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Blood borne Pathogens and Prevention of Infection. Objectives. Identify common bloodborne pathogens. Describe the risk of bloodborne pathogens to health care workers. List potentially infectious substances and their modes of transmission. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS
AND PREVENTION OF INFECTION
OBJECTIVES1. Identify common bloodborne
pathogens.2. Describe the risk of bloodborne
pathogens to health care workers.3. List potentially infectious substances
and their modes of transmission.4. Describe how personal protective
equipment and work practice controls can be implemented.
5. Describe the health care worker’s role in evaluation of workplace practices and devices.
6. Describe post-exposure care.2
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
HIVHBVHCVOthers
3
RISKS TO HEALTH CARE WORKERS
HIV – smallHCV – 900 annually
HBV – 9,000 annually
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INFECTIOUS FLUIDS Blood Body fluids that contain blood Semen Vaginal secretions Fluid from around an unborn baby Spinal fluid Fluid around the heart
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INFECTIOUS FLUIDS(CONTINUED)
Fluid around the lungs
Fluid around joints
Tissue removed from the body
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OTHER BODY FLUIDSPotentially Infectious Tears Saliva Sputum/nasal
secretions Emesis Urine Feces
Not Infectious Sweat
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TRANSMISSION Sexual contact
Sharing needles
Transfusions
Mom baby
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TRANSMISSION IN THE WORKPLACE Puncture wounds
Contact with non-intact skin
Mucous membranes
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PREVENTION OF INFECTION
Universal Precautions – OSHA
Standard Precautions - CDC
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HAND DECONTAMINATION
After touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, contaminated items
After gloves removed
Between patient contacts
Waterless antiseptic agents
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CONSIDERED AN EXPOSURE
When:Blood, blood products, cerebral spinal fluid,
semen, vaginal secretions or synovial fluid has had contact with NON-INTACT skin or mucous membranes.
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CONSIDERED AN EXPOSURE
WhenYou have been stuck by a contaminated
needle or sharp object
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NOT AN EXPOSURE The following is NOT an exposure
(unless visible blood noted in the following)Feces, saliva, vomitus, sputum, sweat,
urine, nasal secretions, tears, blood on INTACT skin
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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Provided by
employer
Application, removal, disposal
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GLOVES Handling blood/body fluids Performing invasive procedure Touching non-intact skin
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GLOVES Correct size
Change if contaminated
Remove inside out
Utility gloves
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MASKS, SHIELDS, EYEWEAR Used when splashing expected Replace when wet Wash hands before removing Handle by side pieces Protective resuscitation equipment
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PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
Used when splashing expected
Remove if soiled
Remove from inside and roll
Nondisposable laundered by employer
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WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
Sharps Lab materials Decontamination Laundry Waste
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SAFER MEDICAL DEVICES
Sharps with engineered sharp injury protectors
Needleless systems
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IF NEEDLE MUST BE USED… Immediately discard in sharps containers
Do not bend or break
Do not recap
Do not fill container past designated fill line
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DOCUMENTATION OF NEEDLESTICK INJURIES The type and brand of device involved The department or area where the
exposure occurred An explanation of how the exposure
occurred
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OTHER WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS Transport specimens in leak proof
containers labeled biological hazard
Place warning labels on containers with hazardous materials
Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics, or handle contact lenses where exposure likely
Never use pipettes with mouth suction24
SPILLS Put on gloves
Wipe up with towel
Dispose of contaminated towel
Apply bleach solution
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LINENS Wear gloves Place in impervious container if linen is
to be transported Label appropriately
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WASTE Label as biohazard
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POST-EXPOSURE Wash area Notify supervisor Consult physician ASAP Report incident Obtain medical counseling Keep records confidential
28
C-DIFF CLostridium difficile (klos-TRID-e-uhm
dif-uh-SEEL), often called C. difficile or C. diff, is a bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon. Most commonly affects older adults in hospitals or in long term care facilities and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications.
May require isolation of persons affected29
PREVENTION
Hand washing: Health care workers should practice good hand hygiene before and after treating each person in their care.
In the event of a C. difficile outbreak, using soap and warm water is a better choice for hand hygiene, as alcohol-based hand sanitizers may not effectively destroy C. difficile spores. Teach visitors to practice good hand washing as well.
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MRSA Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a
bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans.
To prevent the spread of staph or MRSA in the workplace, employers should encourage proper hand washing and sanitizing of environmental surfaces and contaminated equipment with EPA registered disinfectives.
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PREVENTION
Although alcohol-based rubs remain somewhat effective, a more effective strategy is to wash hands with running water and an anti-microbial cleanser with persistent killing action.
Proper disposal of isolation gowns is also necessary
MRSA can survive on surfaces and fabrics,
including privacy curtains or garments worn by care providers
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PREVENTION
Hospital staff and visitors wear disposable gloves and gowns while in the room
In any setting, all surfaces should be carefully disinfected with a product that contains chlorine bleach
People who are hospitalized with C. difficile should have a private room or share a room with someone who has the same illness
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POLICIES/PROCEDURES
Be familiar with your facilities policies and procedures regarding issues of safety and infection control. Ask whenever you are uncertain or have a question regarding these issues.
Be Safe Practice Safety in the workplace
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SUMMARY Bloodborne pathogen risks Modes of transmission Personal protective equipment Work practice controls Evaluation of practices/devices Post-exposure care
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