Black France/France Noire edited by Trica Danielle Keaton, T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting and Tyler Stovall

7/31/2019 Black France/France Noire edited by Trica Danielle Keaton, T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting and Tyler Stovall

1/29

Dlghf Otgkhe ) Otgkhe kijte

t j h g M g k j e l l e F e g } i k , + M e k e g k X b g t ~ l e z! S b j } j k c

g k m z l e t X } i vg l l , e m j } i t x

] B ^ o Df


2/29

Dlghf Otgkhe ) Otgkhe Kijte


3/29

Dlghf Otgkhe ) Otgkhe Kijte

]be Bjx}itz gkm ^ilj}jhx io Dlghfkexx

}tjhg mgkjelle feg}ik,

}+ mekegk xbgt~lez!sbj}jkc,

gkm }zlet x}ivgll,

emj}itx

Mufe Ukjvetxj}z ^texx

mutbga likmik

4>74


4/29

4>74 Mufe Ukjvetxj}z ^texx

Gll tjcb}x texetvem+

^tjk}em jk }be Ukj}em X}g}ex io Gaetjhg

ik ghjm!otee ~g~et -

Mexjckem dz H+ B+ Sex}aitelgkm

]z~exe} jk Gtki ^ti dz Fezx}ike ]z~exe}}jkc, Jkh+Ljdtgtz io Hikctexx Hg}glicjkc!jk!^udljhg}jik Mg}g

g~~egt ik }be lgx} ~tjk}em ~gce io }bjx diif+


5/29

Oit Miti}bz @+ Bilagk,

sj}b gll live gkm g~~tehjg}jik

Jk aeaitjga0Gja Hxgjte, Ajhbel Ogdte, Iuxagke Xeadke,

miugtm Cljxxgk}


6/29

Hik}ek}x

oitesitm

Dlghf + + + G Hilit9 G Fglejmixhi~e'

Hbtjx}jgke ]gudjtg jrghfkislemcaek}x rv

jk}timuh}jik

Dlghfkexx Ag}}etx, Dlghfkexx Agme }i Ag}}et]tjhg Mgkjelle Feg}ik, ]tghz Xbgt~lez!Sbj}jkc,

gkm ]zlet X}ivgll 7

~gt} j

]beitjpjkc gkm Kgttg}jkc Dlghfkexx gkm Delikcjkc

Dlghf Otgkhe0 Az}b it Teglj}z9^tidleax io Jmek}j}z gkm Jmek}jhg}jik

Eljxgde}b Aumjade!Dizj 73

]be Lix} ]ettj}itjex io }be Te~udljh0 Bjx}itjhgl Kgttg}jvex gkm}be Tehia~ixj}jik io Otekhb Hj}jpekxbj~

Agagmiu Mjiuo 84

Eutgotjwue gx }be Ou}ute ^gx} io Dlghf Otgkhe0 Xgtfipzx

]ea~itgl Hikouxjik gkm Xekcbitx îx}sgt _jxjikCgtz Sjlmet 53

Le}}et }i OtgkheGlgjk Agdgkhfiu 22

Otekhb Ja~texxjikjxa@gfe Lgagt :?

~gt} jj

]be îlj}jhx io Dlghfkexxîlj}jhjpjkc Dlghfkexx]be Jkvek}jik io Dlghfx jk Otgkhe

^g}tjhf Lipx 7>8


7/29

vjjj hik}ek}x

Jaajctg}jik gkm Kg}jikgl Jmek}j}z jk OtgkheMiajkjh ]biagx 77>

Dlghf Otgkhe gkm }be Kg}jikgl Jmek}j}z Medg}e0Bis Dex} }i De Dlghf gkm Otekhb9

Otem Hikx}gk} 748

^gjk} J} Dlghf0Bis Gotjhgkx gkm Goti!Hgtjddegkx Dehgae Dlghf jk Otgkhe

Taz Dgpekcujxxg!Cgkcg 7=5

]be Wuex}jik io Dlghfkexx gkm }be Aeaitz io Xlgvetz0 Jkvjxjdjlj}z gkmOitce}}jkc gx _iluk}gtz Ojte gkm Xiae ^ztiagkjgh Ojtecb}etx

Ajhbel Cjtgum 738

~gt} jjj

Dlghf ^gtjxDlghf Otgkhe

]be Kes Kecti jk ^gtjx0Diifet ]+ Sgxbjkc}ik, }be Kes Kecti, gkm }be ^gtjx Er~ixj}jik io 7:>>

Agthux Dtuhe 4>3

]be Ajlj}gk} Dlghf Aek io Agtxejlle gkm ^gtjx, 7:437:83@ekkjoet Dij}}jk 447

Teffleh}jikx ik }be Ou}ute io Dlghf Otgkhe0@ixe~bjke Dgfetx _jxjik io g Clidgl _jllgce

Dekke}}g @ulex!Tixe}}e 4=3

Xj}e!jkc Dlghf ^gtjx0 Mjxhiutxex gkm }be Agfjkc io Jmek}j}jexGtle}}e Otukm 4?:

Himg0 Dlghf Jmek}j}z jk Otgkhe jk g Euti~egk ^etx~eh}jveGlljxik Dlgfelz 423

gdiu} }be hik}tjdu}itx 8>3jkmer 877


8/29

Oitesitm

Dlghf + + + G Hilit9 G Fglejmixhi~e'

hbtjx}jgke }gudjtg, aeadet io }be otekhb kg}jikgl

gxxeadlz, me~u}z otia cujgkg

Sbg} aux} se teajkm }be sitlm9]bg} se gte j}x ag`itj}z+]bg} se texeadle }bixe sbi ~i~ulg}e evetz hik}jkek}+]bg} sj}b g `iziux mehej}, se fkis bis }i }gfe ik }be cujxeevek

}i }be er}ek} io gvet}jkc iut ezexio }bixe sbi hiulm de ditk gkz!

sbete jk }be sitlm+ ]bjx er}tgitmjkgtz cjo} }ettitjpem }be jkvek}itx io}be jkogaiux ike!mti~ tule+Bisevet, j} sgx gkm x}jll jx ki}bjkc aite }bgk g meaikx}tg}jik }bg}

se, Dlghf siaek, gte glhbeajx}x, oitevet ~ixxexxjkc }be xehte} io }beuker~eh}em, hg~gdle io }tgkxoitajkc }be xitmjm xg~ io tg~e jk}i degu}zgkm ctghe+ utjozjkc ja~tidgdle live+ Ekkidljkc }be fflee}jkc it xud}et!tgkegk ~gxxjikx texjx}em dz }be ~lgk}g}jik xlgveisket+ Iooetjkc }bux }i}be sitlm g mjvetxj}z }bg} aek hiulm kevet bgve jagcjkem+ Gkm, jk ximijkc, ffleejkc }be agmkexx io }bjx sitlm io jkmexhtjdgdle vjilekhe+

Sbg} jx leo} }i xgz }i }be sitlm9]bg} se gte ki} mu~ex+ Kej}bet gte se kgjve+ Kit gte se x}u~eem

dz }be gdxutmj}jex io g teljcjiux jkmih}tjkg}jik eadtijmetem sj}b mi!hjlj}z, xudajxxjik, texjckg}jik6 gdxilvjkc xetvj}ume6 oitcjvjkc io xudit!mjkg}jik6 ~tiajxjkc begvek gx tehia~ekxe+ ]bg} se fkis sbg} sgx}be vjhjiux hjthle io }be hilluxjik io }be xsitm, }be Hbuthb, }be xhgle,gkm }be xhiutce, g} }be xetvjhe io }be aix} hiaaik gkm sjmex~tegm io

hu~jmj}jex+]bg} jo se bgve texit}em }i tgkhit, texek}aek}, tevekce, te}tjdu}jik,

j} jx kej}bet }btiucb hgkmit kit biljkexx, kej}bet sj}b iz, kit sj}biu}


9/29

r oitesitm

tgce+ Se iklz mi xi jk itmet ki} }i dutmek iutxelvex sj}b mex~gjt kitdj}}etkexx, ki} }i }tgkx~it} kit }tgkxaj} }bea }i iut livem ikex, ki}}i evgme iut ~texek} kit ajxx iu} ik iut ou}ute+

Gkm, kevet}belexx, ki} }i oitce}+ Sj}b }be erhe~}jik io sbg} sehbiixe }i teaive, }i te}tekhb jk }be mitagk} x~ghe io iut aeaitjex,oit iut isk ciim+

Sbg} mi se sgk} }i xbiu} }i }be sitlm9]bg} j}x itmet jx mjxitmet+ ]bg} j} sjll teagjk xi gx likc gx g }jkz !

kgkhjgl elj}e jx gdle }i x~ehulg}e ik }be hiaaik ciim io gll ljoe ik }bjxEgt}b6 gx likc gx }be cteg} agxx io }be mjxjkbetj}em bgx }be ~iset }i

ekvz it hikmeak }bjx jll!ci}}ek i~ulekhe6 gx likc gx buagk telg}jikxci otia miajkg}jik }i miajkg}jik6 }bg} evek }be aix} hik}ea~}jdle,}be aix} mex~jxem, }be aix} erhlumem agk sbi hgk miajkg}e g

siagk zjelmx g ~gtgmirjhgl eooeh} xuhb }bg} dz htuxbjkc xiaeike~ethejvem segfet }bgk be}be siagk sbia be bgx i~~texxembe

sjll de ghhe~}em jk}i }be xihje}z io aek+Mjxitmet sjll teagjk gx likc gx }be sitlm ~te}ekmx }i melume j}xelo

dz gk gh} io tghe, jkvek}jkc gk jlluxitz ~utj}z gkm xjkfjkc jk}i gdgttek, tga~gk}, xetaikjpjkc kix}glcjg, idxhutjkc j}x ekmicgaiuxvjilekhe, lgzjkc g huadetxiae oii} gkm g begvz bgkm ik }be sitlm+]bjx mjxitmet agkjoex}x oit ux, }be ste}hbem io }be egt}b sbi te~te!xek} agkz hilitx jkhlumjkc sbj}e, j}x ag}etjgl vjilekhe+ Sitxe x}jll, j}xxzadiljh vjilekhe+

^tehjxelz+ Gll az dti}betx gte ki} Dlghf gkm gll Dlghfx gte ki} azdti}betx+ Iut hiaaik ajxetz bgx kevet ~tevek}em gk ukevek hia!aj}aek} }i hiaaik hguxex, jkclitjiux xelo!jk}etex}, lgpz ghhiaai!mg}jikx, xbgaelexx hg~j}ulg}jikx+ Jkmeem, gltegmz mutjkc }bixe }jaex

io mekjem buagkj}z, se bgm mjvjmem iut begt}x de}seek }bixe sbisete kehexxgtz }i ~ti}eh} gkm xgve, gkm }bixe }i de mjx}tux}em+ ]behul}ute io oucj}jve xlgvex jx g hul}ute io xjlekhe, xehtehz, ajx}tux}+ ]beukmetctiukm tgjlsgz ja~ixem xjlekhe it meoeg}, xu~~texxjkc }bixe }ii}glfg}jve gx siulm de erhjxem g au}jlg}em it cgkctekiux itcgk }i~ti}eh} }be dimz+ Jkfflerjdle jmeglx sete kehexxgtz }i xutvjve gkm gh} g}xuhb g ~tjhe' J} g~~egtx }bg} }bete gte ki aite jmeilicjex, }bg} }be}ittek} }bg} xse~} gll deoite j} glxi mtiskem jmeglx+

Bis }i xe} }be sitlm x}tgjcb}9]i xee hlegtlz jx ki} }be ekm io jmeglx+ Sj}biu} g miud}, jmeilicjex,


