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Bonanza CreekBonanza Creekampamp
Andrews LTERAndrews LTER
GEOG 44015401 Soils GeographyFall 2007 ndash Univ of Colorado Boulder
Kerry Malm amp Phil Garcia
Bonanza CreekBonanza CreekLTERLTERAlaskaAlaska
The role of soil and The role of soil and Alnus incana Alnus incana subsp subsp TenuifoliaTenuifolia in landscape in landscape succession in the Tanana River succession in the Tanana River
floodplainfloodplain
httpwwwlteruafedubcefdefaultcfm
Why are the soils saltyWhy are the soils salty
Shallow Water Table
Capillary Rise of Solution
Alkaline (Salty) Soil
Evaporation of Water
Accumulation of Chemicals at Soil Surface (CaCO3 amp CaSO4H2O)
httpwwwmacalesteredubiologyimagesTananaJPG
Is this common amp Why is this badIs this common amp Why is this bad
bull Common in the lowlands of the Tanana River floodplain
bull Not in all AK floodplains
bull Toxic concentrations of ions build up
bull Limit soil processes which supply plants with N and P
httpsoilslabcfrwashingtonedunwfsc2001Summerindexhtml
Alder to the RescueAlder to the Rescue
bull Species Alnus incana subsp Tenuifoliandash Thinleaf Alder
bull Important forndash Soil developmentndash Stand development
httpwwwkenaiwetlandsnetimages297m1b01jpg
AldersAlders
bull Symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria (root nodes)ndash 60-70 of total N accumulation during 200
yrs of floodplain successionndash Top 2 m had 4x increase in N in 20 yrs
bull SOMndash 50 of OM comes from leaves
bull Erosion controlndash Extensive root system
ResultsResults
bull More N in the soil
bull Less erosion
bull Increased terrace heightndash Decrease floodingndash Increased distance to water
tablendash Less salty
httpnrmsalrmuafedu~dverbylabnz_synthesis_CDchapter3alluvial_terraces_tanana_riverjpg
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Bonanza CreekBonanza CreekLTERLTERAlaskaAlaska
The role of soil and The role of soil and Alnus incana Alnus incana subsp subsp TenuifoliaTenuifolia in landscape in landscape succession in the Tanana River succession in the Tanana River
floodplainfloodplain
httpwwwlteruafedubcefdefaultcfm
Why are the soils saltyWhy are the soils salty
Shallow Water Table
Capillary Rise of Solution
Alkaline (Salty) Soil
Evaporation of Water
Accumulation of Chemicals at Soil Surface (CaCO3 amp CaSO4H2O)
httpwwwmacalesteredubiologyimagesTananaJPG
Is this common amp Why is this badIs this common amp Why is this bad
bull Common in the lowlands of the Tanana River floodplain
bull Not in all AK floodplains
bull Toxic concentrations of ions build up
bull Limit soil processes which supply plants with N and P
httpsoilslabcfrwashingtonedunwfsc2001Summerindexhtml
Alder to the RescueAlder to the Rescue
bull Species Alnus incana subsp Tenuifoliandash Thinleaf Alder
bull Important forndash Soil developmentndash Stand development
httpwwwkenaiwetlandsnetimages297m1b01jpg
AldersAlders
bull Symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria (root nodes)ndash 60-70 of total N accumulation during 200
yrs of floodplain successionndash Top 2 m had 4x increase in N in 20 yrs
bull SOMndash 50 of OM comes from leaves
bull Erosion controlndash Extensive root system
ResultsResults
bull More N in the soil
bull Less erosion
bull Increased terrace heightndash Decrease floodingndash Increased distance to water
tablendash Less salty
httpnrmsalrmuafedu~dverbylabnz_synthesis_CDchapter3alluvial_terraces_tanana_riverjpg
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Why are the soils saltyWhy are the soils salty
Shallow Water Table
Capillary Rise of Solution
Alkaline (Salty) Soil
Evaporation of Water
Accumulation of Chemicals at Soil Surface (CaCO3 amp CaSO4H2O)
httpwwwmacalesteredubiologyimagesTananaJPG
Is this common amp Why is this badIs this common amp Why is this bad
bull Common in the lowlands of the Tanana River floodplain
bull Not in all AK floodplains
bull Toxic concentrations of ions build up
bull Limit soil processes which supply plants with N and P
httpsoilslabcfrwashingtonedunwfsc2001Summerindexhtml
Alder to the RescueAlder to the Rescue
bull Species Alnus incana subsp Tenuifoliandash Thinleaf Alder
bull Important forndash Soil developmentndash Stand development
httpwwwkenaiwetlandsnetimages297m1b01jpg
AldersAlders
