BLOOD & CARDIOVASCUL

AR SYSTEMShelby Worley & Kadelyn McBrearty

FUNCTION Blood:

Signifies life, helps maintain the stability of the interstitial fluid and distributes heat. Vital in transporting substances and maintaining homeostasis.

Cardiovascular:Transports nutrients, oxygen and hormones to cells throughout the body, and remove waste. Protection of the body from diseases and regulation of body temperature, fluid pH, and water content of cells

MAJOR ORGANS Heart: Pumps blood throughout the

body and organs Lungs: Brings oxygen into the body and

sends it to the heart

BLOOD VESSELS Arteries: Strong, elastic vessels that are

adapted to carrying blood away from the heart under high pressure

Arterioles: Arteries subdivide into these thinner tubes and give rise to finer branched arterioles

Veins: Carry blood back to the atria and follow pathways that closely parallel those of arteries

Venules: Microscopic vessels that continue from the capillaries and merge to form veins

Capillaries: The smallest-diameter blood vessels which connect the smallest arterioles with the smallest venules

COVERING/WALL OF THE HEART

Pericardium: Encloses the heart and the proximal ends of blood vessels

Endocardium: Contains blood vessels and specialized muscle fibers called purkinje fibers

Myocardium: pumps blood out of the heart chambers

Epicardium: Protects the heart by reducing friction

HEART CHAMBERS AND VALVES

Atria: Thin walls that receive blood returning to the heart with the help of the Vena Cava

Ventricles: Receive blood from the atria and contract to force blood out of the heart into arteries

Septum: Seperates the atria and ventricle on the right side to the left side

Tricuspid Valve: Lies between the right atrium and ventricle, it prevents backflow and interchanging blood

HEART CHAMBERS AND VALVE CONT. Pulmonary Valve: Allows blood to leave

the right ventricle and prevent backflow into the ventricle chamber

Mitral Valve: Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium from the ventricle

Aorta: Major systemic artery that recieves blood from the left ventricle

Aortic Valve: Allows blood to leave the left ventricle.

PATH OF BLOOD1. Vena Cava2. Right Atrium3. Tricuspid Valve4. Right Ventricle5. Pulmonary Valve6. Pulmonary Arteries7. Lungs8. Pulmonary Veins9. Left Atrium10. Bicuspid Valve11. Left Ventricle12. Aortic Valve13. Body

CIRCULATION Pulmonary Circuit: Sends deoxygenated

blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide

Systemic Circuit: Sends oxygenated blood and nutrients to all body cells and removes waste

HEART SOUNDS Cause: Vibrations in the heart tissues

associated with the closing of the valves.

Lubb: Occurs during ventricular contraction when the AV valves are closing

Dubb: Occurs during ventricular relaxation when the Pulmonary and Aortic valves are closing

BLOOD Blood is a highly specialized tissue

composed of more than 4,000 different kinds of components.

The four most important:Red CellsWhite CellsPlatelets Plasma

BLOOD CONT. Red Cells (Erythrocytes):  Transports oxygen from the lungs to all of the living tissues of the body and carry away carbon dioxide. It makes up 40-50% of the total blood volume. Hemoglobin makes up 1/3 of the red blood cell and imparts the color of blood.

BLOOD CONT. White Cells (Leukocytes): Protect

against diseases Groups of white cells

Granulocytes: Neutrophils: digest products and bacterial toxins Eosinophils: Kill parasites, control inflammation

and allergic reactions by removing biochemicals Basophils: Prevent intravascular blood clot

formation and increase blood flow Agranulocytes:

Monocytes: digest products and bacterial toxins Lymphocytes: Produce antibodies that attack

foreign substances and help with immunity

BLOOD CONT. Platelets (Thrombocytes): Help close

breaks and damaged blood vessels and initiate formation of blood clots

Plasma: Transporting nutrients, gases, and vitamins, help regulate fluid and electrolyte balance, and maintain a favorable pH. Contains three proteins

Albumins: Help regulate water movement between the blood and the tissues, control blood volume and help with blood pressure

Globulins: transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins and produce antibodies

Fibrinogen: functions in blood coagulation

BLOOD TYPES An anti-body of one

type will react with an antigen of the same type and clump red blood cells. Because of this, people with certain blood types can only get blood from certain blood types to avoid clotting the blood.

RH FACTOR If a woman who has

already developed anti-Rh antibodies becomes pregnant with a second Rh+ fetus, these anti-Rh antibodies cross the placental membrane and destroy the fetal red blood cells

LIPOPROTEINS Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL):

Transports triglycerides from the liver to adipose cells

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Delivers cholesterol to various cells

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Transports to the liver remnants of chylomicrons that have given up their triglycerides

DISEASES OF THE BLOOD Hemophilia: A rare bleeding disorder in

which the blood doesn’t clot normally Anemia: Condition in which the body

doesn’t have enough healthy red blood cells. The blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen to the rest of the body

DISEASES OF THE HEART Hypertension: Persistently elevated

arterial pressureElevated pressure can be secondary, cause by

another problem, such as kidney disease, high sodium intake, obesity, psychological stress, and arteriosclerosis

Atherosclerosis: deposits of fatty materials are formed within and on the inner lining of the arterial wallsRisk factors: fatty diet, elevated blood

pressure, tobacco smoking, obesity and lack of physical exercise. Genetic factors may also increase susceptibility