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ESC. HIPÓLITO VIEYTES PROGRAMA DE INGLES PARA CUARTO AÑO

Pre unidad: revisión

� Preguntas sobre actividades y hechos del pasado, presente y planes futuros.

� Hablar sobre las vacaciones � Relatar lo que está sucediendo � Hablar sobre planes futuros � Hablar sobre actividades que fueron interrumpidas por otras en el

pasado � Lectocomprensión de textos en diferentes tiempos verbales � Comparación y contraste de diferentes tiempos verbales

ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES: a) presente simple; b) presente continuo; c) pasado simple; d) pasado continuo; e) going to future f)palabras interrogativas: what, where, when, how often, who, whose, why. VOCABULARIO: revisión vocabulario correspondiente a 3er año. Unidad 1

� Expresar experiencias, eventos, hechos y acciones ocurridos en un momento no especificado

� Comparar acciones del pasado con aquellas que no especifican el momento en el que ocurrieron

� Lectocomprensión de textos con ambos tiempos verbales (presente perfecto y pasado simple)

� Hacer y responder preguntas � Expresar: habilidades, pedidos, consejos, opiniones, obligaciones.

ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES: a) presente perfecto b) pasado simple c) verbos modales (can/could/should/have to/must) VOCABULARIO: a) profesiones, trabajos, actividades del hogar Unidad 2

� Describir eventos futuros y planes futuros � Realizar promesas y predicciones � Hacer ofrecimientos � Tomar decisiones espontáneas � Lectocomprensión de textos � Hacer y responder preguntas � Dar instrucciones, describir situaciones

reales/posibles/irreales/imposibles

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� Expresar sugerencias, ofrecimientos, pedidos, consejos, arrepentimiento, críticas

ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES: a) futuro simple; b) futuro going to c)condicionales tipo 0, 1,2 y 3. VOCABULARIO: a) revisión del vocabulario visto durante todas las unidades anteriores y en 1ro, 2do y 3er año. Unidad 3

� Expresar acciones en donde el hacedor de las mismas no es importante o es desconocido o se sobre entiende quien es

� Prestar interés en el evento y no en aquel que realiza la acción ESCTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES: a) voz pasiva utilizada en presente simple, pasado simple, presente continuo, pasado continuo, presente perfecto, futuro going to, futuro simple, verbos modales. VOCABULARIO: a) revisión del vocabulario visto durante todas las unidades anteriores y en 1ro, 2do y 3er año.

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PRE UNIT

REVISION OF TENSES

Present Simple. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

- I live in B. A. - My mother works at home. - They don’t speak Portuguese. - He doesn’t play golf. - Do you study French? - Does your mother get up early?

- What do these sentences express? - Now complete the following chart: AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I live in B.A. Do I live in B.A.? You don’t eat fish Does he get up at 6? She cleans her room It doesn’t drink milk Do we wash the dishes? You do your homework They don’t watch t.v.

Ex 1.- Put the verbs in the positive, interrogative and negative form CLOSE- COME-BUY-LIKE-LIVE-DRINK-SPEAK-BE-GO-EAT-READ 1.- Margaret _______________ four languages. 2.- I _______________ the newspaper every day but sometimes I ________________ it. 3.- Jim ______________ a lot of tea; it’s his favourite drink. 4.- Where ________ Martin _________ from? He _______________ in the south of France. 5.- Paul ______________ a vegetarian. He _______________ meat. 6.- My parents _______________ films very much but they __________ to the cinema very often. 7.- What time _______________ the banks _______________ in B. A. city?

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Ex 2.- Complete the text using verbs in the Simple Present tense

Robert _______________ up very early every morning and _______________ a bath. Afterwards, he ________________ down to the kitchen, _______________ two pieces of toast and ______________ a glass of milk. Robert _______________ a doctor and _______________ at the local hospital. He _______________ the house every day at 8 o’clock. He ___________ the number ten bus and he ______________ at work at 8.30. He _________ “good morning” to his secretary, Janice and then he _______________ all the letters that were sent to him. At 1 o’clock Robert _______________ lunch at a fast food restaurant and _______________ the paper. He _______________ to the hospital one hour later; he _______________ work at 6 p.m. In the evening, he usually ______________ in the local swimming pool and later he ______________ all his shopping at the local supermarket, where he _______________ some food to cook. He ______________to bed at 11o’clock.

