Bonura, Defending the Old Gods

8/6/2019 Bonura, Defending the Old Gods

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bonura-defending-the-old-gods 1/21

ALPATA: a journal of h i s tory, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9 [ 47

Defending the Old ods:agan esponses to Imperialersecution in the eign

of Theodosius IChristopher Bonura

I M ,

x v . I ,

C , v A v ,

x v v .1

I 1938 H b B , J B j v

I , b z. Y v , I v

-S v S .2

B

. T 1. D x v H b B , “A D

W , 393–394 A.D.,”The Harvard Theological Review38, . 4 (O b 1945): 199–203.2. I B ’ S k , “H b B ;

H v 40 ,” (O b 3 2006), :// .b . / / b / b/2006/10/03/ b _b _ _ x _ _ _ v _40_

D b 28, 2008).



4 8 ] ALPATA: a journal of h i s tory, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9

v H T , A , (393 AD).3 W v

b k , v , v v j b v C

.B , j H v v , b b v . T

, “A D v v W C

v C v . I v B ’ ,

b b v , b v ,

, 4 3. The inscription, pieced together, read: DOMINIS • NOSTRIS • THEODOSIO • ARCADIO

• ETEVGENIO • PIIS • FELICIBVS • TOTO • ORBE • VICTORIBVS • SEMPER •AVGGG • NVMERIVS • PROIECTVS • V • C • PRAEF • ANN • CELLAM • HERCVLIS• RESTITVIT

4. b b . T v . H v , v , religion, b k

J C .

D e F e n D I n g T H e O l D g O D S | Chr is topher Bonura

Athens•

Rome•

• Milan• Vienne

Carthage•

• Ostia

Alexandria

Antioch•

Constantinople•

BRITANNIA

GALLIA

HISPANIA

AFRICA

ILLYRICUM

MACEDONIAP R A E F E C T U

R A O R I E N

S

Wipatch(Frigidus)River*

WesternEmpire

EasternEmpireCities

BattlesSupposed sites of widespreadtemple destruction underCynegius (384-388)

Apamea

Edessa

Palmyra

T T I (378–395)



ALPATA: a journa l of h is tor y, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9 [ 49

A v , C T k B v

v b j v b v . S

C b k b ’ , b

b v , bT I.5 S x b b

( S A x ) , W .

A v v z ,

v . M C T C , S z , S S

Aq , C . O , A De civitate Dei O ’ Historiarum Adversum Paganos Libri VII, . T

b , Z , , j v b

z b C z . T , v k x

T C , 438 b k .

5. C II (337–361) - (The Theodosian Code and Novels and theSirmondian Constitutions, . . C ( : Ox v ,3.10.4–6), b J (361–363) v . A

” b b , b T I.




50 ] ALPATA: a journal of h i s tory, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9

Theodosius and his aws

A b v ,

v b W , C C ,6 S -b T

I b v 7 IF b 380, k

: W

b C C .

T , v , W j , ,

v , b b v

v b b O v .8

I , 378, T , v b

b x .9 I v - v k , v

C v q , x v

v .10 T T b z

v , 391 j S 11

O F b 24, 391, T v k . H , v

6. T C b C C “ b ” . I 381, T v k

C , S C , .

7. F T ’ , S W F ,Theodosius, the Empire at Bay( H v , C .: Y v , 1994).

8. C.Th.,16.1.2.9.C.Th.,16.5.9.10. B , Authority and the Sacred.( Y k: v C b , 1995), 43–

50.11. I , T v , S T

.





k , b 12 T b , : “

; v . A z

b O .”13

, v b T , v ,

, T ’ ,

. I 384, ’ praefectus praetorio Orientis,14 MC , 15

Cynegius, the Temples of theast, and the agan lite

D , C

k q j .16 T C ’

, S C

.17 H v , b C

v .T C T , ,

, v ,

12.C.Th.,16.10.10.13.C.Th, 16.10.11.14. ( ) , j

M , S , .15. J M , “A S T I, M C Journal

of Theological Studies18, . 2 (1967): 440, 445–446.16. J M ,Western Aristocracies and the Imperial Court ,A.D. 364–425(Ox : C

, 1975), 140.17. F , “B T A. D. 320–435,” Journal of

Theological Studies29 (1978): 68.





b .”18 H B M A

Z b T19 Z , C z T v v

, “[T ] v , , . . . I C

: v

, , A x , b b v .”20

T v T Z , v q .21 T T , Z

. T v T , z

b v v Ck .22 b , A , b v

k .23 H T v . I v ,

k , I :

“T b k- b b ... , , ,

k b , , , . T

18. T , Historia Ecclesiastica, . B J k , . S H Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, v . III ( b , M .: H k b , 1994): 5.21.