10/29

oitesitm rj

gx }bez sete hikhejvem io jk }be kjke}eek}b hek}utz, bgve hillg~xemhia~le}elz, xbj~stehfem dz }be erhexxex io }bixe sbi, }gfjkc }bea!xelvex oit Cim, sgk}em }i hteg}e agkx hilleh}jve bg~~jkexx dz teouxjkc

}be jkmjvjmugl agkx tjcb} }i }jkfet sj}b bjx isk vjxjik io bg~~jkexx,}be ~tjvjlece io dejkc ja~etoeh}+ Du} }be mih}tjkex teagjk, evek mevgx!}g}em, evek mjlg~jmg}em+ Jo jmeilicjex bgve ~etjxbem dimz gkm xiul, }bjxxgm og}e ja~emex kej}bet }be hzkjhgl mexehtg}jik io }bejt ctgvex kit }be}beo} io }bejt mih}tjkex+ Sbek }be ~isetoul kgkhjetx gkkiukhe }bejt

sjxb }i aitgljpe }bejt xzx}ea }bg} bgx cike agm, sbek e}bjhgl oukmxjkvgme }be }tgmjkc ffliit gkm }gfe ivet ~it}oiljix, sbek }be ~ti~ikek}xio }be hlgxb io hjvjljpg}jikx meoeg} }bejt lgsx }i ghhiaaimg}e }be

oukmjkc io Jxlgajh xufufx "dikmx*, sbek }be ethex} meoekmetx io }beotee agtfe} jkvife cteg} ajkmx }i `ux}joz }be teculg}jik io er}tgvgcgk}dikuxex, }be ghhiaaimg}jik io gduxex gkm }be erhexxex io }i~!u~~ekxjikx gkm cilmek ~gtghbu}ex, sbek ogjl!xgoe oglxe ~ti~be}x bilm u~}be tevilu}jikgtz gkm ~tictexxjve ~gk}beik }i mjxcujxe }be dtu}glj}zio }bejt gh}xbix}jle }i }be aix} vulketgdle}be tuxe jx evetzsbete,gkm evek jo j} jx ekitaiux, j} x}jll gduxex+ Xja~lz ~u}, evetz}bjkc aux}hbgkce xi }bg} ki}bjkc hbgkcex+ Xi ~teghbemJlCg}}i~gtmi me Lga~e!muxg "]be Lei~gtm*+

Gx oit jmeglx, se tjcb}lz hik}jkue }i sg}et }bea+ Gkm se xis u}i!~jgx+ Oit se aux} ki} xuttekmet+

Bis }i }eghb }be sitlm9]bete jx ki Dlghf wuex}jik+ Kej}bet jk Otgkhe kit elxesbete+]bete jx }be jxxue io x}tg}gceax jkvek}em dz }be x}g}ux wui }i oitce,

jo ki} j}x lecj}jaghz, g} legx} j}x xu~teaghz+]bete jx }be jxxue io te~texek}g}jikx }bg} ~timuhe ehikiajh xzx!

}eax gkm }bejt tii}x jk }be aek}gl sitlm io }bixe sbi, }btiucb }bejthikxhjiux it ghhjmek}gl ghhe~}gkhe, dehiae }be cugtmjgkx io xihjglbjetgthbjex, evek jo }bixe bjetgthbjex sitf }i }bejt isk me}tjaek}+

]bete jx }be wuex}jik io i}betkexx+ Oit }be aix} megmlz jckitgkhe jx}be ike }bg} jckitex }be itjcjkgl mjvetxj}z io }be sitlm+

]bete jx g sbj}e jxxue sj}b tecgtm }i mjooetekhe+]bete jx }be wuex}jik io }be hteg}jve hg~ghj}jex io buagkj}z }bg}

segfek it mex}tiz erhluxjikx, miajkg}jik, hittu~}jik, ~tehikhe~!

}jikx+ Gkm }bete gte }be hik}tgmjh}jikx io }be xihje}jex io }be Kit}b,~tezjkc ik }be ciimx gkm }be hul}utgl fkislemce io }be Xiu}b, sbigte ~gxxjikg}e gdiu} }be xu~~ixem ~tjaj}jve it tx} gt}x sbjle


11/29

rjj oitesitm

}gfjkc ljoe otia }bea dz u~tii}jkc }bea otia }bejt ~lghex, tjmmjkc}bea io }bejt gu}bitx, gkm mexehtg}jkc }bejt agcjhgl vjt}uex jk}ectgl }i}be hiaaukj}jex otia sbjhb }bez itjcjkg}e+

]be sbile sitlm jx hteiljpjkc, sgtkx miugtm Cljxxgk}+ Gll xi!hje}jex jk }be sitlm gte jkmeem ~lutgl, du}, jk ~gt}jhulgt, }be hik}gh},}be ajrjkc, }be xzkhte}jxa, }be aul}j~le goljg}jikx ~timuhe uk~te!mjh}gdjlj}z+ Gkm }bjx sitlm jk }be agfjkc, ljfe ~tevjiux sitlmx, exhg~exiohjgl mjgctgax gkm lecgl hg}ecitjex dehguxe ljoe jx eooetvexhekhe, gkmjo lecjxlg}jik jx keemem }i agfe xihje}z sbile, j} jx ki} jk itmet }ihik}til evetz}bjkc jk }be ljvex io i}betx du} tg}bet }i ~tivjme g otgae!

sitf oit }be meveli~aek} io gk eluxjve buagkj}z+

Xecglek, gltegmz jk }be kjke}eek}b hek}utz0 _gtje}z xbtjkfx, xuhb jx}be }bteg}+

Du} sbg} miex }be sitlm tevegl9]be Otekhb Te~udljh jx }be lgtcex} agkuogh}utet io hiaaukj}gtjgk!

jxa+ J} sgx dujl} ik g meljcb}oul gkm sikmetoul h}jik0 ecglj}gtjgkjxa+J} ix}ek}g}jiuxlz gmitkx j}xelo jk itmet }i oghe sj}b mjckj}z hbgllekcex}i j}x fflgctgk} vjilg}jikx io }bjx h}jik sbek agkuogh}utjkc hiaaukj!}jex io elj}ex, deljevetx, telecg}em ~ei~le, @esjxb te~texek}g}jvex, Aux!lja x~ifexaek, Dlghf melecg}ex, hittex~ikmek}x otia }be dgkljeue+ J}gh}x hiz sbek j} jx hgucb} tem!bgkmem jk tejkoithjkc }be }tgkxctexxjikio gjt}jcb} xetgcljix otia sbjhb j} mtgsx }bexe zex!aek oit ~udljhek}et~tjxex, dgkfx, ]beimule hiaajxxjikx, ~tiai}jkc g~~tek}jhex}isgtm }be kgttisjkc io jmek}j}jex, ogvitjkc jk}etaemjgtjex io gll xit}xio hguxex mekem jk bgx}e+ X}jll sitfjkc sj}b }be agkgceaek} ae}b!imx io hilikjgl ~i~ulg}jikx, }bjx te~udljh, sbjhb mjxtecgtmx cekmet,itjcjk, hteem, hilit, mjxgdjlj}z, xerugl ~teoetekhex, hlgjax }i }teg} gll

ewugllz, dljkmlz, x}udditklz keu}tgl, gkm ja~gt}jgl+ Xi dljkm gkm xix}udditk }bg} j} ki likcet xeex djgxex gkm jkbjdj}jikx+

Du} gb' Le}x de x~ehjh+ ]be Te~udljh jx ki} }be hul~tj}+ J}x tx}hiaaukj}z, }be Civetkaek}, jx+ Gkm jk j}x hik}jkuj}z, }be Erehu}jve

dtgkhb, betae}jhgllz xeglem otia mjooetekhex, mjx~gtj}jex, gkm vgtjg!}jikx }bg} gte ~tehjxelz mekem ike g} g }jae, miex ki} ukmetx}gkm }bg}j} jx oghem dz j}x hj}jpekx+ Jkx}egm j} xeex deljevetx, evek gaikc }bixehikvjkhem }bg} begvek jx ukjkbgdj}em g} }jaex dz oitejcketx+

Gkm j} jx sj}bjk }bjx ecglj}gtjgkjx} te~udljh, sbjhb, jk itmet }i fee~j}x ~ixj}jve jagce, ~tihlgjax j}xelo meaihtg}jh, xihjgl, gkm xehulgt, }bg}


12/29

oitesitm rjjj

mjooetekhe jx itcgkjpem ki} iklz dz lgsx du} dz aemjg}jkc aehbg!kjxax, ~tgh}jhex, gkm mjxhtjajkg}itz ~tihemutex+

Bis miex ike meagkm ewuglj}z gkm ki} aetelz hik}ek} ikexelo

sj}b oitagl x}g}eaek}x, hik}tgmjh}em dz g aethjlexx teglj}z io ~et!xjx}ek} gkm io}ek tekesem jkewuglj}jex9 ]be }tg~, gkm }bg} sbjhbhguxex ux ctjeo, jx }bg} }bjx gadjcuj}z, jkx}j}u}em dehguxe j} texjx}x }behlgja io ewuglj}z ik }be ctiukmx }bg} j} jx ecglj}gtjgk, gllisx oukmg!aek}gljx} Te~udljhgkx }i vetdgljpe }bejt xelxb gxxua~}jikx xjajlgt }i}be ceketiux jmeglx oitaulg}em dz }bixe sbi teouxe }i ghhe~} }bexegadjcuj}jex+ Sitxe, }bez er~texx }bjx dz hj}jkc hiuk}tjex }bg} bgveiohjgllz ja~leaek}em lgsx io xectecg}jik gkm mjxhtjajkg}jik+ Aite

xud}lz, }be ecglj}gtjgkjx} te~udljh miex ki} agfe gxxua~}jikx+ Du} }bjxsiulm de g vetz }tgcjh jtikz jo gll }bexe hiuk}tjex, sbixe g~gt}bejm jxaite it lexx gdèh}lz ~tikiukhem, xbiulm legm }be sgz ogx}et gkm aitemehjxjvelz }i ewugl tjcb}x, lexx oitagllz x}g}em du} aite tegljpem jk

viluk}gtz ~udljh ~iljhjex+]bjx siulm de }be kgl meoeg} io }be te~udljhgk jmeg j}xelo+

Sbg} mi se mexjte otia }be sitlm9]i ja~tive j}9 ]bjx jx }be hikhetk io hletcz gkm hbgtj}gdle gh}jvjx}x+

]i hbgkce j}9 G x}jaulg}jkc hbjaetg' ]i cb} gcgjkx} jkùx}jhex io gllfjkmx jx g ~tjitj}z io }be jkxiakjgh+ ]i temuhe xihjgl jkùx}jhe teagjkxg x}gt}ljkc utcekhz sbek, tg}bet }bgk bgvjkc mjooetek}jgl }teg}aek}x }ihitteh} jkewuglj}jex io djt}b, kg}ute, oit}uke, gkm luhf, }bez mjc }beajk}i g mee~et bile, gll }be sbjle hbjt~jkc g} }be ~etjl io }be ~iitex}+

Mi se gllis xelxbkexx gkm oegt }i tule }be sitlm9Se hiae otia ~ei~lex sbi bgve vgkwujxbem oegt, otia }be mgtf

me~}bx io }be xbj~x bilm }i }be sbj~x gkm }be agx}joox+ Gkm se ukmet!x}gkm }be jlluxjikx io jkmjvjmugljxa, oit se bgm }i de kuaetiux, ghtixxgll gcex, gll hilitx, otia gll hik}jkek}x, ìjkem }ice}bet sj}b }be xgaejkmiaj}gdle cb}jkc x~jtj}, jk itmet }i x}tgkcle xlgvetz, }i mex}tiz }behilikjgl tecjae'

Jkmeem, gx se xejpe }be bela io ~udljh îset }i egxe iut jaaemjg}ehikmj}jik, se aux} jkvek} }be ou}ute jk gll j}x ketz+ Gkm jk xi mijkc,}be aix} elecgk} gkm aix} otuj}oul io jkxgkj}jex oit xiae hikxjx} jk

ek}tux}jkc }bjx hek}utz }i }be ajkmx gkm bgkmx io }bexe dlixxiajkcziu}bbelm dz xiae }i de dgtdgtjgkx, ze} sbi gte iut aix} ~tiajx!