Present continuous. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

- I am listening to the teacher now. - My mother is living in New York this month. - Look at the children! They aren’t paying attention. - He isn’t watching T.V. at the moment. - Are you going to the park now? - Is your father working right now?

- What do these sentences express? - Now complete the following chart: AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE? INTERROGATIVE I am listening to music You aren’t watching T.V. Is he going to the park? She is cleaning her room It isn’t drinking milk Are we washing his car? You are doing a test. They aren’t reading a

book.

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Ex 3.- Complete the sentences with: TRY- LEARN - SING - WORK - RAIN – MAKE 1.- John _______________ hard today. He’s got a lot to do! 2.- You _______________ a lot of noise. Can you be quiet? I _______________ to concentrate. 3.- Have you got an umbrella, please? It ______________ heavily. 4.- Andrew and Joe are going to travel to Germany by the end of next month, so at the moment they ______________ German. 5.- Listen! A bird ________________ beautifully on top of that tree. Present Simple or Present Continuous Ex 4.- Put the verbs in the correct present tense 1.- Hurry up!! Everybody ______________ (wait) for you. 2.- I’m happy because my English _____________ (improve) day by day. 3.- Normally I _______________ (finish) work at five, but this week I____ __________(work) until six to earn extra money. 4.- Sonia _______________ (look) for a place to live. Meanwhile, she____ ___________(stay) with her sister. 5.- - What _________ your brother(do)__________? - He _______________ (be) an architect , but he ______________(not work) at the moment.

Ex 5.- Read the text, then write true or false

BORN TO DANCE This week the great Bolshoi Ballet comes to Britain. HELEN THOMAS

talks to one of their new ballerinas, Nina Ananiashvili. Nina Ananiashvili is a prima ballerina at the Bolshoi Ballet, the greatest ballet company in the world. She lives with her husband Guya, a diplomat, in a flat in Moscow. The flat is very small. The bedroom and the sitting room are in one room and there is only a very small bathroom and kitchen. Every morning Guya and Nina have breakfast at half past seven. Then Nina prepares her ballet shoes. She uses three new pairs of ballet shoes for every performance. Nina usually walks to her classes at the theatre. ‘I love the city’, she says, ‘It opens my eyes.’ But on performance days, she takes a taxi to class and back. ‘I like to save my energy,’ she says. She arrives at the theatre at about five o’clock in the evening. The performance starts at seven thirty.

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Dancing is very tiring and some ballerinas lose three kilos during a performance. Nina is always very thirsty after a performance. ‘I drink and drink: water, tea, lemonade, anything. Usually I can’t sleep until three or four o’clock in the morning.’ Bolshoi dancers earn quite a lot of money and there are other rewards. Girls stand in shopping queues to buy food for her. ‘Men just leave flowers outside my flat and then run away!’ says Nina, and laughs.

- Nina is from England. - She is a dancer. - She lives in a very big flat. - She has breakfast at the theatre. - She usually walks to her classes. - She takes the bus on performance days - She drinks a lot after a performance. - She earns quite a lot of money.

Ex 6.-Now, correct the wrong sentences - - - -

Ex 7.- Read and answer A.-

Hi! Barbados is great! We’re having a wonderful time and swimming every day. I’m getting quite fit. I’m writing this card in a bar on the beach, drinking a rum punch. Keith is learning to windsurf at the moment but I can’t see him. I hope he’s all right. See you next week... CHRIS 1.- Where is Chris? 2.- Why is she there? 3.- Is she getting quite fat? 4.- Where is she writing the letter? 5.- What’s she drinking? 6.- Who is learning to windsurf? 7.- Can she see him? 8.- When is she coming back?

