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Today’s Discussion
• History of the BCP
• Structure of the BCP
• A teaching tool: the Catechism
• One last thing… – Book of Occasional Services!
2
The Idea of a BCP• Henry VIII split from Rome
– But did not abandon liturgy
• Edward VI, the “boy king”– 1537 – 1553– Became king age 9
• Strong religious instruction– Richard Cox, John Cheke– And Thomas Cranmer– Edward writes 1549 tract
denouncing Pope as Antichrist 3
Edward as Prince of Walesattrib. to William Scrots, 1546-7?
Queen’s Drawing Room, Windsor Castle
Thomas Cranmer• Henry VIII’s Archbishop of
Canterbury– Annuls marriage to
Catherine of Aragon• 1st vernacular service
– Exhortation and Litany (1544)– From Sarum Rite– A blend of John Chrysostom,
Coverdale, and Martin Luther• Communion rite (1548)
– Communion in 2 forms
4
Portrait of Thomas Cranmer Gerlach Flicke, 1545
National Portrait Gallery, London
1549 BCP• Daily and Sunday worship
– Occasional services plusBaptism, Confirmation, Marriage, Funerals
– Propers– Lectionary
• Familiar yet radical– Familiar liturgy and language– But rubric was revolutionary– E.g., communion not for
priest alone5
Book of Common Prayer prob. edition published by Edward Whitchurche, 1549
Prayers Against the Pope
“From all sedition and private conspiracy, from the tyranny of the Bishop of Rome and all his detestable enormities, from all false doctrine and heresy, from hardness of heart, and contempt of thy word and commandment,
Good Lorde, deliver us.”
7
Letany to Be Used Upon Sundayes, Wednesdayes, and Fridayes Book of Common Prayer, 1552
Other English Prayer Books• Edward VI’s 2nd BCP (1552)
– Emphasis on Eucharist• Bloody Mary (1553-58)
– Latin Mass; martyrs• Elizabethan BCP (1559)
– Restores 1552 book• Jacobean BCP (1602)
– Counters 1559’s “Catholicism”• English Civil War (1642-1651)
– BCP outlawed 1645• Caroline BCP (1662)
– KJV– Anglicans, “high Anglicans,”
and Nonconformists8
Facing the congregation, or not?
Post-1549 British BCPs
9
15591552 1604 1662
1662 prayer book still in use today in the Church of England
Directory for Public Worship
• English Civil War (1642-51)– “Roundheads” (Puritans)– “Cavaliers” (Royalists)
• Demand to abolish episcopacy– “Root and branch”– BCP was a “branch”– Outlawed 1645
• Used until Restoration of Charles II (1660)
10
Directory for Public Worship London, 1651
American Prayer Books• 1789
– English, with a Scottish lilt– “Revised” with “standard
editions”• 1892
– Attempt to standardize– Conflict between “high” and
“low” church• 1928
– Language updates; new Psalms translations
11
William Reed HuntingdonA Short History of the Book of Common Prayer
Thomas Whittaker, 1893Author very influential in 1892 BCP
1979 BCP• Fixing 1928
– Doctrine (Scripture, Eucharist)
– Form (liturgy too fixed)– Laity (more involved)– Language (modern,
gender neutral)• New features
– New services (e.g., Holy Week, adoption)
– Variety (“roll your own” Eucharist)
– Enriched (e.g., expanded catechism) 12
Still controversial today, butavailable as an app
American BCPs
13
189217891865 “standard
edition”
1928 1979
electronic Common Prayerwww.churchpublishing.org/products/electroniccommonprayerecp20
Today’s Discussion
• History of the BCP
• Structure of the BCP
• A teaching tool: the Catechism
• One more thing… Book of Occasional Services!
