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Bluetooth
Architecture and Applications
Chris Greco, Wesley Kunzler, Koy Rehme, Zhuo Ruan
Bluetooth Stack
Bluetooth Radio (Link Layer)
• 2.4 GHz• 79 channels
– 1 MHz spacing– 23 channels in some
countries
• Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
• RSSI (Receiver Signal Strength Indicator)
Baseband (Physical Layer)
• Pseudorandom hopping sequence• Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO)
– Audio
• Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL)– Data
• Error Correction– 1/3 rate FEC– 2/3 rate FEC– ARQ scheme
Baseband (Physical Layer)
• Connection Modes: Active, Sniff, Hold, Park• Device Addressing
– Bluetooth Device Address (48 bits)– Active Member Address (3 bits)– Parked Member Address (8 bits)– Access Request Address
• Synchronization requires:– Channel hopping sequence– Phase– Channel Access Code
Link Manager Protocol (LMP)
• Manages connections and pairings• Authentication• Pairing• Key change• Encryption• Detaching• Power Control• … and much more!
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
• Hardware Status and Registers
• Bluetooth-specific commands
• Flow Control
• Error Recovery
• Transport Layers (RS-232, UART, USB)
Logical Link Control and Application Protocol (L2CAP)
• Designed only for ACL links (i.e. no Audio)• Segmentation and Reassembly• Quality of Service• Piconet operation
RFCOMM
• Emulates RS-232 over L2CAP protocol
• Accommodates types 1 and 2 devices
• Supports up to 60 emulated serial ports
• Does not suffer from low-power mode latency delays
• Serial-Bluetooth adapters available– Easily convert to wireless
• Allows for internet-type services
Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
• Determine which services are available and their characteristics (services)– Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs)– Searching for services– Browsing for services
• List of capabilities sent during pairing
• Baby monitor
• Wristwatch communicator – 007 style
• Serial port extender
• PDA Chat
• Audio extender (speaker in other room)
• Indoor/outdoor thermometer / home weather station
• Palatometer
Socket Corp.
(a) (b)
Socket’s CF Ruggedized Serial I/O Card with high-speed serial drivers
Accessory hardware including power adapter, null modem adapter Software tools including Socket’s Bluetooth 1.1 Certified Stack for Windows CE devices
NOTE: Socket’s Bluetooth Stack Dev Tools allow developers to write applications that are Bluetooth aware. These Tools provide built-in screens for doing device discovery and pairing.
$5000
BlueGiga WT11 BT Module
• Bluetooth® Class 1• Two antenna options: internal chip antenna or U.FL
connector• Up to 2-3Mbps • USB version 2.0 compliant• UART with bypass mode • 8Mb of flash memory• RoHS compliant• Control with ASCII commands, or GPIO, or UART
$53Serial or USB interface
$625
Expected shipping date: 01/26/07
Bluepacket 2037 Module
• Arm7 processor
• Class 1
• Firmware embedded
• Integrated MP3 decode
• No answer when called
(a) (b)
BTEVAL:
(Bluetooth evaluation board)
Build-in RS232, TTL converter
ICD2 programming socket
24C256 Memory
Price: $179
Toothpic DARC-I:
(Remotely Configurable Data Acquisition and Remote Control Module)
Tooth PIC module, Serial data I/O
PWM-digital/parallel output control
Analog/digital/parallel input control
Capture of frames of input data up to 5K samples / sec
Price: $64.70
READY Intl Corp.
READY Intl Corp.
(c)
Toothpick DARC-II (Data Acquire& Remote Control with User Interface Server)
Developer interface tools
1. Bluetooth application development
2. On-line analyzer for running remote devices
3. Price: $474
Make Bluetooth Work for You: Build a
Sample Chat Application
• Visual Studio .NET 2003 Final Beta
• Two Pocket PCs with Bluetooth
• Microsoft ActiveSync 3.6
• Prices: $400~500
Rabbit Semiconductor BT Kit
• Comes with 30 MHz uC
• Serial UART control – up to 115kbps
• Complete with sample applications and source code
• $340
Avnet DS-KIT-P160-COMM3
• Xilinx FPGA on board (Microblaze)
• Flash, SRAM, ADC, DAC, Ethernet
• “Easy to use Bluetooth module” (921 kbps UART interface)
$225