bull Symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria (root nodes)ndash 60-70 of total N accumulation during 200
yrs of floodplain successionndash Top 2 m had 4x increase in N in 20 yrs
bull SOMndash 50 of OM comes from leaves
bull Erosion controlndash Extensive root system
ResultsResults
bull More N in the soil
bull Less erosion
bull Increased terrace heightndash Decrease floodingndash Increased distance to water
tablendash Less salty
httpnrmsalrmuafedu~dverbylabnz_synthesis_CDchapter3alluvial_terraces_tanana_riverjpg
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Is this common amp Why is this badIs this common amp Why is this bad
bull Common in the lowlands of the Tanana River floodplain
bull Not in all AK floodplains
bull Toxic concentrations of ions build up
bull Limit soil processes which supply plants with N and P
httpsoilslabcfrwashingtonedunwfsc2001Summerindexhtml
Alder to the RescueAlder to the Rescue
bull Species Alnus incana subsp Tenuifoliandash Thinleaf Alder
bull Important forndash Soil developmentndash Stand development
httpwwwkenaiwetlandsnetimages297m1b01jpg
AldersAlders
bull Symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria (root nodes)ndash 60-70 of total N accumulation during 200
yrs of floodplain successionndash Top 2 m had 4x increase in N in 20 yrs
bull SOMndash 50 of OM comes from leaves
bull Erosion controlndash Extensive root system
ResultsResults
bull More N in the soil
bull Less erosion
bull Increased terrace heightndash Decrease floodingndash Increased distance to water
tablendash Less salty
httpnrmsalrmuafedu~dverbylabnz_synthesis_CDchapter3alluvial_terraces_tanana_riverjpg
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
httpsoilslabcfrwashingtonedunwfsc2001Summerindexhtml
Alder to the RescueAlder to the Rescue
bull Species Alnus incana subsp Tenuifoliandash Thinleaf Alder
bull Important forndash Soil developmentndash Stand development
httpwwwkenaiwetlandsnetimages297m1b01jpg
AldersAlders
bull Symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria (root nodes)ndash 60-70 of total N accumulation during 200
yrs of floodplain successionndash Top 2 m had 4x increase in N in 20 yrs
bull SOMndash 50 of OM comes from leaves
bull Erosion controlndash Extensive root system
ResultsResults
bull More N in the soil
bull Less erosion
bull Increased terrace heightndash Decrease floodingndash Increased distance to water
tablendash Less salty
httpnrmsalrmuafedu~dverbylabnz_synthesis_CDchapter3alluvial_terraces_tanana_riverjpg
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Alder to the RescueAlder to the Rescue
bull Species Alnus incana subsp Tenuifoliandash Thinleaf Alder
bull Important forndash Soil developmentndash Stand development
httpwwwkenaiwetlandsnetimages297m1b01jpg
AldersAlders
bull Symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria (root nodes)ndash 60-70 of total N accumulation during 200
yrs of floodplain successionndash Top 2 m had 4x increase in N in 20 yrs
bull SOMndash 50 of OM comes from leaves
bull Erosion controlndash Extensive root system
ResultsResults
bull More N in the soil
bull Less erosion
bull Increased terrace heightndash Decrease floodingndash Increased distance to water
tablendash Less salty
httpnrmsalrmuafedu~dverbylabnz_synthesis_CDchapter3alluvial_terraces_tanana_riverjpg
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
AldersAlders
bull Symbiotic actinorhizal bacteria (root nodes)ndash 60-70 of total N accumulation during 200
yrs of floodplain successionndash Top 2 m had 4x increase in N in 20 yrs
bull SOMndash 50 of OM comes from leaves
bull Erosion controlndash Extensive root system
ResultsResults
bull More N in the soil
bull Less erosion
bull Increased terrace heightndash Decrease floodingndash Increased distance to water
tablendash Less salty
httpnrmsalrmuafedu~dverbylabnz_synthesis_CDchapter3alluvial_terraces_tanana_riverjpg
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
ResultsResults
bull More N in the soil
bull Less erosion
bull Increased terrace heightndash Decrease floodingndash Increased distance to water
tablendash Less salty
httpnrmsalrmuafedu~dverbylabnz_synthesis_CDchapter3alluvial_terraces_tanana_riverjpg
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
And in the end And in the end
bull New plant establishment (succession)
Paper Birch Trembling AspenWhite Spruce Black Spruce
