Blood Types

The ABO System

Rh Factor

Circulatory SystemCarries blood with oxygen and nutrients to all cells

in the body (also called the cardiovascular system)

The main organ is the heart

Components (parts) of Blood

Plasma-• Liquid part of blood• Made of 90% water

White Blood Cells-

* fights infections and germs

* Fancy name: leukocyte

Components (parts) of Blood

Platelets

• Aid in clotting blood (stops bleeding)

• Release fibrin that make a web like covering at the site of the wound

• When the fibrin dries up it forms a scab on the outside of the cut

Components (parts) of Blood

Red Blood Cells – • Made in the bone marrow• carry oxygen and other

nutrients • contain hemoglobin that

reacts with oxygen to give the bright red color

• carry special sugars and proteins called antigens:

A and B (and D)

The ABO System

• RBC’s carry special sugars and proteins at the surface called antigens, which is where we get the names for our blood types.

• Only similar sugars and proteins can mix together.

Blood Type

Antigen

A

B

AB

O

A

B

A and B

No antigens

The ABO System

Who can receive from who????

Universal Donor –

Type O(universal donor means able to give to any other type)

Universal Receiver -

Type AB(universal receiver means able to receive

from any other blood type)

Blood

Type

Receive from

Donate to

A(Antigen A)

B(Antigen B)

AB(Antigen A

and B)

O (No antigens)

A O

OB

A AB

B AB

ABAB,

B,A,

O

OAB, O

B,A,

The Rh Factor

Many studies were done on a species of Monkey called the Rhesus Monkey. It was determined that their blood carried a protein that was in human blood also…antigen D.

Antigen D is known asthe Rhesus Factor.Aka…Rh factor

The Rh Factor

• Rh factor is indicated by using + or – signs.• Positive means you have antigen D• Negative means you don’t!

EX: A+, A-

** Positive can get from + and -

**Negative can get from –

** Positives can only give to positives!

The Rh Factor…

Blood Type Antigens

A+

A-

B+

B-

AB+

AB-

O+

O-

Which blood type would be able to donate to any other blood type?

(O-)

Why?

(has no antigens)

Which blood type can receive from any other?

(AB+)

Why?

(has all antigens)

A and D

A

B and D

B

A B D

A B

D

none

Did you know that….• Almost 40% of the population has O+ blood

• Patients with Type O blood must receive Type O blood

• About half of all blood ordered by hospitals in our area is Type O

• Type O blood is the universal blood type and is the only blood type that can be transfused to patients with other blood types

• Only about 7% of all people have Type O negative blood

• Type O negative blood is the preferred type for accident victims and babies needing exchange transfusions

• There is always a need for Type O donors because their blood may be transfused to a person of any blood type in an emergency

Out of 100 donors…..

84 donors are RH+

16 donors are RH-

** 38 are O+ 7 are O-

34 are A+ 6 are A-

9 are B+ 2 are B-

3 are AB+ *1 is AB-

** indicates most common in US* Indicates least common in US