13/29

rjv oitesitm

jkc bejtxeghb ghhia~gkjem dz ike lexxik, g xjkcle lexxik otiaOtgk}p Ogkik0 ]bete jx az ljoe, ti~em jk dz erjx}ekhe+ ]bete jx azljdet}z, sbjhb dtjkcx ae dghf }i azxelo+ Ki, Ja ki} gllisem }i de

Dlghf+ + + + ]be mex}jkz io agkfjkm jx }i de xe} otee+


14/29

Ghfkislemcaek}x

Hilleh}jikx io }bjx kg}ute }bg} gte }be texul} io hikoetekhe ~tiheem!jkcx texul} glsgzx gkm jk gll sgzx otia }be hilleh}jve xu~~it} gkm lgdit

io g tgkce io jkmjvjmuglx+ Se decjk dz }bgkfjkc evetzike sbi agme~ixxjdle }be Otgkhe KijteDlghf Otgkhe0 ]be Bjx}itz, îe}jhx, gkmîlj}jhx io Dlghfkexx hikoetekhe }bg} }iif ~lghe jk ^gtjx ik @uke ?3,4>>2+ Jk ~gt}jhulgt, se aux} }bgkf gkm ghfkislemce iut hi!itcgkjpetio }bjx evek}, Agthux Dtuhe, sbixe ukogjljkc ekhiutgceaek}x }i ~et!xevete, ~gt}jhulgtlz g} }bixe ~tehjxe aiaek}x sbek x~jtj}x gkm te!xiuthex sete jk vetz lis xu~~lz, gte dezikm aegxute+ ]tjhg siulm ljfe}i gmmj}jikgllz er~texx bet bjcbex} g~~tehjg}jik }i ]zlet X}ivgll oit bjxjkx~jtg}jik gkm fjkmkexx }btiucbiu} }bjx ìutkez, jkmeem gmvek}ute,gkm sbi e~j}iajpem }be exxekhe io dejkc g xhbilgt+ ]tghz gkm ]zletgte di}b vetz ctg}eoul }i ]tjhg Feg}ik sbixe diukmlexx eketcz gkmergh}jkc x}gkmgtmx io xhbilgtxbj~ bgve agme }bjx diif g sikmetoulteglj}z+ Sbjle jk}etex} jk }bjx hikoetekhe sgx erhe~}jikgllz bjcb, jkxuo!hjek} oukmjkc hikx}gk}lz ~lgcuem iut eooit}x, kegtlz }i }be dtjkf io}bjx evek}x meajxe+ J} jx oit }bjx tegxik }bg} se gte ex~ehjgllz jkmed}em}i ]tghz Xbgt~lez!Sbj}jkc, sj}biu} sbixe kgkhjgl xu~~it}, ceket!iuxlz iooetem g} g htj}jhgl }jae io keem, }bjx hikoetekhe xja~lz siulm

ki} bgve bg~~ekem+ Se sete gmmj}jikgllz elg}em dz ]tghzx ghhe~}gkheio iut jkvj}g}jik }i de g hi!emj}it io }bjx viluae sbek Agthux sgxukgdle }i gxxuae }bg} tile+ Se er}ekm iut }bgkfx }i Otem Hikx}gk} oitbjx agtveliux }ekghj}z gkm xu~~it} jk xehutjkc }be ex}eeaem Aeadetio }be Otekhb ^gtljgaek} gkm M~u}e me lg Cuzgke Hbtjx}jgke ]gu!

djtg gx iut fezki}e x~egfet, sbi meljvetem sbg} sgx xja~lz g dtjlljgk}gmmtexx+ Gkm, se siulm de teajxx jk ogjljkc }i }bgkf Miajkjh ]biagxoit bjx fjkmbegt}em hzdet!xbgtjkc io bjx }jae gkm xihjgl hg~j}gl jk }be

egtlz x}gcex io }bjx evek}+ Gllis ux }i ghfkislemce gx sell MgkjelleBggxe!Mudixh, }bek erehu}jve mjteh}it io Tejm Bgll gkm HiluadjgUkjvetxj}zx Jkx}j}u}e oit Xhbilgtx, gkm Agthux Dtuhe, sbi sgx g oel!


15/29

rvj ghfkislemcaek}x

lis io }be jkx}j}u}e g} }be }jae, oit ~tivjmjkc }be jk}elleh}ugl x~ghe oit}bjx jk}etkg}jikgl cg}betjkc io mjx}jkcujxbem gkm mjx}jkh}jve ~gkeljx}x+]bejt }teaekmiux hik}tjdu}jikx gkm xbeet x}gajkg }i ekmute }be }tg!

vgjlx io sgttjit hikoetekhjkc, sj}b iut xhbemule, ki} iklz agme }beOtgkhe Kijte hikoetekhe g xuhhexx, du} glxi mtes erhe~}jikgl vijhex}i g dutceikjkc gkm ja~it}gk} elm io x}umz+ Se er~texx iut g~~tehjg!}jik }i iut ex}eeaem ~gkeljx}x0 Taz Dgpekcujxxg!Cgkcg, GlljxikDlgfelz, @ekkjoet Dij}}jk, Eljxgde}b Eljxgde}b Aumjade!Dizj, AgthuxDtuhe, Dgtdgtg!Hbgxe Tjdium, @gaex Hibek, Otem Hikx}gk}, Mekjx!Hikx}gk} Agt}jk, Agagmiu Mjiuo, Dtek} Emsgtmx, Cekevjve Ogdte,Etjh Ogxxjk, Gtle}}e Otukm, Ajhbel Cjtgum, _etikjwue Belekik, Gdjilg

Jtele, Dekke}}g @ulex!Tixe}}e, @gfe Lgagt, ^g}tjhf Lipx, Glgjk Ag!dgkhfiu, Mgkjel Agrjajk, Xjaik K`gaj, @egk!^gul Tihhbj, ]tghzXbgt~lez!Sbj}jkc, Bit}ekxe X~jlletx, ]zlet X}ivgll, Hbtjx}jgke ]gu!

djtg, Miajkjh ]biagx, Og}jag}g Sgke!Xgckg, Cgtz Sjlmet, gkmAjhbelle Stjcb}+ Se gmmj}jikgllz er~texx iut ctg}j}ume }i iut x~ik!xitx0 Gotjhgk Gaetjhgk gkm Mjgx~itg X}umjex, }be Hek}et oit E}bjhx,}be Tidet} ^ekk Sgttek Hek}et oit }be Buagkj}jex, gkm }be DlghfEuti~e Xeajkgt g} _gkmetdjl} Ukjvetxj}z6 }be Iohe io }be Xekjit

_jhe texjmek} oit Xzx}ea Ghgmeajh Gmajkjx}tg}jik gkm }be Iohe io}be _jhe ^texjmek} gkm _jhe ^tivix} oit Ewuj}z gkm Mjvetxj}z g} }beUkjvetxj}z io Ajkkexi}g, ]sjk Hj}jex6 }be Iohe io }be Megk io Ogh!ul}z, Gotjhgk Gaetjhgk X}umjex, gkm Gaetjhgk Hul}utgl X}umjex g}Dg}ex Hillece6 Mt+ Jtag AhHlgutjk gkm }be Oitm Oiukmg}jik6 gkm lgx}

du} het}gjklz ki} legx} Bektz Liujx Cg}ex @t+ gkm }be S+ E+ D+ Mu DijxJkx}j}u}e oit Gotjhgk gkm Gotjhgk Gaetjhgk Texegthb g} Bgtvgtm Ukj!

vetxj}z+ ^etaj} ux gx sell }i }bgkf iut erhe~}jikgl jk}et~te}et, EveDiu}jlj, sbi hbgkkelem Agmgae ]gudjtg deoite iut vetz ezex' Se

glxi }bgkf evetzike sbi ~tivjmem gmajkjx}tg}jve, }ehbkjhgl, gkm i}betoitax io xu~~it}, jkhlumjkc Dtukbjlme Djeduzhf, Kgdz Gvhjiclu,Ajbgelg Dghiu, gkm @ielle ]beude} g} Tejm Bgll jk gmmj}jik }i }be mih!}itgl hgkmjmg}ex Agzg Xaj}b g} }be Ukjvetxj}z io Hgljoitkjg, Detfelez,gkm Gkke}}e Wugthii~iae g} _gkmetdjl} Ukjvetxj}z, gx sell gx ]gtg

Sjlljgax, sbi bgx deek }be sjkm dekeg}b iut sjkcx jk Gotjhgk Gaetj!hgk gkm mjgx~itg x}umjex g} _gkmetdjl} Ukjvetxj}z+ Se glxi cteg}lzg~~tehjg}e }be ~g}jek} gkm }biucb}oul tegmetx gkm emj}itx g} Mufe

Ukjvetxj}z ^texx, jkhlumjkc _gletje Ajllbillgkm, Cjxelg Oixgmi, OtemFgaekz, gkm Kgkhz Bigclgkm+


16/29

Jk}timuh}jik

Dlghf Ag}}etx, Dlghfkexx Agme }i Ag}}et

îut uke oijx, e ae xujx ajx }tgvgjllet hiaae uk kcte+ @e ke xgjx~gx xj lex kctex ik} }iuìutx }elleaek} }tgvgjll, agjx ekk+ "Gkmoit ikhe, J x}gt}em sitfjkc ljfe g kcte+ J mik} fkis jo g kcte evetsitfem }bg} bgtm+*~etouaet egk!~gul cuetlgjk io }beAgjxik Cuetlgjk, Ih}idet 75, 4>7>

Eb djek le kcte, jl }eaaetme' "Sell, ziu fkis sbg} }bjx kctexgzx, O + + + ziu'*gja hxgjte, 7:?7 ) Gumte ûlvgt }i Cuet!lgjk, Ih}idet 72, 4>7>

Jk tehek} zegtx, Otgkhe bgx xeek gk er}tgitmjkgtz ffliutjxbjkc io jk}et!ex} jk dlghfkexx, gk}j!dlghfkexx, gkm Dlghf jmek}j}z, hiu~lem sj}b }tek!hbgk} medg}ex gdiu} }be xjckjhgkhe io tghe gx g xihji!~ilj}jhgl wuex!}jik+ ^gx} gkm tehek} hilleh}jvex hik}jkue }i itcgkjpe gtiukm }bexejxxuex glikcxjme ag}}etx io mjvetxj}z, }be aeaitz io xlgvetz, hilikjpg!}jik, ea~jte, gkm sbg} j} ceketgllz aegkx }i de Otekhb, Dlghf, jkmjckexgkm g hj}jpek sj}bjk }be Otekhb Te~udljh+ ]be Hikxejl Te~txek}g}jo

mex Gxxihjg}jikx Kijtex "htgk*, }be Hiaj} ~iut lg aaijte e}lbjx}ijte me lexhlgvgce, gkm V}beQ Glljgkhe Kijte Hj}izekke gte jk!mjhg}jve io xuhb ctiu~x }bg} bgve oitaem gtiukm }bexe wuex}jikx gajmg kuadet io erjx}jkc "gkm io}ek mjxhikkeh}em* gk}j!mjxhtjajkg}jikgkm gk}j!tghjxa gxxihjg}jikx jk Otgkhe+ ]be htgkg ~tiajkek}Dlghf liddz }bg} eaetcem jk tex~ikxe }i }be tevil}x jk 4>>5 jk }bekg}jikx ~iitex} gkm tghjgljpem xudutdxjx ~gt}jhulgtlz jk}etex}jkc

di}b oit g}}ea~}jkc }i mihuaek} }be x~ehjhj}z io gk}j!dlghfkexx x}g!