14
BCP: In Outline
• Introductory material
• The Daily Office• The Great Litany• The Collects• Liturgies for Special
Days• Holy Baptism• The Holy Eucharist
• Pastoral Offices• Episcopal Services• The Psalter• Prayers• Catechism• Historical
Documents, Tables, and Lectionaries
15
Daily Office
• Ancient practice• Uses prayers to mark
time of day• Simplified in BCP to
two:– Morning Prayer– Evening Prayer
• Structure– Psalms, Scripture
Reading, Verses and Responses, and Set Prayers
16
Read it or blog itdailyoffice.org
The Great Litany
• Intercessory prayer• Ancient (5th century)• Often chanted• First Cranmer prayer• When
– Before Eucharist– Or after Collects in
Morning or Evening Prayer• Penitential tone
– So esp. appropriate in Lent
17
Early scoringFrom www.richardliantonio.com
Collects
• Latin: collecta– Gathering of the people to
pray• Five parts
– Invocation– Acknowledgement– Petition– Aspiration– Pleading
• BCP versions from Cranmer• In 1979 BCP
– Collect of the Day follows the Gloria and precedes readings
18
Readings for the First Sunday in Advent, from 1789 BCP published
in 1865.
Liturgies for Special Days
• Ash Wednesday• Palm Sunday• Maundy Thursday• Good Friday• Holy Saturday• The Great Vigil of
Easter
19
Holy Week has its own liturgies
Baptism
• Initiatory rite into the Christian Church
• “Simplified” by Cranmer– More “authentic”
• Traditional days:– Easter Vigil– Pentecost– All Saints Day– Epiphany I– Visitation of the
Bishop
20
BaptismFrom 1810 printing of Church of England’s
Book of Common Prayer
The Holy Eucharist
• Substantial revision in 1979 BCP– Based on ancient
practice– Principal act of
Christian worship• Two versions:
– Rite I: 1928-style; penitential
– Rite II: 4 versions; modern language
21
80% of all communion wafers in the USare made by the Cavanagh Company of
Greenville, Rhode Island
Structure of the Eucharist
• Preparation– Collect for Purity, Gloria,
Collect of the Day• Liturgy of the Word
– Readings, Homily– Creed, Prayers of the
People, Confession, Peace• Liturgy of the Eucharist
– Great Thanksgiving– Breaking of the Bread
• Dismissal
22
The Rev. Allison Cheek November 10, 1974
St. Stephen and the IncarnationWashington, DC
1st celebration by a woman priest
Pastoral Offices & Episcopal Services
Pastoral• Confirmation• Marriage• Thanksgiving for a
Child• Reconciliation• Ministration to the
Sick• Burial
Episcopal Services• Ordination of a… • ... Bishop• … Priest• ... Deacon• New Ministry• Church
consecration
23
Prayers & Thanksgivings for…
Prayers• The world• The Church• National life• The social order• The natural order• Family and personal
life• Other things
Thanksgivings• General
thanksgivings• The Church• National life• The social order• The natural order• Family and personal
life
24
Today’s Discussion
• History of the BCP
• Structure of the BCP
• A teaching tool: the Catechism
• One last thing… – Book of Occasional Services!
25
Episcopal Catechism
• Catechize– To teach orally, by
questions and answers • BCP, p. 844
– “[A] commentary on the creeds, but… not meant to be a complete statement of belief and practices”
• Especially organized for “inquiring strangers”
26
Catechism webpageSt. Paul’s Episcopal Church
Magnolia Springs, AL
Catechism
• Human Nature• God the Father• The Old Covenant• The Ten
Commandments• Sin and Redemption• God the Son• The New Covenant• The Creeds• The Holy Spirit
• The Holy Scriptures• The Church• The Ministry• Prayer and Worship• The Sacraments• Holy Baptism• The Holy Eucharist• Other Sacramental
Rites• The Christian Hope
27
Today’s Discussion
• The “Nick” comic book moment
• History of the BCP
• Structure of the BCP
• A teaching tool: the Catechism
• One last thing… – Book of Occasional Services!
28
Book of Occasional Services
• Just when you thought you knew it all!– “Concerning the Advent
Wreath”– “Blessing for a Pregnant
Woman”– “Discernimiento sobre
la fundación de una iglesia”
• And… Exorcism!– Please call the bishop
29
“Concerning Exorcism”Book of Occasional Services 2003 p. 174
“[T]hose who find themselves in need of such a ministry should make the fact known to the bishop…”
Summary
• Now you know…• History of the BCP• Content• How to read the Catechism
• And...
• You can win a bar bet by asking:
30
”Does the Episcopal Church do exorcisms?”