BLEEDING AND WOUND CARE power

8/7/2019 BLEEDING AND WOUND CARE power

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BLEEDING` Is the loss ofblood or blood escape from the circulatory

system.

` The escape of blood, as from an injured vessel.

` Is a common reason for the application of first aid

measures and can be internal or external.


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` Refers to the loss of blood. Bleeding can happen inside the

body (internally) or outside the body (externally). It may

occur:

` Inside the body when blood leaks from blood vessels or

organs.

` Outside the body when blood flows through a natural

opening (such as the vagina, mouth, or rectum).

` Outside the body when blood moves

through a break in the skin


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PROCEDURE

` First Aid for Bleeding:` Remove or cut the patients clothing to find the wound.

` Press directly on the wound with clean dressing, absorbent

pads, bandages, gauze or cloth.

` Keep pressing until the bleeding stops.

` Do not remove the dressing even if it becomes saturated

with blood. If necessary, place newdressing over saturated ones.


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` For injuries in arms or legs, raise the wounded area until it is

above heart level. Note: Dont elevate a fractured limb.

` Wrap a belt, rope or piece of fabric between the patients

heart and his/her wound to create a tourniquet.Wrap it

loosely enough to place a stick or rigid object under the

tourniquet next to the skin. Turn the stick to tighten the

tourniquet, but dont strangle the limb. Dont loosen the

tourniquet until emergency rescue workers arrive.

`


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External Bleeding

Internal Bleeding

y Acut or scratch may be so minor that treatment isunnecessary.

y Occurs when blood can be seen coming from an openwound.

y Refers to a tore wound or can be seen wound


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y For External Bleeding:

y Askin wound.

y Dark red blood gushes or flows from veins.

y Bright red blood spurts from arteries.

y Blood oozes from capillaries. The bleeding usuallyclots off by itself.


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ARTERIAL

y Refers to a conduct blood away from the heart lead tothe capillaries.

y Are blood vessels that carry blood away fromthe heart.

y Is an elastic vessel that is adapted

for carrying the blood away fromthe heart under high pressure.


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y Its the most serious type of bleeding.

y It has a great deal of blood lost in a very

short time.

y Also is less likely to clot more likely with

deep injures.

y Is characterized by spurts with each beat

of the heart


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y Refers to a path way that roughly parallels

those of the arteries.

y The microscopic vessels thatcontinue from the capillaries and merge

from veins.


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y Veins flow steadily or gushes.

y Bleeding is easier to control than arterial.

y Is generally slower and steady but can still be serious.

y Is characterized by a steady flow and the blood is dark.


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y Its the most connect the smallest arterioles andsmallest venuels.

y Refers to the extensions of the smallest linings ofarterioles in walls.


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y It is the most common from of bleeding.

y Usually is not serous and can be controlled easily.

y Occurs with shallow cut or scrapes and often to stopsoon.

y Is usually slow, oozing in nature and this type of

bleeding usually has a higher risk of infection thanother types of bleeding.


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y It occurs when the skin is not broken andblood is not seen.

y Comes from injuries that do not breakthe skin.

y What to look for sign of internal bleedingInternal:

y Bleeding may take day to appear.

y Bruises or contusions of the skin.

y Painful, Tender, Rigid, Bruised and abdomen.

y Vomiting or coughing up blood.


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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OFINTERNAL

BLEEDINGARE:

y bruised,swollen, tender or rigid abdomen.

y bruises on chest or signs of fractured ribs.

y blood in vomit.

y wounds that have penetrated the chest or abdomen.

y bleeding from the rectum or vagina.

y abnormal pulse and difficulty breathing.

y cool, moist skin


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y Is a type ofinjuryin which skin is torn, cut or punctured.

y Asimilar injury to the tissue of a plant.

y An injury or hurt to feelings, sensibilities, reputation, etc.


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ABRASION

y Occur when the top skin is scaped off.

y Superficial wounds in which the topmost layer ofthe skin (the epidermis) is scraped off.

y Ascraping or scratching.


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CauseyAre Scrape road rash and rug burn.

y May be the result of a fall, or of sliding (friction)

against rough surfaces. The road rash often suffered

by falling motorcyclists.


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y Refers to cut skin with jagged.

yAlso closely resembling a tear than a slice.

y Wounded tissue is random rather than straight indirection


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CAUSE

yAn object with a broken orserrated edge, such as a

piece of broken glass or metal, but may also be

caused by a blow from a blunt object to tissue with

bone immediately behind it.

yA forceful object tearing away of skin tissue.


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y Straight edges to the wound margins, as if sliced with

a knife.

y Causey By a variety of objects, including a scalpel, a knife,

any piece of straight, sharp metal, or a piece of

glass.


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y Usually deep.

y Sharp object penetrates the tissue, and travelsinternally, but does not move laterally in any direction

from the point of entry.

y Occasionally, the object causing the injury will remainin the wound as an impaled object.


