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Book 12Bicycle Signals
IMSA Ontario Expo
October 1, 2014
Markham, ON
2
Background
3
Growth of Cycling
• Increasing cycling as mode of transport and recreation
• Cycling master plans
• Personal & environmental benefits
• However, we’re not Europe….yet
4
Publications
OTM Book 18
TAC Bicycle Traffic Control
Guidelines
OTM Book 12
TAC Bicycle Signals
OTM Book 15
Book 12 Bicycle Signals
5
Current Guidance Situation
• OTC identified gap in available guidance
• TAC was working on it, just published updated version based on 2004 project
• OTM Supplement is specific to legislation/conditions in Ontario
• Limited bicycle signal dedicated guidance currently available in N.A.
6
Product• Provide guidance to practitioners on managing
bicycle flow through signalized intersections
• Standalone supplement to current Book 12; will likely be integrated in future update
• Based on best practice – not research assignment
• Based on existing legislation
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Principles of Content• Bicycle + Traffic signal specific
• Book 18 structured to refer signal related elements to Book 12 supplement; Book 18 contains pavement marking and signs needed
• Attempt to maintain consistency with TAC
• Conform to HTA
• BBicycle traffic signal (TAC standard) is in an Appendix only
8
Process
• Project Working Committee + CIMA
• PWC provided input, not just review
• MTO on committee as advisor and to help assure consistency
• Book created “from scratch”
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Content
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Content
• General
• Legislative
• Signal Timing
• Bicycle-Specific Displays
• Bicycle-Specific Phasing
• Decision Criteria
• Detection
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Legislative Framework• Ontario HTA
• Bicycle is vehicle• No riding on sidewalks or in crosswalks• Bicycle signal display currently not allowed• Two signal heads required for separate phase
or movement
• Near-side heads allowed only as auxiliary
12
Signal Timing• Factors and Constants
• Signal timing is a compromise which has to accommodate all users
• Start-up Lost Time (actuated signal min green)• Affected by cross traffic (visibility, speed, etc.)• Grade• More research still needed
• Clearances• Perception/reaction similar to motorists• Stop more quickly (amber)• Travel slower (all-red)
13
Displays• Display options limited at present to standard
heads (with signs for separate phases)
• Displays for same phasing as parallel street Could add a tertiary head here, perhaps low mounted
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Displays• Separate phase
• Bicycle signal head should stress uniqueness in size, colour, placement
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Phasing• Parallel to pedestrian movements (crossride)
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Phasing• Separate or partially separate phasing
• Leading phase example
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Phasing• IPS
• Contra-flow
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Justification for Use• Use minimum required – separate phasing
should be uncommon
• Typical uses for separate phasing:
• Non-compliance with existing control (safety)
• Contra-flow situations• Unique path through intersection• Improve LOS for bicycles (large volumes
of bicycles)
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Justification for UseExample of unique path through intersection Ottawa)
20
Detection
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Detection• Allows for bicycle specific timings
• Improved service
• Quadrupole loops
• TAC has pavement markings• Mississauga uses “long distance” detection in bike
lane
• Optical detection
• Pushbuttons discouraged
Thank you !
Questions ?