19. T , Historia Ecclesiastica, 5.21. T M (

T v M 20. Z , Historia nova, . . J J. B H T. D v (S A

T x : T v , 1967), 4.37.21. D v b ,The Historians of Late Antiquity( Y k: , 2002), 278–

279.22. F , “B T A. D. 320–435,” 65.23. M ,There is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ (B k A :

v C , 2005), 210–211.





, ,

v , kq . A ,

, , , v .”24

I b ’ , T , “I , S ,

, , , b

v b b .”25 I , v ,

, b k . “F ,” k b k C , “ v b v b ,

.”26 T b , ,

k

.27 M , k , ,28 v b

b b C , b , C v “ 29

H , b b , k v z

.30 A B , “ - v

24. b , “ T ,” Libanius, Selected Works, v . II, . A. F. (C b ,M .: H v v , 1977), 30.8–9.

25. b , “ T ,” Libanius, Selected Works, 30.55.26. , Hisotiarum fragmenta, . . .C. B k ,The Fragmentary Classicising

Historians of the Later Roman Empire, v . II ( v , : F C ,9.56.

27. B ,The Authority and the Sacred , 51.28. b , “ T ,” 30.48, k

.29. b ,” T ,” 30.46.30. I , ,” T ,” 30.26, b T v

, k b .




5 4 ] ALPATA: a journa l of h is tor y, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9

k b b v b . B v

k.”31

ocal agan esponses in the ast

T v z C C vb k , v T

A C 388, T T ;32 b

, , T k .33 Y b C

T ’ v j b ’é T

C Magister Officiorum, .34 I b

k v .35 V b k k b

. T S z ,

v . I A , ’ b B M , b Z T ’ .36 T M b b

; b b

31. B ,The Authority and the Sacred , 51.32. M , Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius(C H : v

C , 2006), 236, ,There is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ ,212.

33.C.Th., 16.3.1.34. Z , Historia nova, . . T. (C b , A : A

A B z S , 1982), 4.52. T Magister Officiorum/ b F v

.35. C.Th., 16.3.2. F , ,There is No Crime for Those Who Have

Christ , 235–236.36. S z , Historia Ecclesiastica, . C D. H , Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers,

7.15.





v b v v .37 A k C , v ,

v v b . I k v j

, v D , v , T

v - . I 391, . T x , T F v

b v 38 T b :

v b v v,39 b

k v

b v C ?40

v v .

A , C b k b A x .41 T

, 2,400

37. F , “B T A. D. 320–435,” 66–67.38. C.Th.,16.10.12.39.C.Th . W F , v ,

q v b , C , H( . 123), v .

40. M , Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius, 246–247 T

v z T b x , v . H v ,

. T v , “ b ,” (C.Th.,16.10.12) .

41. T S . T v

(M M ,Christianity and Paganism,2), 392. I JH , “T C v C S : T D S

T A x ‘C - v ’ C ,” From Temple to Church: The Destruction and Renewal of Local Cultic Topography in Late Antiquity( /B : B ,2008), 340–244, v , b J , v





.42 T b ’ H - S

- v A M .43 T , b

, v , k . A , T

,44 b v .45 I k B T ,

,46 x

v . Y 391 v 47

v v v v .48 T , k

b T C k I , b ’ M

T D . H v , , k b b k

b k C , . T v v v q k ,

k .49 A , ,

42. H , “T C v C S ,” 336–337.43. A M , Rerum Gestarum, . W H ,The Later Roman Empire

(AD 354–378)( Y k: B k , 1986), 22.16.12.44. S , Historia Ecclesiastica, . A.C. Z , Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, v . II,5.16.

45. S z , Historia Ecclesiastica,7.15 , Historia Ecclesiastica, . W HF , Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, v . III, 11.22.

46. H , “T C v C S ,” 354–355, C A x T ’ z

47.C.Th.,16.10.11.48. , Hisotiarum fragmenta, 9.56. S , Historia Ecclesiastica,5.16

v v , .49. T v ,

A , b b v , b k - . S z

b , b k , , v x . S ,

b q , k , A , k v , b v

.





O O S b v .50

T S : v b v , v v

A S z , b C k C

C , k .51 W b v v b v

, j b C

z C 52 W S ,

v v bT . H

, C . T , b S . A

k S . A O , T

x.53 T , T

A x bb q v 54 b

v b J H , “T v ,

v k , b B A x

50. S , , , b v , S . I , S

v b k . H v , S z b S , b b b .