Shrubs
Time
Conifers
Climax
Willow Thinleaf Alder
Deciduous Trees
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Andrews LTERAndrews LTERThe Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest
Alnus rubra and Pseudotsuga manziesiirsquos role in forest development
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Red Alder and Douglas FirRed Alder and Douglas FirA unique relationship over a complex A unique relationship over a complex
landscapelandscape
bull Inceptisols are the dominant soil type bull Alfisols and Spodosols present alsobull Forests range from young gt25yrs to old growth lt400yrsbull An area with considerable potential for C sequestrationbull Major Disturbances flood windfall and fire
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Red Alders (Red Alders (Alnus rubraAlnus rubra))
bull Often first to succeed following disturbance
bull N-fixing because of symbiotic actinomycete frankia
bull Leaf fall is a major source of Nitrogenhumus
bull Erosion Control
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
2 Soil Types Examined2 Soil Types Examined
bull Nutrient rich soil
bull Nutrient poor soil
3 Different Relationships3 Different Relationshipsbull Douglas-fir monoculture
bull Douglas-fir and Alder stand
bull Alder monoculture
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
ConiferConifer
bull Largest biomass production
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Rich SoilNutrient Rich Soil
AlderAlder
bull Straight competition between the 2 species
bull Alder eventually out-competed
bull Slow steady biomass accumulation
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
ConiferConifer
bull Quick increase in biomass
bull Short lived (50yrs)
Conifer Conifer + Alder+ Alder
Nutrient Poor SoilNutrient Poor Soil
AlderAlder
bull Largest Biomass production
bull Large fast growth short lived (70yrs)
bull Overtaken by conifers
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Red Alder in HJ AndrewsRed Alder in HJ Andrews
bull Increase total stand and conifer growth in frac14 of the forested land
bull Decrease total stand and conifer growth in frac12bull Most useful on nutrient poor sitesbull Important in Erosion Control
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
ConclusionsConclusions
bullIn the Tanana River floodplain alders act as an ecosystem engineer to aid in forest successionbullIn the HJ Andrews experimental forest alders act as ecosystem engineers in nutrient poor soilsbullIn both sites alders are important because of their symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria and extensive root systems
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
Works CitedWorks Citedbull Chapin FS III M Oswood K Van Cleve LA Viereck and D Verbyla
2006 Alaskas Changing Boreal Forest Oxford University Press New York bull Dyrness CT and K Van Cleve 1993 Control of surface soil chemistry in
early-successional floodplain soils along the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23979-994
bull Van Cleve K LA Viereck and GM Marion 1993 Introduction and overview of a study dealing with the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain of interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23 879-888
bull Van Cleve K J Yarie LA Viereck and CT Dyrness 1993 Conclusions on the role of salt-affected soils in primary succession on the Tanana River floodplain interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 231015-1018
bull Viereck LA CT Dyrness and MJ Foote 1993 An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River interior Alaska Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23889-898
bull Binkley Dan 2004 A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development Forest Ecology and
Management 190 265-271
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
More Works CitedhellipMore Works Citedhellip
bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest
USA Plant and Soil 180147-158 bull Radosevich SHibbs DGhersa C 2006 Effects of species mixtures on growth and
stand development of Douglas-fir and red alder Can J For Res 36 768-782bull Griffiths R P Bradshaw G A Marks B and G W Lienkaemper 1996 Spatial
distribution of ectomycorrhizal mats in coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest USA Plant and Soil 180147-158