}jx}jhgllz, jk }be tx} xutvez io }bg} kg}ute jk Otgkhe "sbete e}bki!tghjgl x}g}jx}jhx gte dgkkem ukmet Otekhb lgs*, gkm oit x}tg}ecjhgllz gkmjk}ek}jikgllz me~lizjkc }be }gdii!tjmmek kiaekhlg}ute Kijt }i xelo!


17/29

4 jk}timuh}jik

te~texek}, jk mjteh} megkhe io xihjgl ~tibjdj}jik x~ehjh }i }be }eta+]bexe higlj}jikx gte ~ixj}jikem, }bek, gcgjkx} gkm sj}bjk }be ~tevgjl!jkc mjxhiutxe io hilitdljkm jkmjvjxjdjlj}z, mexjckg}jkc kike}belexx gk

ukagtfem kitag}jve sbj}ekexx jk}tjkxjh }i g ~isetoul te~udljhgk jme!ilicz er~texxem jk }be kgttg}jvex, xzadilx, gkm te~texek}g}jikx ioOtekhb kg}jikgl jmek}j}z+

Gkm ze}, }be ~tevgjljkc mjohul}z gkm gkrje}jex gdiu} x~egfjkc iotghe gkm dlghfkexx iu}xjme bjcblz tex}tjh}em x~ghex "xuhb gx het}gjkelj}e Otekhb ghgmeajex }bg} gte ki} }beaxelvex jaauke* jllux}tg}e ux}bis mee~lz jkutem }be }gdiix gtiukm }bexe oitag}jikx gte+ Evek gxkes sgvex io xhbilgtxbj~ gkm gk}j!tghjxa gxxihjg}jikx oihuxem x~ehj!

hgllz ik lex Kijtx jk Otgkhe hik}jkue }i eaetce,

}be hi!erjx}ekhe io}be jk)vjxjdjlj}z io dlghfkexx gx g hikx~jhuiux dimz gk}j}be}jhgl }i gukjvetxgl kita gkm gx xiae}bjkc xja~lz uktegmgdle gx ukjvetxgl jkmzkgajhx io tghe gkm tghjxa jx ogt otia g oull erhgvg}jik x~ehjh }iGoti)Dlghf Euti~egkx jk Otgkhe gkm Euti~e+ Jk lihgljpem ~ilj}jhxio dlghfkexx, ^gtjx jk ~gt}jhulgt bgx likc deek g htj}jhgl xj}e io Dlghfjk}etkg}jikgljxa, sell jllux}tg}em dz Kctj}ume, }be Bgtlea!jk!^gtjxTekgjxxgkhe, }be jkvek}jik io Kecti~bjljg, gkm ~etxjx}ek} kecti!~bidjgx }bg} ~etaeg}e Otgkhe+

Jk tehikhe~}ugljpjkc }be xihji!bjx}itjhgl mjxhiutxex, kgttg}jvex, gkmoitag}jikx ukmet~jkkjkc }be hiaaikxekxe!agfjkc jk Otgkhe x~e!hjh }i j}x mjx}jkh}jvelz hikcutem Dlghf ~i~ulg}jikx "xelo!mehlgtemgkm ~ethejvem*, }be ekcgcjkc gkm mjxhetkjkc hbg~}etx jk }bjx diif lgz

dgte g tg}bet ~i}ek} hikukmtua texjmjkc g} }be begt} io Otekhb xi!hje}z+ Ik }be ike bgkm, }bete jx gk evjmek} hikx}j}u}jikgl gkm lecglmjxhiutxe io hilitdljkmkexx jk vgtjiux x~betex io Otekhb ljoe sbetedztghe bgx deek te`eh}em gx g aegkjkcoul hg}ecitz, bgvjkc deek mjx!

htemj}em gx djilicz gkm tjcb}lz xi+ ]bux, }bete gte, jk eooeh}, ki Otekhbtghjgl ajkitj}jex, iklz Otekhb ~ei~le6 kit jx }bete gk iohjgllz tehic!kjpem jmek}j}z mjxhiutxe gx }bete jx, oit jkx}gkhe, jk }be Ukj}em X}g}ex it}be Ukj}em Fjkcmia, sbete ike kmx }etax xuhb gx Dlghf Gaetj!hgkx, Gotjhgk Gaetjhgkx, gkm Dlghf Dtj}jxb }i er~texx xuhb mjooet!ek}jg}jik+ Ik }be i}bet bgkm, }be ljvem er~etjekhe io tgheaitexgljek}lz, gk}j!dlghfkexxdeljex }be hilitdljkm ~tjkhj~le ekxbtjkemjk }be ukjvetxgljx}!buagkjx} }biucb} u~ik sbjhb }be Te~udljh sgx

oitcem+Jk xeefjkc }i agfe xekxe io }bjx hikukmtua, }bjx diif hik}ekmx

}bg} dlghfkexx miex jkmeem erjx} gx g xihjgl, hul}utgl, gkm ~ilj}jhgl


18/29

dlghf ag}}etx, dlghfkexx agme }i ag}}et 8

oitag}jik jk Otgkhe, du} sj}b g mjx}jkh}jvelz Otekhb hgx}+ Jk ~gt}jhulgt,}be erjx}ekhe io mjx}jkh} gkm vetz mjooetek} hiaaukj}jex io Gotjhgkgkm Goti!Hgtjddegk mexhek} aegkx }bg} }i de Dlghf ~ilj}jhgllz gkm

xelo!tefflerjvelz it dlghf jk gxhtj~}jve tghjgljpem mjxhiutxe jk Otgkhemiex ki} ja~lz }be xgae fjkm io hul}utgl gkm bjx}itjhgl biaicekej}z}bg} bgx }tgmj}jikgllz hbgtgh}etjpem Dlghf ljoe jk }be Ukj}em X}g}ex+Tg}bet, Dlghf jmek}j}jex erjx} jk mjglicue sj}b eghb i}bet gkm sj}b }beukjvetxgljx} ~tjkhj~lex io }be Otekhb Te~udljh+ Gx xevetgl io }be gu!}bitx jk }bjx diif gtcue, dlghfkexx jk Otgkhe jx ~tjagtjlz g tex~ikxe }igkm te`eh}jik io gk}j!dlghf tghjxa+ ]i de Dlghf jx, gdive gll, }i de}gtce}em dz xuhb tghjxa gkm }i meveli~ x}tg}ecjex }i texjx} j}+

Jk fee~jkc sj}b }bjx hek}tgl gtcuaek}, kisbete jx }bjx aite evjmek}}bgk sj}b tecgtm }i xelo!mehlgtem Otekhb Dlghfx sbi bgve teghbem ghtj}jhgl gkm vjxjdle agxx jk ae}ti~ilj}gk Otgkhe gkm sbi }tiudle keg}ki}jikx io delikcjkc jk }bjx xj}e+ Jkmeem, }be vetz eaetcekhe io }be}eta vjxjdle ajkitj}jex gkm }be hikotik}g}jikgl uxe io }be kiaekhlg!}ute Kijt jkx}egm io }be ikhe ~etvgxjve Ekcljxb sitm Dlghf dzjkmjvjmuglx gkm ctiu~x ~ilj}jhgllz aidjljpjkc jk Otgkhe te~texek} ghtj}jhgl xbjo} jk Otekhb ~ilj}jhgl hul}ute ik }be }ettgjkx io tghe, jmek}j}z,gkm i}bet hg}ecitjex io tehickj}jik jk }be ~udljh x~ghe+ G vetz teglx}gfe jk }bexe medg}ex jkhlumex }be i~ekjkc u~ io }be Te~udljhgkljdtgtz io ~ilj}jhgl gkm xihjgl hg}ecitjpg}jik }isgtm }bejt ul}jag}etevjxjik gkm teagfjkc+ Out}bet hia~ljhg}jkc ag}}etx jx }be ja~gh} iog Dlghf Gaetjhgk ~texekhe oit ivet }si hek}utjex ik }be Otekhbxihji!hul}utgl lgkmxhg~e, }bg} jx, g xagll ze} ki lexx hikxewuek}jglhiaaukj}z sbixe ~ixj}jve tehe~}jik jk Otgkhetegl, ~ethejvem, gkmu}jlj}gtjgkbgx ga~ljem jk}etctiu~ }ekxjikx gkm ukagxfem ~te!xua~}jikx io xiljmgtj}z gltegmz wuex}jikem sj}bjk Dlghf ~i~ulg}jikx

gkm hiaaukj}jex+ Tghjxa jk }be Ukj}em X}g}ex siulm ki} iklz ek!cekmet }be hbgjk er~g}tjg}jik gkm ul}jag}elz ajctg}jik io Dlghfx otia}be Ukj}em X}g}ex }i Otgkhe, j} siulm glxi ~tivjme g tghjgllz xzadiljhhiaaukj}z xeeajkclz }gjlit!agme }i du}}texx Otgkhex hilitdljkm gkmtghe!otee jmeglx, evek g} }be bejcb} io Otekhb hilikjgljxa+ Di}b }be

Gotjhgk Gaetjhgk hiaaukj}z jk ^gtjx, gkm }be hikxjmetgdle jkffluekheio Gotjhgk Gaetjhgk ~ilj}jhx gkm hul}ute aite ceketgllz, bgve bel~em}i xbg~e gkm htixx!~illjkg}em sj}b mjxhuxxjikx gdiu} tghe gkm dlghf!

kexx jk Otekhb xihje}z+]bexe gkm g vgtje}z io }jaelz gkm ~et}jkek} wuex}jikx gte }bit!

iucblz ergajkem jk }bjx diif+ ]be hbg~}etx jk }bjx diif metjve otia


19/29

= jk}timuh}jik

}be Otgkhe KijteDlghf Otgkhe0 Bjx}itz, îlj}jhx, gkm îe}jhx hik!oetekhe, belm g} Hiluadjg Ukjvetxj}zx Tejm Bgll jk ^gtjx ik @uke ? 3,4>>2+ Jk agkz sgzx, }bjx evek} sgx jkmed}em }i gkm oillisem jk }be

}tgmj}jik io }be mjgx~itg mjglicuex gkm medg}ex }bg} ~tehemem j}, tgkc!jkc otia }be tx} gk!Gotjhgk Hikctexx jk 7:7: g} _etxgjllex, itcgkjpem

dz S+ E+ D+ Mu Dijx gkm Dlgjxe Mjgcke "}be tx} Dlghf Gotjhgk eleh}em}i }be Otekhb Kg}jikgl Gxxeadlz*, }i }be Hlgagt} Xglik itcgkjpem dz

@gke gkm gule}}e Kgtmgl jk }be 7:8>x, }i }be Oex}jvgl Aikmjgl mex Gt}xKctex itcgkjpem dz ^txekhe Gotjhgjke gkm Li~ilm Xmgt Xekcbitjk 7:5?, }i }be Jk}etkg}jikgl Hikctexx io Dlghf Stj}etx gkm Gt}jx}x jk7:5? x~egtbegmem dz Gljiuke Mji~ gkm }be hiaaeaitg}jik io }bjx

ajlex}ike jk Dlghf ea~isetaek} o}z zegtx lg}et, lem dz ^txekheGotjhgjke jk hikùkh}jik sj}b }be S+ E+ D+ Mu Dijx Jkx}j}u}e oit Gotj!hgk gkm Gotjhgk Gaetjhgk Texegthb jk 4>>?+