51. S z , Historia Ecclesiastica, 7.15.52. b ,The Historians of Late Antiquity, 279–80. , There is No Crime for Those

Who Have Christ , 95, v , b v S z ’ .53. S z , Historia Ecclesiastica, 7.15, , Historia Ecclesiastica,2.23, T ,

Historia Ecclesiastica,5.22.54. A C , “ C ,” Journal of Roman Studies55 (1965 ): 26–28.

A S , , v b b , , A x





b b .”55

A S z , , . W

, b , v . I b , Ctopos,

v bC en masse.56

iterary eactions to the Serapeum

B T k v S , b b

C . b , S

b .57 W b ’ v v , b x

C v A x .T b . S

S , A x v , H ( . .

, k , v

?”58

, v , q . I

. C k M . O , T

.59 T , b v

k , “ v .”60

55. H , “T C v C S ,” 350.56. S z , Historia Ecclesiastica, 7.20.57. b , “ T ,” 30.44.58. C , “ C ,” 27.59. , Historia fragmenta,9.56. T Odyssey v .

59: Εύρυμέδοντος, ὅς ποθ’ ύπερθύμοισι Γιγάντεσσιν βασίλευεν.60. ,The Lives of the Sophists, . W C v W , T b C

(C b , M : H v v , 1952), 418.




ALPATA: a journal of h is tory, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9 [ 59

T j v C b . T

, ’ T v

“vetustus error extinctus est ,” “ b 61 ’

, .

ugenius and the West

T ’ b k b C z T k .

v . S b v v , v

v - v 62 B ,63 x

’ b q . I M

V II, T W , V . C

b .64 S A b , Magister Militium W ,65 F k b b . A b

k k , b , ,

61. , Historia Ecclesiastica, . W H F , 11.30.62. B , “A D v v W , 393–394 A.D.” T

M , “T H S ‘C C Z ü A 19, . 4 ( v b 1970): 464–479.

63. S , Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius, b v (2008). O , M ’ Ambrose of Milan Church and Court in aChristian Capital (B k / A : v C , 1994), J. J. O’D , z v v

.64. A b b V ’ k b Z 4.58, O , Historiarum Adversum

Paganos Libri VII, . J. D ,The Fathers of the Church, v . (W , D.C.:C v A , 1964), 7.35, , Historia Ecclesiastica, . . . A , S. J. (A : S B b XI.1. B

S z (VII.22) A ( De civitate Dei, . D B. Z W ,The Fathers of the Church, v . VIII (W , D.C.: C v A

, 1950), 5.26), C T , V ’ .

65. q v - -




6 0 ] AL PATA: a journ al of h is tor y, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9

v b , .66 Y , b A b C V II b67

A b V b , 68

.69 A v A b j v .A b , q

b A V . C A , A b b b . I 382, v , C v v ,

, relatio Q. A S .70 S , b z

, b q , T . v b

T ’ b C

v .71

T k . H , v , b

’ C . T , J 393, A C v v b .72

T ’ v v k . W , W

. T66. A. H. M. J , J. . M J. M ,The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire,

v . I (C b : C b v , 1971), 95–96, 293.67. Z , Historia nova, 4.53.68. S z C . T j

b C . b x , . H v ,

Ep. ex. 10 (Maur. 57), . . J. H. W. . b z, Ambrose of Milan: Political Letters and Speeches( v , : v v , 2005), 216–218,

, .69. O A b , W F ,Theodosius, the Empire at Bay,

127–128.70. F A V C v , C S , Q. Aurelius Symmachus,

(A A b , M .: v M , 2006), 44–46, M , Ambrose of Milan, 166.

71. M ,Western Aristocracies and the Imperial Court , 239–241.72. W F ,Theodosius, the Empire at Bay, 130.




ALPATA: a journa l of h is tor y, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9 [ 61

, v .73 T ’ k b v

b C . I v A V . T ,

A b T ’ C k . T , v v ,

,

v v . I , b74

A b A 393 M . T q k b

; S , ’ , b

M M x . Y v .75 B

I , V F v , b . T W F v prefectus

urbi romae, v A V , F v

k .76

A , , b v A C b

( v ), M I , b F v ’

v , v , vCarmen Contra Paganos.I q73. M ,Western Aristocracies and the Imperial Court , 241–243. B ,

B ç Rome in Late Antiquity, . A v ( Y k: , 2071–72, b q b C . H

v v v v74. W F ,Theodosius, the Empire at Bay, 133.75. M ,Western Aristocracies and the Imperial Court , 243–244.76. M , 237–243.




