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Blood Vessels of lower limb. Objectives Describe topography of major vessels Illustrate clinical relevance of vascular anatomy. Blood Vessels of lower limb. They include the following: Femoral, popliteal, obturator, gluteal, tibials and their branches - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Blood Vessels of lower limb
Objectives• Describe topography of major vessels• Illustrate clinical relevance of vascular
anatomy
Blood Vessels of lower limb
They include the following:• Femoral, popliteal, obturator, gluteal, tibials
and their branches• Great and small saphenous veins and their
tributaries• Deep veins (Femoral, popliteal, tibials)
Gluteal Region
• Superior gluteal artery• Inferior gluteal artery• They are branches of the internal
iliac artery• They supply the gluteal region• Obturator artery is abranch of
the internal iliac artery • It passes through obturator
foramen• It supplies the medal side of the
upper thigh
Femoral Artery• It is the contiuation of
the external iliac artery at the mid inguinal point
• It descends in the femoral triangle
• Then, it continues in the adductor canal
• It reaches the adductor hiatus where it becomes the popliteal artery
• It supplies all structures in the thigh
Femoral Artery
In the femoral triangle, it gives the following branches:
Superficial circumflex iliac arterySuperficial epigastric arteryExternal pudendal arteryDeep artery of the thighMuscular branches
Deep Artery of the Thigh
• It is the main artery of the thigh• It gives the following branches• Medial circumflex femoral artery• Lateral circumflex femoral artery
which gives a descending branch• Perforating arteries
Popliteal Artery
• It is the continuation of the femoral artery at the adductor hiatus
• It runs through the popliteal fossa• It ends at the lower border of the
popliteus muscle by dividing into its terminal branches
• It gives the following branches:
Medial superior genicular artery
Lateral superior genicular artery
Medial inferior genicular artery
Lateral inferior genicular artery
Middle genicular artery
Popliteal Artery
• At the lower end of the popliteus muscle, it divides into:
• Anterior tibial artery• Posterior tibial artery
which gives the peroneal artery
Anastomosis around the Knee Joint Is made by the following
branches:• Descending branch of
lateral circumflex femoral• Descending genicular of
femoral• Anterior tibial recurrent• Five branches of popliteal
artery
Anterior Tibial Artery
• It is one of the two terminal branches of the popliteal artery
• It supplies all structures in the anterior compartment of the leg and perforating branches to lateral compartment
• It ends at the midpoint between the malleoli
• It continues as Drorsalis Pedis Artery
• It gives anterior medial and lateral malleolar branches
Posterior Tibial Artery• It is one of the two terminal branches of the
popliteal artery• It supplies all structures in the posterior and
lateral compartment of the leg• It runs behind and inferior to lateral malleolus• It then divides into Medial and Lateral plantar
branches• It gives the following branches: Peroneal artery which gives lateral malleolar
and calcaneal branches
Drorsalis Pedis Artery• It is the direct continuation of
the anterior tibial artery at the midpoint between the malleoli
• It gives the following branches:
Lateral tarsal
Medial tarsal
Arcuate
1st dorsal metatarsal
Deep plantar
Plantar Arteries
• The posterior tibial artery divides into:
Lateral plantar
Medial plantar artery which gives the first plantar metatarsal artery
Deep plantar arch is formed by the deep plantar branch of dorsalis pedis artery and lateral plantar artery
Anastomosis around the Ankle Joint
Is formed by the following branches:
• Calcanean branches of posterior tibial and peroneal arteries
• Medial and lateral malleolar branches of anterior tibial
artery• Malleolar branches of posterior
tibial and peroneal arteries•
Veins of the Lower Limb
• Deep veins accompany arteries of the lower limb internal to the deep fascia
• Superficial veins are not accompanied by arteries in the subcutaneous tissue
• Deep veins of the foot are drained to the dorsal venous arch
• Medial and lateral marginal veins emerge from the sides of the arch
Veins of the Lower Limb Cont.,
• The medial marginal vein continues as great (large) saphenous vein
• It ascends in front of the medial malleolus to the leg and thigh
• It passes through the
saphenous opening
to end in the femoral
vein
Veins of the Lower Limb Cont.,
• The lateral marginal vein continues as lesser (small) saphenous vein
• It ascends on the posterior aspect of the leg
• It ends in the popliteal vein• Perforating veins connect
the lesser saphenous vein with deep veins (One way valve)
Lower limb Vasculature
Applied anatomy• Surface anatomy• Arteriography and veinography• Varicose veins• Obstructive vasculopathy• Arterial pulse• Deep vein thrombosis
Surface Anatomy
1. Femoral
2. Profunda
3. Popliteal
4. Posterior tibial
5. Peroneal
6. Medial plantar
7. Lateral plantar
8. Anterior tibial
9. Dorsalis pedis
Veins
Arteriogram
Varicose veins
Arterial pulse
Lymphatics
Anastomosis in the Lower Limb
• Anastomosis between different arterial branches
• To ensure blood circulation in the case of occlusion in any artery
• Cruciate anastomosis• Geniculate anastomosis• Plantar anastomosis