Xjajlgtlz, }be Tejm Bgll cg}betjkc, hia~tjxjkc mjx}jkcujxbem gkmluajkgtz ~gkeljx}x te~texek}g}jve io }be Gotjhgk mjgx~itg jk j}x ~utex}xekxe, xiucb} ki} iklz }i ekcgce sbg} Gja Hxgjte siulm mexhtjde gxg tgmjhgl Dlghf buagkjxa gkm hiuk}et!kgttg}jve }i Sex}etk jk}et~te!}g}jikx io ljoe, du} glxi, gkm aite mjteh}lz, }i jk}etticg}e ~teerjx}jkc,ukkjxbem wuex}jikx io tghe, dlghfkexx, te~texek}g}jikx, jk}etctiu~telg}jikx, gkm jmek}j}z ~ilj}jhx }bg} gdjme jk Otgkhe+ ]be me~}b gkm

dtegm}b io }bexe jmegx sete hg~}utem dz }be eajkek} aeadet io }beOtekhb Kg}jikgl Gxxeadlz gkm me~u}z otia Cujgkg Hbtjx}jgke ]gu!

djtg, sbi ~ti~ixem gkm meoekmem deoite }be Kg}jikgl Gxxeadlz }belecjxlg}jik }bg} tehickjpex xlgvetz gkm }be xlgve }tgme gx htjaex gcgjkx}buagkj}z, lecjxlg}jik xzkikzaiux sj}b bet kgae+ Jk}timuhem jk 7::2gajm hikxjmetgdle civetkaek}gl gkm ~udljh i~~ixj}jik, }be ]gudjtgLgs sgx ki} gmi~}em uk}jl 4>>7, gkm j} sgx ki} uk}jl 4>>? }bg} }be

gt}jhle x~ehjozjkc }be idxetvgkhe io g kg}jikgl mgz io hiaaeaitg}jiksgx g~~ljem+ Gx ike io }be aix} ~isetoul gkm jkffluek}jgl Dlghf ~ilj}j!hgl cutex jk ae}ti~ilj}gk Otgkhe, ]gudjtg, jk bet fezki}e gmmtexx, xe}g mehjxjve }ike oit }be x}jaulg}jkc xetjex io mjxhuxxjikx }bg} }iif ~lghe,gkm }bjx x~eehb kis xetvex gx g dtjlljgk}, ~eke}tg}jkc oitesitm }i }bjx

diif+

Gx Gotjhgk Gaetjhgk emj}itx io }bjx diif, se g~~tighb }be }i~jh iotghe jk Otgkhe, gkm gkzsbete iu}xjme }be Ukj}em X}g}ex, hgu}jiuxlz,

sell gsgte }bg} }be aete aek}jik io }be sitm, ike xi otejcb}em sj}b gbjx}itz io vjilekhe jk Euti~e, tegmjlz jkvj}ex }be hbgtce ki} iklz io ja!~ixjkc g U+X+ hikx}tuh} io }be Ukj}em X}g}ex ik Otekhb xihjgl teglj}jex,


20/29


du} glxi io xu~~ixemlz ~tiaulcg}jkc it ~tiai}jkc hiaaukj}gtjgkjmegx }btiucb gk gxxet}jik io dlghfkexx jk g Otekhb Te~udljh, sbete,gcgjk, tghe miex ki} iohjgllz texjme, evek gx tghjxa gkm mjxhtjajkg}jik

gte likc!}eta texjmek}x+ Sbjle se ukmetx}gkm }be tegxikx oit xuhbxux~jhjikx, se teèh} }bjx hbgtce, gtcujkc }bg} wuex}jikx io tghe gkm

dlghfkexx gdiukm jk Otekhb ljoe gkm gte ki} xja~lz ja~it}em otia }beUkj}em X}g}ex+ Tg}bet, }bez gte vetz auhb tii}em jk Euti~egk gkmOtekhb bjx}itjex+ ]be teagtfx hgxugllz gmvgkhem dz }be ~tiajkek}~etouaet @egk!^gul Cuetlgjk io }be Agjxik Cuetlgjk gkm }elevjxem jkIh}idet 4>7> "wui}em jk }be e~jctg~b* gte g x}gtf teajkmet io }beljaj}x io tghe! gkm hilitdljkmkexx jk hik}ea~itgtz Otgkhe+ ]be xgae

hgk de xgjm io }be Otekhb!Agt}jkjhgk ìutkgljx} Gumtez ûlvgtx hbgk!keljkc io Gja Hxgjtex tj~ix}eûlvgt sbi jk 4>>= sgx }be tx}tehickjpem Dlghf }elevjxjik kesx gkhbit jk ae}ti~ilj}gk Otgkhe+

J} xbiulm ki} de ivetliifem }bg} Hgjtex te!xjckjozjkc io }be e~j}be}kcte "}be Otekhb K Sitm* di}b eaetcex otia gkm teffleh}x gbjx}itz io tghe!agfjkc jk Otgkhe, jkxe~gtgdle otia xlgvetz gkm hili!kjgljxa+ Het}gjklz, }bjx ~ijk} bgx deek evjkhem dz Gja Hxgjte gkm gtgkce io Dlghf Otekhb jk}elleh}uglx gkm xhbilgt!gh}jvjx}x jk Otgkhe"jkhlumjkc }bixe jk }bjx diif* ghtixx ceketg}jikx, xuhb gx XupgkkeHxgjte, Lik Cik}tgk Mgagx, Tifbgzg Mjglli, miugtm Cljxxgk},Otgk}p Ogkik, Mjeumikk Ckgaagkfiu, Li~ilm Xekcbit, AgtzxeHikm, Eupbgk ^glhz, Glerjx êxfjke, Otgkijxe _etcx, Otgkijx Mut!~gjte, Tiauglm Oikfiug, ^g~ Kmjgze, @egk!^gul Tihhbj, AgdiulgXiuagbiti, Fgmzg ]gll, Ljljgk ]butga, Agbgae} ]jaetg, gkm Liujx!Ceitcex ]jk, gaikc i}betx, jk }bejt xukmtz stj}jkcx, lax, gkm gh!}jvjxa telg}em }i Kctj}ume, Hteilj}, Dlghf xudèh}jvj}jex, gkm gk}j!tghjxa jk Otgkhe+ ]be ûlvgtjpg}jik io Cuetlgjk, gx Gumtez ûlvgtx

teìjkmet bgx deek hbgtgh}etjpem, }gfex ik g mjooetek} bue g} }bjx ai!aek} jk Otekhb xihje}z sbek gk}j!i}bet xek}jaek}x gte x}g}e!mtjvek }imjvet} g}}ek}jik otia tegl xihjgl ~tidleax }bg} }be Te~udljh bgx hte!g}em gkm bgx ogjlem }i gmmtexx+ ]bjx siulm jkhlume ^texjmek} KjhilgxXgtfipzx gmvihghz io lecjxlg}jik mexjckem }i x}tj~ io }bejt hj}jpekxbj~kg}utgljpem Otekhb kg}jikglx "kgaelz, mjxgooeh}em, xihjgllz gcctexxemiu}et!hj}z ziu}b, jkmjxhtjajkg}elz hg}ecitjpem gx gcctexxitx io }be ~i!ljhe* gkm io }be me~it}g}jik io }be Tiag otia Otgkhe, g ~ilj}jhgl

~ix}utjkc }bg} jx otjcb}ekjkclz evihg}jve io _jhbzx ~etxehu}jik gkmme~it}g}jik io @esx+

Sbjle se ul}jag}elz teèh} }be hilitdljkm aimel gkm gtcue oit }be


21/29

? jk}timuh}jik

ja~it}gkhe io tehickjpjkc }be xihjgl teglj}z io tghe, gkm jk ~gt}jhulgtgk}j!dlghfkexx, jk Otekhb ljoe, se glxi ghfkislemce }be ja~it}gkheio gkglzpjkc bis gkm sbz }bexe xihjgl oitag}jikxtghe gkm gk}j!

dlghfkexx gx sell gx }be }ekxjikx gkm ukegxjkexx evifem dz }bexe }etaxbgve deek hikx}j}u}em, me~lizem, evgmem, gkm tekgaem jk Otgkhe }imexjckg}e buagk erjx}ekhe gkm cti}exwuelz meke ljoe hbgkhex+ ]bejmegx io tghe gkm dlghfkexx jk Otgkhe hgk mjooet xjckjhgk}lz otia }bixejk }be Ukj}em X}g}ex gkm elxesbete, gkm ze}, sbg} }bexe }biucb}!~tivifjkc hbg~}etx eooeh}jvelz meaikx}tg}e jx }bg} }bexe ek}j}jex hik!x}j}u}e gk jk}ectgl ~gt} io Otgkhex kg}jikgl ~g}tjaijke, evek sbekajxtehickjpem it hikheglem+

]bjx jx ki} `ux} gk jxxue jk Otgkhe+ G hikhe~} io tghe bgx g~~egtemotia }be xbgmisx io hul}ute gkm e}bkjhj}z jk agkz Euti~egk hiuk!}tjex sbete hul}ute bgx likc xetvem gx g ~tirz+ Aiteivet, oit sellivet }be ~gx} mehgme, }bete bgx deek g cteg} megl io mjxhuxxjik gaikcEuti~egk Ukjik aeadetx gdiu} }be x~tegm io tghjxa jk Euti~e, gkmjkhtegxjkclz gk}j!dlghf tghjxa, gx ezex jk Otgkhe }utk }isgtm gkm gsgzotia }be Ukj}em X}g}ex oit di}b aimelx gkm hiuk}et aimelx }i gm!mtexx }bexe ctisjkc hikhetkx+ ]bjx diif iooetx g tjhb i~~it}ukj}z oithia~gtg}jve gkglzxjx io }bexe wuex}jikx, sbjle ~tivjmjkc g otgaesitfoit }beitjpjkc gkm te}beitjpjkc tghe, gk}j!dlghfkexx, gkm delikcjkc jkOtgkhe gkm Euti~e jk telg}jik }i }bixe sbi }tghe }bejt gh}ugl gkmxzadiljh itjcjkx }i }be hik}jkek} io Gotjhg, gkm er~texxlz }bixe sbixelo!jmek}joz gkm gte jmek}jem gx Kijt jk Otekhb xihje}z+

]bete gte agkz gx~eh}x io tghjgljpg}jik gkm dlghfkexx hiaaik }i}be Ukj}em X}g}ex }bg} g~~egt ghtixx Otgkhe0 oit jkx}gkhe, }be tile iotghe jk }be ~ilj}jhgl miagjk "e+c+, jaajctg}jik gkm x}tucclex oit te~te!xek}g}jik*6 tghjgl ~tiljkc, lgs ekoitheaek}, gkm vjilekhe gkm bix}jl!

j}z }i jaajctgk}x "gkm }bixe ~ethejvem gx xuhb*6 }be hikhek}tg}jik ioDlghfx jk liset xeh}itx io ea~lizaek}, jk }be sitx} biuxjkc gkmxhbiilx, gkm mjx~ti~it}jikg}elz jk ~tjxikx6 ukmette~texek}g}jik jkukjvetxj}jex6 gkm te~texek}g}jikx jk }be aemjg ljkfem sj}b ek}et}gjk!aek}, x~it}x, it htjae+ ]bjx ~tivjmex oet}jle ctiukmx oit xzx}eajhhia~gtjxikx+

Gkm ze}, Otgkhe gkm i}bet Euti~egk kg}jikx tevegl oukmgaek}glmjooetekhex hia~gtem }i }be Ukj}em X}g}ex ik jxxuex io tghe gkm dlghf!

kexx bjx}itjhgllz gkm g} ~texek}+ Oit erga~le, ~lgk}g}jik xlgvetz sgxki} oihuxem ik biae }ettj}itjex, gx sgx }be hgxe jk }be Ukj}em X}g}ex+Agkz Euti~egk hiuk}tjex bgve ki likc!x}gkmjkc Dlghf ~i~ulg}jik


22/29


mexhekmem otia ekxlgvem Gotjhgkx jk Euti~e+ ]be gdxekhe io di}blecgljpem tghjgl g~gt}bejm gkm g hjvjl tjcb}x aiveaek} gkm }be telg!}jvelz xagllet utdgk hikhek}tg}jikx io Dlghfx hia~gtem }i }be Ukj}em

