BIOMASSBIOMASS

World total World total EnergyEnergy SupplySupply

Global Global WarmingWarming

WhatWhat is a Biofuelis a Biofuel

Solid Solid biomassbiomass and animal and animal productsproductsGas/Gas/LiquidsLiquids from from BiomassBiomassMunicipal Municipal wastewasteIndustrial Industrial wastewasteAgricultural wasteAgricultural wasteDedicatedDedicated energyenergy plantsplants

BiomassBiomass utilisationutilisation

Forest Forest industryindustry sectorsector (Black (Black liquor+otherliquor+otherbiomassbiomass))DistrictDistrict heatingheating sectorsector in Sweden, (25 in Sweden, (25 TWh 2000. 4 TWh 2000. 4 timestimes increaseincrease sincesince 1990)1990)Single Single familyfamily houseshouses (Wood logs)(Wood logs)Biogas Biogas

Black Black LiquorLiquor GasificationGasification

ContentContent

Black Black LiquorLiquorRecoveryRecovery boilersboilersGasificationGasification of Black of Black LiquorLiquorBlack Black LiquorLiquor as as AutomotiveAutomotive fuelfuelOngoingOngoing research at LTUresearch at LTU

Black Black LiquorLiquor in in perspectiveperspective

ProductProduct MtonMton//yearyear FuelFuel MtonsMtons//yearyearGrainGrain 13501350Iron/SteelIron/Steel 810810SaltSalt 120120MilkMilk 419419PotatoesPotatoes 220220Black Black LiquorLiquor 150150SugarSugar 50

OilOil 38003800CoalCoal 22002200GasGas 18501850GasolineGasoline 10001000Black Black LiquorLiquor 150150

50

Black Black LiquorLiquor in the in the ””Chemical Chemical worldworld””

ConstituentsConstituents of of SodiumSodium NaOHNaOH, Na, Na22S, NaS, Na22COCO33, , NaNa22SOSO44TypicalTypical ElementaryElementary AnalysisAnalysis

CC 39%39%HH 4%4%OO 34%34%NaNa 19%19%SS 4%4%

WhereWhere doesdoes black black liquorliquor come come from ?from ?

Black liquor is produced in the pulping Black liquor is produced in the pulping processprocessWhite liquor is used as cooking liquid. White liquor is used as cooking liquid. Organic material is dissolved into the Organic material is dissolved into the white liquor to produce black liquorwhite liquor to produce black liquorImportant to recover the black liquor Important to recover the black liquor because there are no other utilisation because there are no other utilisation areas of interestareas of interest

ContentContent

Black Black LiquorLiquorRecoveryRecovery boilersboilersGasificationGasification of Black of Black LiquorLiquorBlack Black LiquorLiquor as as AutomotiveAutomotive fuelfuelOngoingOngoing research at LTUresearch at LTU

RecoveryRecovery BoilersBoilers

Pulp

BlackLiquor

RecoveryBoiler

Digester

White Liquor

Wood chips

Caustizisation

Green Liquor

Steam

Steam Turbine

ContentContent

Black Black LiquorLiquorRecoveryRecovery boilersboilersGasificationGasification of Black of Black LiquorLiquorBlack Black LiquorLiquor as as AutomotiveAutomotive fuelfuelOngoingOngoing research at LTUresearch at LTU

GasificationGasification of Black of Black LiquorLiquor

GASIFIER

Green Liquor

Flue gases

Gas TurbineSteam generator

Steam Turbine

Steam

Exhaust gases

BlackLiquor

EstimatedEstimated Black Black LiquorLiquor ProductionProduction

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Bla

ck L

iquo

r as

Dry

Sol

ids

(Mto

n)

0.0

0.6

1.2

1.8

2.4

3.0

3.6

App

rox.

Ene

rgy

Con

tent

, LHV

(EJ)

South AmericaOceaniaNorth AmericaEuropeAsiaAfrica

Japan50 TWh

South America44 TWh

Sweden39 TWh

World~ 600 TWh

ASIA80 TWh

Europe120 TWh

North America350 TWh

Electric Power Potential from Electric Power Potential from GasificationGasification

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040

Elec

tric

ity G

ener

ated

(TW

h)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20Max Potential BLGCC

Max Potential New Recovery Boilers

Current Recovery Boilers

Max potential BLGCC

Max potential for new Recovery boilers

Existing Recovery boilers

BenefitsBenefits from BL from BL gasificationgasification

IncreasedIncreased electricityelectricity supplysupply: 1000 MW: 1000 MW

ApproximatelyApproximately 600 600 RecoveryRecovery Boilers in the Boilers in the world today: Investment in order of world today: Investment in order of 1 billion SEK1 billion SEK

ContentContent

Black Black LiquorLiquorRecoveryRecovery boilersboilersGasificationGasification of Black of Black LiquorLiquorBlack Black LiquorLiquor as as AutomotiveAutomotive fuelfuelOngoingOngoing research at LTUresearch at LTU

Black Black LiquorLiquor as as AutomotiveAutomotive FuelFuel

Gas TurbineSteam generator

Steam Turbine

Steam

Exhaust gases

GASIFIER

Green Liquor

Flue gases

BlackLiquor Chemical Synthesis

Automotive FuelsH2, DME, Methanol

Schematic of a methanol/DME Schematic of a methanol/DME production plant production plant

Biofuel

Districtheating

DistillationGas coolerand cleanerGasifying

Air/oxygen

CO2 shift Methanolsynthesis

Methanol/DME

Drying

Biofuel

Districtheating

DistillationGas coolerand cleanerGasifying

Air/oxygen

CO2 shift Methanolsynthesis

Methanol/DME

Drying

Black Black LiquorLiquor as as AutomotiveAutomotive fuelfuel

Black Liquor Energy

39 TWh

20 TWh

DME

24 TWh

Hydrogen

20 TWh

Methanol

20 TWh 20 TWh correspondscorresponds to 25% to to 25% to SwedenSweden’’ssdemanddemand of of automotiveautomotive fuelsfuels yearyear 20002000

ContentContent

Black Black LiquorLiquorRecoveryRecovery boilersboilersGasificationGasification of Black of Black LiquorLiquorBlack Black LiquorLiquor as as AutomotiveAutomotive fuelfuelResearch at LTUResearch at LTU

Research at LTUResearch at LTU

EightEight subprojectssubprojects in in cooperationcooperation with ETC, with ETC, UmeUmeåå, Chalmers and LTU, Chalmers and LTUDP1 under DP1 under constructionconstruction in Pitein Piteåå

The The ””ChemrecChemrec--processprocess””

FlowFlow entrainedentrainedreactorreactorHigh High temperaturetemperaturegasificationgasification

The The QuenchQuench

Green liquor

Primary quench

Weak wash

Cooling ring

Gas to CCC

Secondary quench("bubble bath")

Water

Condensate

Gas from reactor

CFD SimulationsCFD SimulationsInlet Inlet

OutletOutlet

Green Liquor Green Liquor

CFD SimulationsCFD Simulations

Inlet Inlet

Greenliquor

CFD SimulationsCFD Simulations

Inlet

Outlet

Inlet

CFD SimulationsCFD Simulations

Outlet Outlet

Green Liquor

Inlet Inlet

Green Liquor

Particle size 3 mm Particle size 10 µm

ForecastForecast SwedenSwedenEnergy supply 2050

050

100150200250300350400450500

År 1995 År 2050 8Mt C

År 2050 4Mt C

TWh/

year

SpillvärmeVätgasSolenergiVindkraftBiobränsleOlja/KolGasKärnkraftVattenkraft

d