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B.- Hi everybody! I’m enjoying my time here in Spain. My university term doesn’t start until spring, so I’m visiting Madrid and practising Spanish. I’m staying at Maria’s house in Madrid. Every day after breakfast I go for a walk along the city center and I don’t come back home until midday. Maria usually cooks something to eat so we have lunch together and then she goes to work, she doesn’t come back till 9 p.m., that’s why I usually do the shopping and prepare dinner. I want to improve my Spanish so when I have the opportunity I meet people or go to the theatre. It’s a bit late, and I have to cook so I must finish now. Please, write me as soon as you can tell me about our friends there. Love, Loise, P.D: Do you remember John? He’s living next door and we are going out tonight. 1.- Where is Loise? 2.- Is she studying there? 3.- When does her university term start? 4.- What city is she visiting? 5.- Is she staying at a hotel? 6.- Where is she staying? 7.- How often does she go for a walk? 8.- What time does Maria come back home? 9.- What does Loise want to improve? 10.- Who is living next door? 11.- What are they going to do tonight?

Simple Past.

READ THE SENTENCES AND UNDERLINE THE VERBS - Peter played a football match last week. - Anna bought a house two years ago. - They walked ten kilometres yesterday. - She drank a lot of beer at the last party.

NOW ANSWER: - How do we write the past of the regular verbs? - What about the irregular ones?

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Ex 8.- Read the sentences again, change them into negative and interrogative

Ex 9.- Complete the sentences using the verbs in the list. DRIVE- FALL- GIVE- RIDE- TAKE- EAT -FORGET -HIDE -SHAKE-WRITE. 1.- We ______________ all night to get to France. 2.- Susan ______________ a horse for the first time yesterday. 3.- I ______________ a letter to my bank manager last week. 4.- We all _______________ hands at the end of the meeting. 5.- She had a headache so she _______________ an aspirin. 6.- I _______________ too much at the party last night and I feel terrible today. 7.- My friend_______________ over on the wet floor and broke his arm. 8.- My grandmother _______________ the money under her bed. 9.- Oh no! We _______________ to buy milk. Ex 10.- Put the verbs into the simple past

Ferdinand Magellan _______________(be) a Portuguese sailor who _______________ (want) to sail around the world. Emperor Charles V of Spain _______________ (give) him five ships and two hundred and sixty five Spanish sailors. They _____________ (leave) Spain on 20th September, 1519 and _______________ (begin) their long and dangerous journey. On the journey, Ferdinand ______________ (discover) the Pacific Ocean. Unfortunately, he and many of his sailors _______________ (die) in battle on 27th April,1521. After that, a Spanish sailor ____________ (take) control of the ships and _______________(set) off to complete the voyage. Only one ship and sixteen men _______________ (survive) . They _____ ________ (arrive) back in Spain by the end of 1522. They ___________ (be) the first men ___________ (sail) around the world.

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Ex 11.- Complete the text using verbs in the simple past tense Hi Tony!!

We are in San Francisco now. We ____________ here yesterday. Before that, we _______________ ten days in New York. It _______________ wonderful! Pat and I _______________ a lot of places including the Empire State Building. We _______________ to the top, it _______________ very high and we ______________ a bit frightened. We _______________ a boat along the river to see the Statue of Liberty. We _______________ through Greenwich Village and _______________ many artists at work. The paintings ______________ all lot of money so I only bought a small one. We also _______________ to the theatre and ________ a new musical. ; I ______________ it very much. This place is fantastic!! See you soon Alice. Ex 12.- Write the negative form of the verbs in bold 1.- Alice ______________ to Madrid. She went to New York. 2.- They ______________ a week in New York. They spent ten days there. 3.- They _____________ a bus to the Empire State Building. They took a a boat there. 4.- Alice ______________ many paintings. She bought only one. 5.- They _______________ a new film. They saw a new musical.

Ex 13.- Read and answer A.-

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. ‘What a day!’ I thought. ‘It’s raining again.’ Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. ‘I arrived by train ten minutes ago,’ she said. ‘I’m coming to see you.’ ‘But I’m still having breakfast, I said. ‘What are you doing?’ she asked. ‘I’m having breakfast,’ I repeated. ‘Dear me,’ she said. ‘Do you always get up so late? It’s one o’clock.