X}g}ex gte gll ja~it}gk} mjooetekhex, evek gx }bete jx kis g htj}jhgl agxxio Dlghf hj}jpekx jk ae}ti~ilj}gk Otgkhe sbi bgve deek }bete oitceketg}jikx+ Xuhb mjooetekhex bgve mjx}jkh}lz gkm tex~eh}jvelz xbg~emhikhe~}jikx io dlghfkexx gkm dejkc, gx sell gx kg}jikgl jmek}j}jex jk}bexe xj}ex+

Gx g tgkce io }beitjx}x ~etxugxjvelz gtcue gkm ljvem teglj}z feeklzjllux}tg}ex, g aegkjkcoul mekj}jik io Otgkhe aux} ci sell dezikm}be diukmgtjex io }be Bergcik }i }tiudle keg} ki}jikx io ceictg~bz

gkm delikcjkc+ ]be hik}tivetxjgl kg}jikgl jmek}j}z medg}e lgukhbemdz ^texjmek} Kjhilgx Xgtfipz g} }be ikxe} io tecjikgl eleh}jikx jk 4>7>,g medg}e ergajkem jk }bjx diif, ogjlem }i gmmtexx sbg} hikx}j}u}exOtekhb jmek}j}z g} }bjx aiaek} gkm jk }be ou}ute+ Aite }i }be ~ijk},

sbg} }be medg}e ik kg}jikgl jmek}j}z gkm }be sell!htgo}em gkm jlluaj!kg}jkc hbg~}etx jk }bjx diif mihuaek} jk aztjgm sgzx jx }bg} jxxuex iotghe, mjxhtjajkg}jik, tghjxa, gkm teljcjiux jk}iletgkhe hik}jkue }iihhu~z hek}et x}gce jk Otekhb xihje}z+

Er~ljhj}lz kgajkc gkm jk}etticg}jkc }be }gdii gkm hik}ex}em jxxue iotghe gkm j}x jmjia, }bjx diif te~texek}x gk ja~it}gk} gkm mjx}jkh} hik!}tjdu}jik }i }be htj}jhgl xhbilgtxbj~ ik }bexe jxxuex jk telg}jik }i }be

Gotjhgk mjgx~itg gkm Otgkhe+ Sj}b j}x hia~ler gkm mzkgajh ~it}tgj}xio Dlghf er~etjekhex, j} xj}x jk }be eze io }bjx x}ita, gkm ul}jag}elziooetx kes ~etx~eh}jvex g} }bjx htj}jhgl ùkh}ute sbek Otgkhe jx hik!otik}em dz gk ukgk}jhj~g}em gkm, oit xiae, gk uksgk}em ~lutgl xihje}z}bg} aux} jkmeem gxf j}xelo0 Sbg} miex j} aegkx }i de Otekhb kis9

]bjx diif jx mjvjmem jk}i }btee ~gt}x }bg} hikkeh} gkm ùr}g~ixehtj}jhgl }beaex ukmet}gfek dz iut hik}tjdu}itx gkm jllux}tg}ex }beoukmgaek}gl gkm bjx}itjhgl tile io tghe jk di}b xud}le gkm er~ljhj}mjaekxjikx io Dlghf ljoe jk Otekhb xihje}z+ J} }gfex gk jk}etmjxhj~ljkgtzgkm aul}jmjxhj~ljkgtz g~~tighb }i }be xudèh} io Dlghf Otgkhe, iooet!jkc gkglzxex io fez jxxuex otia mjooetek} ~etx~eh}jvex gkm mjxhj~ljkex+Dlghf Otekhb x}umjex jx g telg}jvelz kes elm io jkwujtz, ike }bg} isexauhb, ljfe agkz kes dimjex io xhbilgtxbj~, }i }be jk}etgh}jik io

hik}tgx}jkc mjxhj~ljkgtz g~~tighbex+ Gx sj}b Gotjhgk mjgx~itg x}umjexjk }be Ukj}em X}g}ex, Dtj}gjk, gkm i}bet ~gt}x io }be sitlm, j} oeg}utexgkglzxex otia bjx}itjgkx, lj}etgtz xhbilgtx, gkm xihjgl xhjek}jx}x+ Hik!


23/29

2 jk}timuh}jik

xewuek}lz, se bgve oel} j} htuhjgl }i oeg}ute }bexe mjooetek} g~~tighbex,gkm aiteivet }i ~lghe }bea jk mjglicue sj}b eghb i}bet+ Eghb ~gt}}beteoite oeg}utex g hek}tgl }beae gkglzpem dz xhbilgtx otia mjooetek}

mjxhj~ljkex+^gt} 7, ]beitjpjkc gkm Kgttg}jkc Dlghfkexx gkm Delikcjkc, erga!

jkex bis dlghfkexx gkm tghe gte jagcjkem gkm diukm u~ sj}b ea~jtegkm }be ~tix~eh}x io g oitag}jik io delikcjkc }bg} bgx dehiae kg}u!tgljpem jk beceaikjh ~iset telg}jikx+ J} hik}tgx}x sjme!tgkcjkc }bei!te}jhgl ~etx~eh}jvex ik }be telg}jikxbj~ de}seek dlghfkexx gkm Otekhb!kexx sj}b aite lihgljpem gkm ~etxikgl hikxjmetg}jikx io sbg} j} aegkx}i de Dlghf jk Otgkhe+ Eljxgde}b Aumjade!Dizj ciex x}tgjcb} }i }be

begt} io }be jxxue jk bet jk}etticg}jik io }be xjckjhgkhe io }be }etadlghf jk telg}jik }i gk jmjia io dlghfkexx, di}b ~ilj}jhgl gkm xelo!teoetek}jgl+ Agagmiu Mjiuo er~litex bis }be siukmx leo} dz hilikjgl!jxa hik}jkue }i xbg~e medg}ex ik hul}utgl ~lutgljxa jk ~ix}hilikjglOtgkhe+ Cgtz Sjlmet glxi hikxjmetx Otgkhex telg}jikxbj~, ~gx} gkm~texek}, sj}b Dlghf Gotjhg, htj}jwujkc ^texjmek} Kjhilgx Xgtfipzx jk!ogaiux gmmtexx g} }be Ukjvetxj} Hbejfb Gk}g Mji~ jk Mgfgt, Xekecgl,telg}jve }i Li~ilm Xmgt Xekcbitx ki}jik io Eutgotjwue gkm j}x

dtigmet ja~ljhg}jikx+ Ojkgllz, }be ~etxikgl kgttg}jvex io }be gsgtm!sjkkjkc stj}etx Glgjk Agdgkhfiu gkm @gfe Lgagt jllux}tg}e di}b }behbgllekcex gkm tesgtmx io Dlghf ljoe gkm Dlghf jmek}j}z jk hik}ea~i!tgtz Otgkhe+

^gt} 4, ]be îlj}jhx io Dlghfkexxîlj}jhjpjkc Dlghfkexx, jkvex}j!cg}ex bis gk}j!dlghfkexx jk Otekhb xihje}z, ditk io xlgvetz, hilikjpg!}jik, gkm jaajctg}jik, ~ilj}jhgllz cglvgkjpex ctiu~x sbixe xudèh}jv!j}z "it teèh}jik }beteio * gx Dlghfx mekex kej}bet g hiaaukj}z kitg ctiu~ ~etx~eh}jve, du} tg}bet }be ljaj}x io xiljmgtj}z+ Jk te~texek}jkc

vgtjiux sgzx io dejkc gkm ki} dejkc Dlghf }bg} i~etg}e, kike}belexx,sj}bjk }be Te~udljhgk aimel, }bexe hbg~}etx glxi jllux}tg}e }be tegl~tix~eh}x oit ~ilj}jhgl aidjljpg}jik jk Otgkhe+ ]i }bjx ekm, ^g}tjhfLipx ergajkex }be ~texekhe, tgmjhgljpg}jik, gkm jkhj~jek} ~i~uljxaio }be Dlghfx io Otgkhe }btiucb }be ~tjxa io }be itcgkjpg}jik io

sbjhb be sgx uk}jl tehek}lz }be ~texjmek}, }be htgk+ Jk bjx exxgzMiajkjh ]biagx er~litex }be bi}!du}}ik jxxue io jaajctg}jik gkmkg}jikgl jmek}j}z telg}jve }i e}bki!tghjgl mjvetxj}z gkm mjxhtjajkg}jik

g} ~texek} jk Otgkhe }bg} siulm cjve eaetcekhe }i }be htgk gkmi}bet gk}j!tghjxa gxxihjg}jikx, xuhb gx lex Jkmjckex me lg Te~udljwue+Uxjkc }be kg}jikgl jmek}j}z medg}e io 4>>: gx g lekx }i ukmetx}gkm mjvet!


24/29

dlghf ag}}etx, dlghfkexx agme }i ag}}et :

cek} ~etx~eh}jvex io dlghfkexx gaikc Otekhb Dlghfx, Otem Hikx}gk}gtcuex }bez gte mjvjmem ik }bejt vjesx io tghe gkm Otekhb kg}jikgljmek}j}z, gkm iooetx gk jkxjcb}oul htj}jwue io }be gxxua~}jik io g aiki!

lj}bjh Dlghf ~etx~eh}jve jk Otgkhe+ Taz Dgpekcujxxg!Cgkcgx htj}jwueio }be vetz aegkjkc io Dlghf oit Gotjhgkx gkm Gotjhgk!mexhekmem~ei~le jk hik}ea~itgtz Otgkhe }gfex gx j}x ~ijk} io me~gt}ute }be7::>x, sbek, gx be gtcuex, agkz Gotjhgkx gkm Goti!Hgtjddegkx jk!htegxjkclz teoettem }i }beaxelvex gx Kijt jk ~i~ulgt mjxhiutxe+ Lgx}lz,Ajhbel Cjtgum hikxjmetx }be wuex}jik io dlghfkexx jk telg}jik }i Goti!Hgtjddegk jmek}j}z jk Otgkhe gkm medg}ex gdiu} }be aeaitz io xlgvetz+

^gt} 8, Dlghf ^gtjxDlghf Otgkhe, hikxjmetx }be hek}tglj}z io ^gtjx

}i }be Dlghf Gaetjhgk ajctg}jik er~etjekhe gkm Otgkhe xzadiljhgllz}i }bjx kgttg}jve jk gmmj}jik }i Otgkhe gx g clidgl kerux io Dlghfhul}ute+ Evet xjkhe }be Ojtx} Sitlm Sgt, }be Otekhb hg~j}gl bgx deek}be xj}e io Dlghf mjgx~itg jk}etgh}jikx jk auxjh, lj}etg}ute, gkm ~ilj}jhx,g tile j} hik}jkuex }i ~lgz jk }be hik}ea~itgtz etg+ ]bexe exxgzxergajke bis }bg} tile glxi dehgae ja~it}gk} oit }be hteg}jik io gxekxe io dlghfkexx }bg} jx glxi Otekhb+ Agthux Dtuhex hbg~}et jx }be~etoeh} i~ekjkc oit }bjx ~gt}, xjkhe j} oihuxex ik }be Gaetjhgk KectiErbjdj} g} }be ^gtjx Er~ixj}jik io 7:>>+ @ekkjoet Dij}}jkx hbg~}et }gfexux }i }be jk}etsgt zegtx }i hia~gte Dlghf gk}j!ja~etjgljx} gh}jvjxagkm ljoe jk g }gle io }si Otekhb hj}jex0 ^gtjx gkm Agtxejllex+ Dekke}}g

@ulex!Tixe}}e ergajkex }be xihji!bjx}itjhgl xjckjhgkhe io DlghfGaetjhgkx jk ^gtjx }btiucb g tehikxjmetg}jik io }be ljoe io @ixe~bjkeDgfet, ea~bgxjpjkc }be bjx}itz io }be Tgjkdis ]tjde gkm bet u}i~jgkmtega io ukjvetxgl xiljmgtj}z+ Gtle}}e Otukm hikhlumex }bjx ~gt} sj}b ghbg~}et }bg} er~litex }be aegkjkc io Dlghf Otgkhe dz ergajkjkc gxetjex io hiaaeaitg}jve ~ti`eh}x jk }be Otekhb hg~j}gl gjaem g} keci!