62 ] ALPATA: a journa l of h is tor y, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9

, b , b prefectus urbi romae.77 S 1870, T

M F v .78 H v , bj b .79

, Carmen v F v v v . T C , b T

C z v b , , “I , k

b [T ] v b

[ ], v v , b ’ .”80 I , B ’ O v v

Carmen v .81 W v v v

. I , k

. M b k, Saturnalia, b A b v

, 82

77. M , “T H S ‘C C ,’ “ 467–477.78. M ’ “C C , 8084,” Hermes4 (1870).

T , T H k , Italy and Her Invaders,v . 1 (Ox : C ,1885), . 562–564, M ’ v . T , -q

, B , “A D v v W , 3231–233. A , M , ,

.79. “ Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius” 253 M Ambrose

of Milan, . 165. B ’ bj F v .80. , “C S ,”The Poems of Prudentius v II, . S M. C

(W , D.C.: T C v A , 1965), 116.81. B , “A D v v W ,” 216. F

Carmen’ v , M , “T H‘C C ,’ “ 467–469.

82. C A , “T : T S T ,” Phoenix 55, . 3/4 (A —W 2001): 389.





, v , . A b M

b b 83 , k

F v C 394. A , F v

C 365 ’ ) b

z 84

A T ’ I , F v A bb v

b M ’ .85

T T v v , v , . O S

v F W S v . A , T v F v A b

x .86

The uin of aganism

T b v

b , b x B . Z

, b v b b

. I , k b ,

83. A b , Ep. ex. 10 (Maur. 57), . . J. H. W. . b z, Ambrose of Milan,216–218. I b M , A b M ,

A b ’ , A b z ,

84. S z ,Historia Ecclesiastica,VII.21. M ,Western Aristocracies and the Imperial Court ,245, B , “A D v v ,” 233, b

85. M ,Vita S. Ambrosii, . B , Ambrose( : , 1997), 208 (31).

86. M ,Western Aristocracies and the Imperial Court , 246–247.




6 4 ] ALPATA: a journal of h i s tory, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9

, v .87 T , ’ T .88 H v v

z C T , v b , b

v . Z , v , b k

A b .89 T C , , x

v C

T ’ , ’ b J , S A ’ b

F v v b v b v

T v .90 C C v

T . A b , Tv v ,91 T J B

A v v .92

T C T v F v v

, O , T b bora ,

b v deus ex machina:93

A v b , v j v ....T

87. T v v q b , , v 394. S Z , Historia nova, . . T. , . 96, .151.

88. Z , Historia nova, 4.58.89. T

(c.f . C J , Histoire de la Gaule, 1926), , v ,

b b .90. A , De Civ. Dei, 5.26.91. O , Historiarum Adversum Paganos, 7.35, S z Historia Ecclesiastica, 7.24.92. T , Historia Ecclesiastica, 5.24.93. b ,The Historians of Late Antiquity, 286–287.





v j , v

k . T v q z v v q ,

, b q .94

M v b k b , C b

C .95 H v , z

A b .v , j b x

’ , C b . . M

, v bora v , j v

b .96 H , “ v b T b b C

. F v .”97

Y b v . ’ k

Herculiani Ioviani, , b v .98 v , b

x b ,99 b

94. T , Historia Ecclesiastica, . B J k , 5.25.95. C , “ T C H A ,” (D b 24

. . /T / / /T x /C /D _III_C _H( D b 28, 2008). A , , De Civ. Dei, 5.26, C .

96. , Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius, 255–257.97. , Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius, 257–258.98. , Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius.99. S Notitia Dignitatum, :// . b . / . ( D

28, 2008) , Magister Militium Praesentalis Magister Peditum W .




6 6 ] ALPATA: a journa l of h is tor y, V O M V I , S I 2 0 0 9

T ,100 v b . I

A ’ J , v v b101

, bora W,102 b v C , S

k b A .

T k v , v v b F v

. B J : v

. A , b C paludamentum,

, v W .

, , T . T q

A V v , v, .103 T

v b v v ,

395. Y , T ’ , . W T ’

J ,104 T ’

v lèse majesté . A bb , “T ,

100. A b Historia Ecclesiastica,5.24.

101. A , De Civ. Dei, 5.26.102. H k , Italy and Her Invaders, 575–576. H k k A v ,

, k v bora .

103. ç , Rome in Late Antiquity,21 ,93–94.104.C.Th.,16.10.16. F , Codex Justinianus,1.11.9–10.





T , x ; v

v .”105 Y , b ,

v , T . b b b

. D ,

, S A x ’

, b k . , v v b : b , 106

T , x A x . C

v , vH k b v ,

b : “b b ; ‘ v I , I v v 107

105. bb ,The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, D v . W( .) ( : A /T , 1781, 1994), V . III , 28, 71.

106. C , “ C ,” 30–31.107. , Anthologia Palatina, . . W. . ,The Greek Anthology(C b :

b C b , 1968), IX. 441.

Documents

Bonura, Defending the Old Gods