!
!
June 5, 2009
Final Report Bolivia Wind Atlas
A project for the International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Copyright 2009 3TIER Environmental Forecast Group, Inc. All rights reserved. 3TIER claims a copyright in all proprietary and copyrightable text and graphics in this Report, the overall design of this Report, and the selection, arrangement and presentation of all materials in this Report, including information in the public domain. Reproduction and redistribution inconsistent with the scope of IFCs contract with 3TIER for this project is prohibited without written permission. Requests for permission may be directed to [email protected].
ph: 206.325.1573 fax: 206.325.1518
[email protected] www.3tier.com 3TIER North America 2001 Sixth Avenue Suite 2100 Seattle, WA 98121
Bolivia Wind Atlas i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction ...............................................................................................................1 A. Background............................................................................................................................ 1 B. Project Objective.................................................................................................................... 2
II. Methodology.............................................................................................................4 TASK I Inception Report: ........................................................................................................... 4 TASK II Information Processing:................................................................................................ 4
Atmospheric model ................................................................................................................... 4 Input data .................................................................................................................................. 6 Model Simulations..................................................................................................................... 6
Task III: Data Validation................................................................................................................ 7 Task IV: Draft Final Report ........................................................................................................... 8 Task V Dissemination ................................................................................................................ 9 Task VI Final Report and Wind Atlas ....................................................................................... 10 Task VII: Training Workshop and Final Presentation ................................................................. 10
III. Climatology of Bolivia ..........................................................................................11
IV. Results...................................................................................................................14 A. Validation ............................................................................................................................. 14
Summary................................................................................................................................. 14 Validation Statistics................................................................................................................. 15 Tables of Validation Statistics (NCEP ADP Stations) ............................................................. 16 Simulation Bias ....................................................................................................................... 19 Monthly / Seasonal Cycle ....................................................................................................... 20 Diurnal Cycle........................................................................................................................... 20 Validation Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 21
B. Maps .................................................................................................................................... 22
V. Bolivias Wind Power Potential ............................................................................25 A. Wind Resource Basics......................................................................................................... 25 B. Spatial Distribution of Wind Resource ................................................................................. 26 C. Wind Power Density............................................................................................................. 27
VI. The Bolivia Wind Atlas in context .......................................................................28 A. Overview .............................................................................................................................. 28 B. Further Analysis ................................................................................................................... 30 C. Free Reference Materials..................................................................................................... 32
Appendix I: Calculation of Weibull parameters.........................................................I-1
Appendix II: Maps........................................................................................................II-1 A. Contents.............................................................................................................................. II-1 B. About the maps................................................................................................................. II-26 C. How to use digital maps in GeoPDF format ...................................................................... II-27
Appendix III: Additional Validation (Wind Roses) ...................................................III-1
Bolivia Wind Atlas 1!
!" !#$%&'()$*+
!
This report summarizes the wind resource over the country of Bolivia at three heights above ground level (20, 50, and 80 meters) based on the results of sophisticated meteorological simulations completed by 3TIER Environmental Forecast Group, Inc. (3TIER) for the International Finance Corporation (IFC) as part of IFCs ongoing financing of Transportadora de Electricidad (TDE), Bolivias largest electricity transmission company. The results presented in this report shall serve as the basis for preliminary site assessment during the prospecting phase of wind project development. Before making investment decisions about specific project sites, any party wishing to harness wind energy in Bolivia should, as part of its due diligence process:
Visit the location and review topographical, environmental, or logistical factors that could affect the successful installation and operation of wind turbines or transmission lines (as applicable);
Collect on-site measurements at wind turbine hub height (varies with equipment) using a properly calibrated meteorological device (anemometer or other) or verify the observed wind resource at a neighboring location from data collected there. To gauge the availability of wind resources with the greatest possible precision, collecting wind measurements over extended periods of time is necessary;
For off-grid systems, confirm that wind supply (times when the wind blows and with what strength) corresponds with anticipated energy demand and/or plan for back-up supply using batteries or other energy sources.
Consider the long-term variability of the wind resource; and
Obtain the necessary environmental and engineering permissions from Bolivian government authorities.
!" #$%&'()*+,-#
!
The contract between 3TIER and IFC for this project was initiated as part of an ongoing relationship between IFC and Transportadora de Electricidad S.A. (TDE), Bolivias largest electricity transmission company and a recipient of IFC loan financing. Under its corporate social responsibility program, TDE, part of the Spanish consortium Red Electrica de Espaa, has undertaken a program to promote the access to and use of renewable energy in Bolivia, especially in areas near its installations in isolated rural communities. As part of its contribution to wind energy development in Bolivia, TDE
Bolivia Wind Atlas 2!
processed information collected during 10 years at 201 meteorological stations and began disseminating their analysis in April 2008. IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, fosters sustainable economic growth in developing countries by financing private sector investment, mobilizing private capital in local and international financial markets, and providing advisory and risk mitigation services to businesses and governments. IFCs vision is that people should have the opportunity to escape poverty and improve their lives. In FY08, IFC committed $11.4 billion, and mobilized an additional $4.8 billion through syndications and structured finance for 372 investments in 85 developing countries. IFC also provided advisory services in 97 countries. For more information, visit www.ifc.org. Headquartered in Cochabamba, TDE is Bolivias principal power transmission company. TDE presently owns and operates 74% of the transmission network for Bolivias national interconnected system. The system consists of some 2,187 km of 230 kV, 115 kV, and 69 kV transmission lines and substations in various parts of Bolivia. The system interconnects the departments of La Paz, Cochabamba, Santa Cruz and Oruro, Chuquisaca and Potosi and the system facil