}jg}jkc gkm hikx}tuh}jkc ghhe~}gdle Dlghf jmek}j}jex+Glljxik Dlgfelzx hbg~}et xetvex gx g }}jkc himg }i }bjx viluae+

Dlgfelz hia~gtex }be Otekhb medg}ex ivet dlghf jmek}j}z }i xjajlgthikxjmetg}jikx jk i}bet Euti~egk hiuk}tjex, jllux}tg}jkc }be }tgkx!kg}jikgl xjckjhgkhe io }be x}umz io Dlghf Otgkhe+

Hikhluxjik0 ]be Xjlekhex ]bg} Dljkm Ux

Jkevj}gdlz, sj}b xuhb g tjhb }i~jh, ike hgk egxjlz }bjkf io i}bet }beaexsit}bz io er~litg}jik }bg} eaetce gkm gte xudaetcem jk g aul}j!


25/29

7> jk}timuh}jik

~etx~eh}jve ergajkg}jik io }be Dlghf ~texekhe jk Otgkhe, }i~jhx }bg}~ijk} }i di}b }be keem oit gkm xjckjhgkhe io Goti)Dlghf OtekhbX}umjex jk Otgkhe gkm }tgjkem xhbilgtx jk }bjx elm+ Cekmet, evetzmgz

tghjxa, oeajkjx} }biucb}, la x}umjex, jk}etxeh}jikglj}z, gkm lecgl x}um!jex x~ehjh }i Dlghfx gte gaikc i}bet gtegx tj~e oit out}bet er~litg!}jik, xjkhe }bez ~et}gjk }i bjx}itjhgl gkm ~texek} Dlghf er~etjekhex jkOtgkhe+ Jxxuex io ~etoitag}jvj}z, ex~ehjgllz sj}b tecgtm }i auxjh gkm}i g}ble}jhx, bgve ~lgzem g ag`it tile jk }be Otekhb Dlghf er~etjekhe+Otia `gpp }i bj~ bi~ gkm Goti!~i~, auxjh bgx ki} iklz otewuek}lzmekem dlghfkexx jk Otgkhe, du} glxi ~tivjmem x~ghex oit Dlghfx jkOtekhb xihje}z+ X~it} bgx glxi eaetcem gx g fez lihux io dlghfkexx gkm

gk}j!dlghfkexx, ex~ehjgllz sj}b tecgtm }i oii}dgll g} di}b }be lihgl gkmkg}jikgl levelx+ Jk ogh}, gx te~it}em dz }be Euti~egk Hiaajxxjikgcgjkx} Tghjxa gkm Jk}iletgkhe "ehtj*, }be Hiukhjl io Euti~ex jkme!~ekmek} buagk tjcb}x aikj}itjkc dimz, gk}j!dlghf tghjxa ~etxjx}x jkaeadet X}g}ex, io}ek }gfjkc er}teae oitax, xuhb gx itcgkjpem g}}ghfxgcgjkx} jkmjvjmuglx gkm hiaaukj}jex+ Hiliut!telg}em jkxul}x gte sjme!x~tegm mutjkc x~it}x gh}jvj}jex+ Het}gjklz }be oii}dgll wui}g xhgkmgljk 4>77 tejkoithex }bjx ~ijk} sbjle jllux}tg}jkc bis tghjxa gkm gk}j!

dlghf tghjxa higlexhe, gx erea~ljem dz }be Otekhb Oii}dgll Oemetg!}jikx "ooo* g}}ea~} }i ljaj} }be kuadet io Dlghf gkm Gtgd ~lgzetx ik}be kg}jikgl }ega+

Wuex}jikx io xeruglj}z gte gki}bet elm io jkwujtz sell sit}b me!veli~jkc+ ]be tjxe io Dlghf wueet }beitz jk Dtj}gjk gkm }be Ukj}emX}g}ex glxi xe}x g tjhb gcekmg oit x}umjex io Dlghf Otgkhe }bg} hbgllekceux }i hikxjmet bis jmegx io kitag}jve xeruglj}z bgve jk}etgh}em sj}b}be agtcjkgljpg}jik io tghjgljpem I}betx jk Otekhb xihje}z gkm hul}ute+Jk gmmj}jik, }be jxxue io ukhia~ekxg}em gkm er~lij}g}jve lgdit, xi

te~uckgk}lz er~texxem jk ^gul Cuetlgjkx teagtfx, aetj} out}bet x}umz+Di}b xlgvetz gkm jaajctg}jik, }si fez teoetekhe ~ijk}x io }be Dlghfhikmj}jik jk Otgkhe, gte gdive gll xzx}eax oit er}tgh}jkc lgdit ~iset+Agkz io }be aix} ~isetoul jagcex io Dlghfx jk Otgkhe, otia }be

Gotjhgk jaajctgk}x xsee~jkc }be x}tee}x io ^gtjx sj}b }sjc dtiiax }i}be Dlghf Gaetjhgk auxjhjgkx ~etoitajkc jk kjcb}hludx, gte gdiu}~ei~le ki} xja~lz sitfjkc oit g ljvjkc, du} aix} het}gjklz sitfjkc oitg ljoe+

Gll io }bexe jxxuex, gkm aite, sjll bi~eoullz tehejve cteg}et xhbilgtlzgkglzxjx jk zegtx }i hiae, gkm ou}ute x}umjex sjll ki miud} dtjkc kesjkxjcb}x gkm xhbilgtxbj~ ik }bexe xud`eh}x x~ehjh ki} iklz }i Otgkhe


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du} glxi Euti~e stj} lgtce+ Se bi~e }bg} }bjx diif sjll bel~ out}betikcijkc gkglzxex gkm }be medg}ex }bg} gtjxe otia }bea+ Gx }bez xgjm jkAgz 7:?2, He kex} wuuk mdu}'

Ki}ex

7+ ]be ~ilj}jhx io kg}jikgl jmek}j}z jk Otgkhe bgve cjvek tjxe }i hik}ea~i!tgtz vijhex io Gotjhgk itjcjk "Kit}b gkm xud!Xgbgtgk* sbi gte ~tehjxelz hgll!jkc jk}i wuex}jik sbg} hikx}j}u}ex jkmjcekj}z jk Otgkhe gajm cteg} hikx}etkg!}jik+ Xee LG~~el mex jkmjckex me lg t~udljwue0 kiux xiaaex lex jkmjckexme lg t~udljwue' sed xj}e ioLex jkmjckex me lg t~udljwue, @gkugtz 4>, 4>>5+

4+ Sell jk gmvgkhe io }be htgk, g kuadet io ctiu~x ekcgcem jk sbg} hiulmde hbgtgh}etjpem gx Dlghf gh}jvjxa gkm jkhj~jek} Dlghf ~i~uljxa jk Otgkhe+Gx }be xihjilicjx} Gdmiulgze Cueze gtcuex, ]be eaetcekhe io }be htgk jxkej}bet gk jxilg}em kit g ukjwue evek} jk Otgkhe6 j} jx ~gt} io g hik}jkuj}z jk g~ilj}jhgllz!jkoitaem mzkgajh gaikcx} ~ei~le io Gotjhgk mexhek}+ ]be htgkjx ~tidgdlz }be aix} vjxjdle, }be aix} jkffluek}jgl, gkm }be aix} ceketgljx}itcgkjpg}jik io Gotjhgk!mexhekmem ~ei~le+ + + + ^tjit }i }be eaetcekhe io }behtgk, gxxihjg}jikx xuhb gx }be Hilleh}jo cglj}, oiukmem jk 7::26 Gotjhgcitg,hteg}em jk 7:::6 Hethle mGh}jik ~iut lg ^tiai}jik me lg Mjvetxj}, oiukmemjk 4>>=6 gkm }be Mjgx~itg Gotjhgjke, oitaem jk 7:25, sete gll hiaaj}}em }ixbg~jkc g Dlghf jmek}j}z jk Otgkhe gkm }i meoekmjkc }be jk}etex}x gkm tjcb}xio ~ei~le io Gotjhgk mexhek} tecgtmlexx io }bejt }ettj}itjgl er}tgh}jik, ~lghe io

djt}b, xihjgl hlgxx, it gmajkjx}tg}jve x}g}ux+ G+ Cueze, Dtegfjkc }be Xjlekhe0}be Eaetcekhe io g Dlghf Hilleh}jve _ijhe jk Otgkhe, Mu Dijx Tevjes0 XihjglXhjekhe Texegthb ik Tghe 3, ki+ 7 "4>7>*0 24+

8+ Xee }be hia~elljkc sitf ik xlgvetz gkm }be tehek}etjkc io }be ekxlgvemg} }be begt} io aimetkj}z dz }be ~ilj}jhgl xhjek}jx} Otgkijxe _etcx, sbi jxglxi }be ~texjmek} io }be Hiaj} ~iut lg Aaijte e} lBjx}ijte me lExhlgvgce0

_etcx,Lbiaae ~tmg}eut"^gtjx0 Gldjk Ajhbel, 4>77*+=+ Glljgkhe Kijte Hj}izekke eaetcem gdiu} ve zegtx gci gkm dehgae

aite vjxjdle }btiucb j}x itcgkjpem dizhi}} io }be Cuetlgjk diu}jwue ik }beHbga~x!lzxex gkm }be u~xhgle me~gt}aek} x}ite Cgletjex Lgogze}}e+ Jk}et!kgl }i }be ctiu~ jx g hilleh}jve fkisk gx Lg Dtjcgme Gk}j!kcti~bidje, sbjhb

sgx vjilek}lz er~ellem otia }be hiaaeaitg}jik io }be gdilj}jik io xlgvetzevek} ik Agz 7>, 4>77+ ]be aeadetx segtjkc io }bejt ctiu~x }!xbjt} }i }beheteaikz jk }be Lureadiutc Cgtmekx }tjccetem g xsjo} ~iljhe tegh}jik }bg}

sgx hgucb} ik la gkm sek} vjtgl jk Otgkhe gkm dezikm+5+ ]be jk}ekxe jk}etex} jk }be tile io dlghfkexx jk Otekhb ljoe bgx glxi

~timuhem g ffliim }jme io stj}jkc }bg} er~litex }bjx wuex}jik otia g vgtje}z io


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74 jk}timuh}jik

~etx~eh}jvex }bg} gte jk agkz sgzx g ~tilikcg}jik io hilikjgl gkm ~ix}hili!kjgl sitf x~ehjh }i }be Gotjhgk mjgx~itg jk Otgkhe+ Ex~ehjgllz xjkhe 4>>5, gkuadet io sitfx bgve eaetcem ik }bexe }i~jhx }bg} jkhlume Aixe Umjki,

