Bond. Ionic Bond.

To get started…

We should refresh our memories about the structure of atoms:

_________ and _________ are found inside the nucleus, __________ are found in ______________ outside the nucleus.

Protons neutronselectrons

energy levels

The electrons in the energy level farthest from the nucleus are called ___________ electrons.

valence

Valence matters

Valence electrons are the only particles that are involved in _________________.

chemical reactionsEvery atoms wants to have a

______ valence shell – it’s more ________ than an __________ one.

fullstable

unfilled

This gives them the same electron configuration as a ___________!noble gas

Octet Rule

This filling of your valence shell is known as the _______ _____.Octet rule

This means that atoms will _________ in such a way that they have ___ electrons in their valence shells – just like a _____________.

combine8

Noble gas

Win, Lose or Draw

There are ___ options for filling your valence shell:

3

1. You can _______ electrons.lose2. You can _______ electrons.gain3. You can _______ electrons.share

The option you choose all depends on how many __________ electrons you _______ with…

valencestart

Alkali Metals

Consider ____ for a moment…Li

3 P4 N

Lithium has ___ valence electron.

1

But its valence shell can hold ___.8

So Li has to ________ electrons to fill its valence shell…?

gain 7

What if…?

What if Li gave up its one valence electron?

3 P4 N

What if…?

What if Li gave up its one valence electron?

3 P4 N

What if…?

What if Li gave up its one valence electron?

3 P4 N

What if…?

What if Li gave up its one valence electron?

3 P4 N

We are left with _____ energy level, which now becomes the _________ shell!

one

valence

(And would you look at that – it’s already _______!!!!)FULL

The Path of Least ResistanceAtoms will take the _________ path to a full valence shell.

shortest

**Keep in mind that this may be __________!*

backward

The Other SideWhat about elements on the other side of the table? Let’s look at ____…

Cl

17 P18 N

Chlorine only needs ______ electron to complete its valence shell.

one

It’s easier for Cl to _______ one electron!gain

Which way?Here’s the general rule:

If you have ______ than 4 valence electrons, you will tend to ______ them.

lesslose

If you have ______ than 4 valence electrons, you will tend to _____ them.

moregain

Therefore, _________ tend to ______ electrons, and ___________ tend to _____ them!

metals losenonmetalsgain

Charges, charges…Remember what you become when you lose or gain electrons? (An _____!)

ion

**An ion is a ________ particle – with an ________ number of _________ and __________.

chargedunequal protonselectrons

And remember that electrons have a __________ charge, so if you _______ electrons, you become a __________ ion!

negative losepositive

“When I see a cation, I see a positive ion;

ion:

anion: a (–) ion cation: a (+) ion

--

--

a charged particle

more e– than p+

formed whenatoms _____ e–

--

-- more p+ than e–

formed whenatoms _____ e–

anions negative ions.areI think that

that is, I… C ion.”A +

gain lose

What now…?What you end up with is an atom that will _____ electrons and become a _________ ion…

losepositive

Right next to an atom that will ______ electrons and become a ________ ion…

gainnegative

Hmmm… What do we know about opposites and attraction????

Opposites ________, so the _________ ion will be attracted to the ________ ion.

attract positivenegative

Li Cl

Li+1 Cl-1LiCllithium chloride

+

+

Match made in Heaven!This ________ of electrons is known as an _____________!

transferIonic Bond

Ionic bonds are always formed between a _______ and a _________!metal nonmetal

The _________ of electrons creates ______, and the ___________ forces between the ions are what hold the ____________ together.

transferions attractiv

ecompound

Those ‘Dot’ things again?!?To show ionic bonds, we use the Electron Dot diagrams – and draw _________ to show the _________ of electrons between atoms.arrows transfer

Make sure you show the ____ that results from that transfer of electrons!

ion

Na

Examples:Let’s combine sodium and chlorine:

+ Cl

Na+1 Cl-1+The compound created: ___________

NaCl

Naming Ionic CompoundsIonic compounds are always formed between a _______ and a _________.

metal nonmetalTo name them:1. ________ goes first.Metal

2. ____________ goes second – but you change the end of the nonmetal’s name to _______.

Nonmetal

“-ide”

Example: NaCl =sodium chloride

More than one???What happens if one atom needs to lose ___ electrons, but the other only gets __?2 1

Mg ClNow Cl’s valence shell is _________, but Mg still has one electron to unload!

complete

Each Cl atom can only ________ 1 electron – but who says there’s only one Cl hanging around?

accept

More than one?To have a place for Mg’s other valence electron, we need ____________.

another Cl

ClMg

Cl

Mg+2

**We have 2 Cl’s – not just one!

(Cl-1)2+

More than one?So our formula is really:

Mg+2 + Cl-1 + Cl-1

-- OR --

MgCl2Name: __________________magnesium chloride

Things to remember…• Ionic bonds are formed between a ________ and a __________.

metal nonmetal• Metals ______ electrons and become ___ ions; nonmetals ______ them and become ____ ions.

losegain

• Draw ________ to show the ________ of electrons, then draw the _______ with their _________.

arrows transferions

charges• When naming, it’s _______, then __________ -- ending in _______.

metalnonmetal “-ide”

+-