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Cause

y Substantial internal bleeding or secondary injuries,

such as a collapsed lung, which may not be readilyevident during primary assessment.

y Astab wound from a knife or other sharp object, or a

bullet wound would be examples of this type of injury.y Astab wound from a nail or a knife.


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y A full thickness laceration-type wound.

y Often curved in shape.

y A piece of skin is torn loose and is hanging from thebody.

Amputationy Is the removal of a body extremity by trauma orsurgery.

y I

t is used to control pain or a disease process in theaffected limb, such as malignancy organgrene.

y Involves the cutting or tearing off a body part such asfingers, toe, hand, foot and arms or leg.


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y

Involves the cleaning and dressing a wound to preventinfection protect the wound so that heat can occur.

y Objective :

y

Controlling the bleeding is the priority.y Do not waste time cleaning a wound that is the priority.

y Victims wound should be cleaned to help prevent

infection.

y It should be done anyway for shallow wounds.


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y Scrub your hands vigorously with soap and water puton medical exams gloves if available.

y Choose a dressing larger than the wound.

y Clean the wound

y Wash inside the wound with soap and water.

y

Use of tweezers to remove small objects not flushedout by irrigation with sterile tweezers.

y Cover the wound with a sterile and bandage(adhersivebandage with nonstick pad).


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OTHERS

` TREATMENT` Put on disposable gloves.

` Apply direct pressure to the wound with a pad (e.g. a

clean cloth) or fingers until a sterile dressing is available.


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` Raise and support the injured limb. Take particular care if

you suspect a bone has been broken.

` Lay the casualty down to treat for shock.

` Lay the casualty down to treat for shock.


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` Bandage the pad or dressing firmly to control bleeding, butnot so tightly that it stops the circulation to fingers or toes. Ifbleeding seeps through first bandage, cover with a secondbandage. If bleeding continues to seep through bandage,remove it and reapply.

` Dial 999 for an ambulance.

` Remember: protect yourself from infection by wearingdisposable gloves and covering any wounds on your hands.

` If blood comes through the dressing do not remove it bandage another over the original.

` If blood seeps through both dressings, remove them bothand replace with a fresh dressing, applying pressure over thesite of bleeding.


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yAdditional care:

y If bleeding restarts apply pressure over wound

yAlso for wound with a high risk for infection are the

following:

yAn animal bite, a very dirty or ragged wound, apuncture seek medical attention for wound cleaning. If

you are in a remote setting(greater than one hour from

medical attention) clean the wound as best you can.


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y Do not clean large extremely dirty or life threading

wound. Let the hospital Emergency department

personnel or( EDP) do the cleaning.

DRESSING WOUND:

y Any of various materials used for covering and protectingaWOUND.

y Atherapeutic or protective material applied to a wound.y Is any material used to protect wound.


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y OBJECTIVE OF WOUND DRESSING:

y To help stop bleeding.

y Prevent infection.y Protect wound while healing.

PROCEDURE IN DOWNING DRESSING:

y Wash hands and wear gloves.

y Choose a dressing larger than the wound.

y Cover with a thin layer of antibiotic ointments as polysporin orNeosporin.

y Cover the wound with a sterile dressing. Do not close the

wound with tape or butter fly bandage.y If blood seeps though do not remove the dressing but add

more dressing on the top.

y Apply a bandage to hold the dressing inplace.


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y Bandages are an essential item in your first aid kit.Bandages are used to support and immobilise injuries,hold dressings securely over a wound and reduce

swelling.


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y Any cut or wound needs to be cleaned and covered toprevent infection and cross-contamination.Firstaid4sport has a range ofproducts for cleansingopen wounds.


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y Full range of sports dressings to cater for any sportsinjury. Unmedicated dressings, big plasters, NasalPlugs and all the products to stem bleeding.


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y Is a wound that is not treated properly or no cure.

y Refers to a invasion ofthe site oftrauma bypathogenic microorganisms.

y Its a kind of wound that has bacterial infection.

y

FACTORS THAT INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD FORWOUND INFECTION:

y Dirty and foreign material left in the wound.

y Ragged or crushed tissue.

y

Injury to an underlying bone joint or tendon.y Bite wound (human and animal)

y Very dirty, contaminated wounds.

y Crushing, ragged wounds.


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y Wound over injured bone joint or tendon.

y Puncture wounds.

y Hand and foot wounds.

y Puncture wound or other wound that cannot be drain.

y The sign and symptoms of infection including

y

Swelling and redness around the wound.y One or more red streaks leading from wound toward

heart.

y Swelling of lymph nodes.

yA sensation of warmth.

y Fever.

y Throbbing pain.

y Pusdicharge.


