60/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase A (continued)
, at is a business case for switc ing to ,indows? F
, at is a business case against switc ingF
61
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
61/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase A (continued)
, at are several improvements you would li!e tosee *icrosoft ma!e in t e next version of ,indowsF
62
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
62/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase ; I Dollar 8ent $ +ar 6 #mperial "ugar
ioneering ,eb "ervices
, at are ,eb servicesF
2ow are t ey usedF
63
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
63/64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ll right
8eal ,orld +ase ; (continued)
, at is t e purpose and business value of ,ebservicesF
, at is delaying t e implementation of ,eb servicesat many companiesF
64
7/21/2019 Bit - Chap 04n
64/64
8eal ,orld +ase ; (continued)
, at can companies do now to prepare toimplement ,eb servicesF
, at do you see as t e future for ,eb servicesF