Hit~x kijtx, }}ex t~udljhgjkex0 le ~gtgmire gk}jllgjx "^gtjx0 ^txekhe Gotjhgjke,4>77*, Otgkijx Mut~gjte, Otgkhe dlgkhbe, hilte kijte "^gtjx0 Imjle @ghid,4>>?*6 Tgag Zgme!Pjae},Kijtx me Otgkhe "^gtjx0 Hglagkk!Lvz, 4>>3*6 ^g}!tjhf Lipx,Kiux lex kijtx me Otgkhe "^gtjx0 Mgkcet ûdljh, 4>>3*6 @egk!LiujxXgci}!Muvgutiur, Ik ke kg} ~gx kijt, ik le mevjek} "^gtjx0 Gldjk Ajhbel,4>>=*6 @egk!Dg~}jx}e Ikgkg, Xijx kcte e} }gjx!}ij' "Kgk}ex0 mj}jikx mu]ea~x, 4>>3*6 gkm ^g~ Kmjgze, Lg hikmj}jik kijte0 exxgj xut uke ajkitj}

otgkgjxe "^gtjx0 Hglagkk Lvz, 4>>2*, g agìt x}umz jk Otgkhe }bg} }teg}x }bebjx}itz gkm hikhe~}ugljpg}jik io }be kg}jikx Dlghfx+ Oit i}bet bjx}itjhgl

x}umjex, xee ^+ B+ Diulle, Tghe e} exhlgvgce mgkx lg Otgkhe me lGkhjek Tcjae"^gtjx0 êttjk, 4>>3*6 A+ Hi}}jgx,Lg wuex}jik kijte0 Bjx}ijte muke hikx}tuh}jikhilikjgle "^gtjx0 Dgzgtm, 4>>3*6 Z+ Hbi}gtm, Lex ~it}x e} lg }tgj}e kctjte0Otgkhe "Kgk}ex0 Gkkegur me lg aaijte, 4>>3*6 @+ G+ Dij}}jk, Hilikjgl Ae!}ti~iljx0 ]be Utdgk Ctiukmx io Gk}j!ja~etjgljxa gkm Oeajkjxa jk Jk}etsgt

^gtjx "Ljkhilk0 Ukjvetxj}z io Kedtgxfg ^texx, 4>7>*6 _+ Blkik, Otekhb Hg!tjddegkx jk Gotjhg0 Mjgx~itjh Hikkeh}jikx gkm Hilikjgl Gmajkjx}tg}jik, 722>7:8: "Kes Zitf0 ^glctgve Aghajllgk, 4>77*6 ^+ Dlgkhbgtm, + Metii, gkm X+Hbglgze, Lg Otgkhe Kijte0 }tijx xjhlex me ~txekhex mex Gotjwuex, mex Hgtgdex, me

lihgk jkmjek e} mIhgkje "^gtjx0 Lg Mhiuvet}e, 4>77*+ Glxi tehiaaekmemgte erjx}jkc gkm oit}bhiajkc stj}jkcx dz Hlgume Tjdde gkm }be gsgtm!

sjkkjkc bjx}itjgk Mjeumikk Ckgaagkfiu ik Glergkmte Muagx, sbjhber~lite gkm mihuaek} }be Gotjhgk gkhex}tz gkm dlghfkexx io }bjx heledtg}emOtekhb stj}et+ Gmmj}jikgllz xee Ckgaagkfiux sitf ik }be Tuxxjgk ~ie}

Glergkmet ûxfjkx cteg}!ctgkmog}bet, Gdtgbga Bgkkjdgl, jkGdtgbga Bgkj!dgl, lgeul kijt me îuhbfjke "^gtjx0 ^txekhe Gotjhgjke, 7::?*+ Xee glxi Lg~ekxe kijte0 lex }er}ex oikmgaek}gur, jk g x~ehjgl jxxue ioLe îjk}, G~tjlAgz 4>>:+

?+ Oit gk jlluajkg}jkc gkglzxjx io }be ki}jik io jk)vjxjdle ukjvetxgl dim!jex, xee K+ ûsgt, X~ghe Jkvgmetx0 Tghe, Cekmet gkm Dimjex Iu} io ^lghe "Kes

Zitf0 Detc, 4>>=*+3+ Kecti~bjljg bete teoetx }i }be oitag}jik aix} ki}em mutjkc }be 7:4>x

gkm 7:8>x }i jmek}joz g sbj}e diutceijx exhg~jx} gkm ~tjaj}jvjx} cgpe, jk!meem idxexxjik, sj}b gll }bjkcx Kecti, jk ~gt}jhulgt gt}, auxjh, gkm x~it}x+Xee, e+c+, @+ Hljooitm, Kecti~bjljg, jk G Kes Bjx}itz io Otekhb Lj}etg}ute"Hgadtjmce0 Bgtvgtm Ukjvetxj}z ^texx, 7:2:*, :>726 gkm ^+ Gthbet!X}tgs,

Kecti~bjljg0 Gvgk}!Cgtme ^gtjx gkm Dlghf Hul}ute jk }be 7:4>x "Kes Zitf0

]bgaex gkm Bumxik, 4>>>*+2+ Xee, e+c+, D+ Mji~, I+ ]idket, gkm O+ _etxhbgve, Kcti~bidje "^gtjx0

Gtkex, 4>>5*+


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:+ ]be gk}j!tghjxa gxxihjg}jik Lex Jkmjvjxjdlex eooeh}jvelz me~lizx buait}i htj}jwue }bjx vetz ~ijk} hikhetkjkc }be gkrje}jex gtiukm }be uxe io }be

sitm kijt jk ~udljh mjxhiutxe jk Otgkhe, sbjhb jx sell jllux}tg}em jk }bejt

xbit} laKgzep ~gx ~eut mu kijt + + +, tehickjpem g} }be Otgkhe Kijte)DlghfOtgkhe la oex}jvgl jk 4>7> jk ^gtjx, itcgkjpem dz Gtle}}e Otukm, ]tjhgMgkjelle Feg}ik, ]tghz Xbgt~lez!Sbj}jkc, gkm Agdiulg Xiuagbiti+ Xee }be

sed xj}e io Lex Jkmjvjxjdlex oit }bjx la+7>+ Jk }bjx hik}er}, j} degtx ki}jkc gmmj}jikgllz }bg} }be ~ilj}jhjgk, stj}et,

gkm xhbilgt Hbtjx}jgke ]gudjtg jx ike io vetz oes siaek gkm oghex io hilitjk }be Otekhb ^gtljgaek} gkm }bg} jk 4>>4 xbe sgx g ki}esit}bz ~texjmek}jglhgkmjmg}e jk Otgkhe+

77+ Oit aite ik Hbtjx}jgke ]gudjtgx ~ixj}jik ik }be lgs }bg} degtx bet

kgae gkm bet ~ilj}jhgl ~ixj}jikx, xee ]gudjtg, cglj} ~iut lex erhlux "^gtjx0]ea~x ^txek}, 4>>:*, gaikc bet i}bet ~udljhg}jikx+

74+ Hiaaukj}gtjgk jk Otgkhe jx g~~tebekmem gx g mjvjxjve gkm te`eh}emaul}jhul}utgljxa dgxem ik tghe }bg} jx ewug}em ~tjagtjlz sj}b }be Ukj}emX}g}ex gkm }be Ukj}em Fjkcmia, gkm jx belm }i de jkmjhg}jve io jmek}j}z~ilj}jhx gkm xiljmgtj}z oitag}jikx ~temjhg}em ik jk}tjkxjh tghjgl exxek}jgljxax+

78+ Jk gmmj}jik }i }be agckua i~ux io }be ~tiae}begk ~ie}, jk}elleh}ugl,gkm ~ilj}jhjgk Gja Hxgjte, xee bjx tevegljkc vjesx ik }bjx gkm i}bet jxxuex~et}gjkjkc }i xlgvetz, hilikjpg}jik, gkm mjxhtjajkg}jik jk ike io bjx lgx}

jk}etvjesx0 O+ _etcx,Gja Hxgjte, kcte e xujx, kcte e tex}etgj0 ek}te}jekx gvehO+ _etcx "^gtjx0 Gldjk Ajhbel, 4>>5*+ Xee glxi }be gsgtm!sjkkjkc laagfetgkm stj}et Eupbgk ^glhzx mihuaek}gtzGja Hxgjte0 G _ijhe oit Bjx}itz,telegxem jk 7::=+

7=+ ]be kg}jikgl medg}e jk 4>7> ik Otekhb jmek}j}z sgx vjesem xfe~}jhgllzgkm htj}jhjpem begvjlz gx ze} gki}bet g}}ea~} dz Kjhbilgx Xgtfipz }i hiut}ul}tg!hikxetvg}jve gk}j!jaajctgk} vi}ex, xbite u~ dikg mex jk tecjikx mia!jkg}em dz }be Kg}jikgl Otik}, gkm tejkvjcitg}e bjx hik}tivetxjgl Ajkjx}tz ioJaajctg}jik, Jk}ectg}jik, Kg}jikgl Jmek}j}z, gkm Hii~etg}jve Meveli~aek}+

]bjx cgadle, jk }be ekm, mjm ki} deke} Xgtfipz0 }be Leo} sik }sek}z!ike io}be }sek}z!}si tecjikx+

75+ Jk }bjx tecgtm, ja~it}gk} hia~gtg}jve sitf sj}b }beitjx}x sbi bgvegltegmz er}ekxjvelz stj}}ek ik }bexe }i~jhx, xuhb gx ^bjliaekg Exxem, Fja!

detl Htekxbgs, ^g}tjhjg Bjll!Hilljkx, gkm Bit}ekxe X~jlletx, gaikc i}betx,siulm de jk}elleh}ugllz ogxhjkg}jkc gkm jkx}tuh}jve+

7?+ Euti~egk Hiaajxxjik gcgjkx} Tghjxa gkm Jk}iletgkhe, Gkkugl Te!~it}, 4>>:, ~+ :, ik }be sed xj}e io }be Hiukhjl io Euti~e+

73+ X}umjex gmmtexxjkc }bexe }beaex jkhlume @+ @ghfxik,Agfjkc @gpp Otekhb0

Auxjh gkm Aimetk Ljoe jk Jk}etsgt ^gtjx "Mutbga0 Mufe Ukjvetxj}z ^texx,4>>8*6 @+ Sjkmetx,^gtjx Gotjhgjk0 Tbz}bax io }be Gotjhgk Mjgx~itg "Kes Zitf0^glctgve Aghajllgk, 4>>?*6 @+ ]jai}be, Hbga~jikx kijtx, tghjxae dlgkh9 Lg


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7= jk}timuh}jik

a}ti~ile e} lex x~it}jox kijtx ek hik}er}e hilikjgl, 7:>77:== "Ctekidle0^texxex Ukjvetxj}gjtex me Ctekidle, 4>>?*6 L+ Mudijx, Xihhet Ea~jte0 ]beSitlm Hu~ gkm }be Ou}ute io Otgkhe "Detfelez0 Ukjvetxj}z io Hgljoitkjg ^texx,

4>77*6 ^+ Dekxik, Dg}}ljkc Xjfj0 G ]gle io Tjkc Ojrex, Tghe, gkm Autmet jk }be7:4>x "Ogze}}evjlle0 Ukjvetxj}z io Gtfgkxgx ^texx, 4>>?*6 B+ @+ Elga gkm F+

@ghfxik, emx+, Dlghf Hul}utgl ]tgoh0 Htixxtigmx jk Clidgl êtoitagkhe gkmî~ulgt Hul}ute "Gkk Gtdit0 Ukjvetxj}z io Ajhbjcgk ^texx, 4>>5*6 F+ Aethet,Selhiae }i }be @ukcle0 Kes îxj}jikx jk Dlghf Hul}utgl X}umjex "Kes Zitf0Tiu}lemce, 7::=*6 A+ Sgtket, em+, Oegt io g Wueet ^lgke}0 Wueet îlj}jhx gkmXihjgl ]beitz "Ajkkeg~iljx0 Ukjvetxj}z io Ajkkexi}g ^texx, 7::8*6 @+!^+Tihhbj, Lj}}tg}ute e} a}g~xzhbgkglzxe me lg tghe, ]uaul}ex 87 "4>>2*6 A+Xgauel, Le ~til}gtjg} gotjhgjk kijt ek Otgkhe0 }aijckgcex "^gtjx0 Agx~eti,

7:32*6 @+ Gmlgjme!Aetlgkme,Lex itjcjkex mu aiuveaek} iuvtjet ek Agt}jkjwue,723>7:>> "^gtjx0 Fgt}bglg, 4>>>*+

Documents

Black France/France Noire edited by Trica Danielle Keaton, T. Denean Sharpley-Whiting and Tyler Stovall