BME 181 March 4, 2013 Presented by: Corey Gomes

J.A. McWilliamsLate 1800’s Electrical impulses

John HoppsRadio frequenciesMechanical and electrical methodsExternal device

Electrical signal spreads the length of heart Causes heart to contract and pump bloodStarts in sinoatrial node Coordinates timing of heart cell activity

AtriaPumps blood into the hearts two lower

chambersVentricles

Pumps blood to rest of bodyCombination is the heartbeatPacemaker has ability to create this electrical

energy around the heart

Small device that can take over the hearts electrical system

Contains: Casing

Nontoxic materialsTitanium or titanium alloy

LeadsThin insulated wiresMetal alloyCarry electricity from battery to heart

CircuitryHeart monitoring sensorsVoltage regulators, timing and externally programmable

controlsResistors, capacitors, diodes and semiconductors

BatteryStores energy to stimulate heart and provides power to sensors5 volts of powerPredictable lifestyle

Weighs about an ounce Implanted just below the collarbone

2 hour operation

Single ChamberOne wire placed into one chamber of the heart

(pacing lead)Dual Chamber

One lead into atrium, one into ventricleRate Responsive

Automatically adjust to a person’s physical activity

ArrhythmiasProblems with rate or rhythm of the heartbeatBradycardia

Heart beats too slowlyDamage vital organs

Atrial fibrillationHeart beats too quickly

Heart failureLack of blood and oxygen to brain

Cons: Battery must be replacedCannot be near EMI (electromagnetic

interference) Must wait to perform strenuous activity Cautious with certain types of MRI machines

Pros:Average life: 5-10 yearsMaintain regular lifestyleMonitor blood temperature and breathing rate Small & lightweightTwo hour operationLow fail rate

Battery lifeMain focusRadioactive isotopes for powerLighter and more efficient batteries

Pacemaker technology to the brainMedtronic

Device can detect problem and call an ambulance while the patient is asleep

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1502062/

http://www.medicinenet.com/pacemaker/page2.htm

http://www.whoinventedit.net/who-invented-the-pacemaker.html

http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pace/

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Pacemaker.html

http://www.arrhythmia.org/pacemaker.html