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y Not all wounds show bleeding and broken skin.

y Cause

y Happed when a direct object strikes the body.

y SIGNS

y Limping

y Pain, distress

y Swellingy Heat in affected area

y Scratching around area


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y Actions

y Bathe area in cold water.

y Apply an ice pack.y Clean any scratched area with a mild disinfectant.

y Transport to your veterinarian as soon as possible.

y Three type of closed wound:

y Bruises and contusions-occur when blood collects underthe skin in the injured.

y Hematoma-is a clot of blood under skin there may be alump as bluish breaking discoloration.

y Crush injuries-caused by extreme forces can injure vitalorgan and bone.


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yAre unpredictable puncture wounds that cause major

tissue damage.

yAre grave and often deadly injuries.

y Theyre very serious, and really needed to be treatedby medical professionals.


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yPROCEDURES ON HOWTO HANDLE:

y 1. Call forHelp

Even if the wound doesnt look that bad, bullets can

do serious damage even after they enter the body.

You need to have emergency medical assistance on

its way as quickly as possible. You wont be able to

treat the wound fully; and you shouldnt try. Your job

is to keep the person alive; leave the advanced care

to the professionals.


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y 2. Be Safe

Gunshot wounds are sometimes intentional, and

sometimes accidental. Either way, you need to be verycareful to insure that no one else gets shot as well.

Take whatever precautions necessary to insure that

yourself and others dont get hurt; this will only make

the situation worse.

y 3. Check forVital Signs

Check for consciousness, respiration, and pulse. If

these things arent there, then the situation is very dire.

If youre trained to do CPR, perform it if necessary. Do

not move the gunshot wound victim unless absolutely

necessary.


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y 4. Stop Bleeding

This is the most important thing you can do in gunshot

wound first aid.

y Elevate the wounded area.

yApply direct pressure to it with whatever is available;

towels, cloths, or clothing. Even your hand or fingers

are better than nothing.

y If the padding bleeds through, dont remove it; instead,

fix more padding on top.


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y If possible, secure the padding with some kind ofsecuring tool, such as bandaging gauze or tape.

Dont secure it so much that its not easy to remove.Once you secure the bandage, you can move on toother forms of aid.

y If possible, try to use clean hands and clean paddingfor the bandages. However, dont worry too muchabout sterility here; the situation is too urgent. Worryabout infection later.

y Treat forShockMany people who experience severe blood loss gointo shock, Be prepared to treat this, as well.


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y How a bullet wounds

Injury depends on the speed at which the bullettravels and enters the body, the angle at which it hits

the body, and the density of the tissue involved.

y

The three main aspects to gunshot wounds are:

y Penetrationflesh is disrupted or destroyed by the

bullet.

y Cavitationthe bullet leaves a hole in the body,either temporary or permanent, depending on the

elasticity of the tissue or organ struck.


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y Fragmentation - bullets may shatter on impact and send

fragments through the body. The same thing may happen if

the bullet strikes bone: chips of the bone may be driventhrough the bodys tissue, causing damage in their paths.

y Once a bullet enters the body, it crushes and forces tissue

apart. This becomes serious if a major organ or blood

vessel is hit. Only the tissue that has come into direct

contact with the bullet will be damaged.

y Additional damage is caused by shock waves compressing

the tissue in the bullet's path, causing a temporary cavity.Although temporary cavitation lasts for less than a second,

muscles, nerves, blood vessels and bone can be damaged.


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y Seek medical help as soon as possible. Ideally, a gunshotwound should receive medical attention within ten minutes.While waiting for assistance, there are first aid proceduresyou can follow.

y Ensure that you are safe. Move as far away from the shooter asyou can.

y If you are not the victim, make sure that the victim keeps

completely still.

y Follow basic first aid procedures.

y Control bleeding byplacing pressure on the wound


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y BLEEDING:PROCEDURETYPE OF BLEEDING:

External Bleeding-Signs & Symptoms

Classification of external wound:ARTERIAL

Venous (veins)

CapillaryInternal Bleeding- Signs & Symptoms

Wound


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yType of wound:

ABRASION: Cause

LACERATION: Cause

Incisions:Cause

Puncture:CauseAvulsion

Amputation

WOUND CARE:PROCEDURE andTREATMENT


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y DRESSING WOUND:

OBJECTIVE OF WOUND DRESSING

PROCEDURE IN DOWNING DRESSINGBANDAGES

Wound Cleansing and Hygiene

WOUNDDRESSINGSWound Infection:

FACTORS THAT INCREASE THE LIKELIHOOD FORWOUND INFECTION

CLOSE WOUND: Actions and Three type of closedwound.

GUNSHOT WOUND:

PROCEDURES ON HOWTO HANDLE


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y The three main aspects to gunshot wounds are

y What to do in an emergency

SUMMARY OF THE TOPIC

SALAMAT SA PAKIKINING

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BLEEDING AND WOUND CARE power