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BODY SYSTEMS
3
YEAR 8 SCIENCE
NAME: ______________ FORM: ___
Essential Questions:
How is the whole greater than the sum of its parts?
How are cells able to perform specialized functions?
How do human organs/systems compare with those of other organisms?
How do organisms reproduce?
How have Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology changed the future?
What are the ethical concerns associated with Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology?
Things you need to know/do:
The names and functions of the organ systems in a multicellular organism
- skeletal, muscular, reproductive &
The structure and function of each organ in a variety of systems
Specialized cells/tissues involved in each organ
Different organisms have different organs, depending on their needs:
- digestive system in herbivores & carnivores
Structures of the digestive system:
Pathway through the digestive system:
Pathway through the digestive system:
To _________________________________________________________
that we have consumed into ________________ molecules
The smaller molecules are needed so that:
1. We can ________________________________ the lining of the
________________ and into our ___________________________
2. We can use them to ______________ our own _____________ molecules
Fun facts about the digestive system:
We eat about ______________________________ per year.
We produce _______________________________ each day.
In the mouth, food is either ________________ or ________________ to a
more suitable temperature.
The oesophagus is approximately ________________.
___________________________________________________________
to move the food down the oesophagus. This means that food would get to a
person's stomach, even if they were standing on their head.
In an average person, it takes ________________ for food to travel down
the food pipe, ________________ in small intestine and ________________
in the large intestine.
The human body takes ________________ to digest a high fat meal and takes
________________ for a carbohydrate meal.
Every day ________________ of digested food, liquids and digestive juices
flow through the digestive system, but only ________________ is lost in
faeces.
NAME THAT MUSCLE!
Anus
Appendix
Gall bladder
Large intestine
Liver
Mouth
Oesophagus
Pancreas
Rectum
Salivary glands
Small intestine
Stomach
The beginning...
What do we need to begin digestion?
o ________________
o ________________
– These structures facilitate ____________________________
– The food is ________________ ________________ into
smaller pieces by our teeth which are attached and moved by to
our jaw.
o ________________
o ________________
o ________________
Saliva begins the process of ________________
________________, as well as providing
________________ that will help your food begin
to break down.
Chemical digestion involves ________________. These are special chemicals
that help chemical reactions occur at a ________________ rate.
Saliva contains ________________ ________________ – an enzyme that
helps the larger ________________ molecules (eg. ________________)
break down into smaller ________________ (eg. ________________).
The oesophagus
Food is now ________________ and ________________ by saliva and is
pushed back by the ________________.
We ________________, and the food goes into the oesophagus.
The ________________ that surround this tube contract to push the food
into the stomach.
These contractions are called ________________
and they are powerful enough to allow us to swallow
even if lying down — or upside down.
The stomach
A temporary food ________________________________.
It can expand to hold 2-4Ls of food.
________________ movements in the stomach wall ________________
the food with ________________ ________________.
Gastric juice contains ________________ which help to break down
________________.
The stomach also contains _______________________________________,
which ____________________ and provides a ________________
________________ for protein digestion.
o eg. the enzyme ________________ for protein breakdown
_________________________ in very ________________ conditions
The small intestine
A tube about 6m long.
Food moves through it by ________________.
It makes more ________________ to complete digestion.
Here, ________________ are absorbed into your ________________.
The blood then carries the nutrients to all of the ________________ of your
body, where they will be ________________ to make our own
________________ molecules.
The ________________, ________________ and ____________________
are all connected to the small intestine.
The small intestine is lined by tiny finger-like projections called
________________.
The outer layer of cells lining each villi (called ________________________)
are covered in similar structures called ________________
Why do you think that the small intestine needs the villi and microvilli?
The pancreas
Makes pancreatic juice, which is ________________ or ________________
so it ________________ the stomach acid.
The pancreas also makes ________________ that break
down ________________, ________________ and
________________.
The liver
The largest internal organ.
It makes ________________, which breaks down ________________
It also ______________________________________________
It ________________ ________________
and ________________
– like ________________!
It also stores ________________, ________________ and ___________.
The gall bladder
________________ made in the liver is ________________ here.
The bile is used to ________________________________ into
________________ small enough to be transported to the rest of the body.
This bile can sometimes form ________________ and cause severe pain. In
this case, the individual would need to ________________
their ________________________________, and
possibly have to have their gall bladder ________________.
The large intestine
The large intestine is also known as the ________________.
________________ material passes into the large intestine
and moves along by ________________.
The large intestine ________________ ________________,
________________, ________________ and any remaining _____________
so that they can be reused by the body.
The colon sits in an ________________________________ across your belly
The appendix
This organ is attached to the ________________ ________________.
It used to be involved in _________________________________________
and other plant materials back in the day...
But now it ________________________________ in digestion in humans.
However, it is believed to play a role in fighting some ________________.
The rectum and anus
Rectum:
o The final part of the ________________ intestine.
o This is where the ________________ are ________________.
Anus:
o The faeces ________________ through
here when you go to the ________________.
What can do wrong?
Heartburn
Inflammatory bowel disease
Irritable bowel syndrome
Appendicitis
Constipation
Crohn’s disease
Diverticulosis
Gallstones
Haemorrhoids
Pancreatitis
Peptic ulcer
What to do now?
From the dinner plate to sewerage system - Watch the video (in PowerPoint or through the eBook) and answer the worksheet. The worksheet can be accessed through the eBook and has also been saved on the STL Leaning Link.
SQ8 p153 - Q1, 5, 6, 8
SQ8 p157 - Q1, 2, 4, 11
SQ8 Workbook – Worksheet 4.6