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1.- What day was it? 2.- How often does he get up early on Sunday? 3.- What time did he get up last Sunday? 4.- What was the weather like? 5.- Who phoned him? 6.- How did she arrive there? 7.- Why was she surprised? B.-

On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes’ time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, ‘It’s two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!’ I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing. 1.- Where did they go on Wednesday evening? 2.- How many people were there? 3.- What happened after fifteen minutes? 4.- Did the big minute hand move? 5.- What did the people do? 6.- Did the big clock welcome the year?

Past Continuous. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

- I was watching a film last Saturday at 8 p.m. - They weren’t studying when I got into the classroom. - What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday night? - In that moment she wasn’t looking at me. - While everybody was paying attention, someone shouted.

When did all these things happen? What is the difference in meaning between simple past and past continuous?

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Simple past and past continuous contrasted. EX 14.- Use simple past or past continuous 1.- I _____________tv. In the living room when the storm __________(watch / begin). 2.- While the students _______________ the exam, the lights of the classroom ______________ , so they _______________ ( take / go / not finish) it. 3.- - What ________ you ________ when I _______________ you? (do / phone) - I _______________ a bath. ( have) 4.- Marge _______________ the teacher’s explanation because she ____ ______________________( not understand/ not pay attention) 5.- As I _______________to my house yesterday, I ______________ that somebody _______________ me; so I _______________, ___________ out my mobile phone and _______________ the police. ( walk / notice / follow /stop / take / call) Ex 15.- Answer these questions 1.- What were you doing one hour ago? 2.- Were you and your family living in Bs As ten years ago? 3.- Was your father working last Saturday? 4.- What were you watching on tv last night? 5.- Which subject were you studying this time yesterday? EX 16.- Read the following texts, then answer the questions A.-

Last week we went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again . ‘I can’t hear a word!’ I said angrily. ‘It’s none of your business,’ the young man said rudely. ‘This is a private conversation! 1.- Where did they go last week? 2.- What was the play like? 3.- Did he enjoy the play? 4.- Who were talking loudly? 5.- Where were they sitting? 6.- What did he do in the end?

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B.-

The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand! 1.- Where were the detectives waiting all morning? 2.- What were they expecting? 3.- How many people took the parcel off the plane? 4.- Where did they carry the parcel? 5.- What was inside the parcel? C.-

I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyer’s office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed none from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me $2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. ‘I have never borrowed any money from you.’ Harry said, ‘so now you can pay for my dinner.’ 1.- Where was he having dinner when he saw Harry Steele? 2.- When did Harry work in a lawyer’s office? 3.- Where is he working now? 4.- Does he earn a good salary? 5.- What does he always do? 6.- Where did Harry sit? 7.- When did he ask Harry to lend him money? 8.- Did Harry lend it? 9.- What did the man have to do ?

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D.-

Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work –shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their son’s bicycle! 1.- What was Frank telling him yesterday? 2.- What does Frank do now? 3.- Where did he use to work as a boy? 4.- When did he buy his own shop? 5.- What did he make during the war? 6.- How many people did he employ? 7.- What was he doing when his wife opened the door? 8.- What did she want him to do?

“Going to”future.

Ex 17.- Look at the following sentences, what are they expressing?

- I’m going to have a party tomorrow evening. - Sheila isn’t going to come here next Friday morning.

- Are they going to visit you tonight?

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Ex 18.- Your friend Marcos is on holiday in Salta. The tour guide has planned everything. Read and write what he is going to do MON, 10 a.m: visit the Cathedral. TUE, 1.30.p.m: eat typical northern dishes. WED, from morning to afternoon: go sightseeing round the city. THU, 4 p.m: buy craft and souvenirs. FRI, 8.30 p.m: have a party at the hotel. SAT: take a taxi to the airport / fly home. 1.- On Monday morning he ____________________________________ 2.- ________________________________________________________ 3.- ________________________________________________________ 4.- ________________________________________________________ 5.- ________________________________________________________

Ex 19.- Susan and her friend are having a party next Saturday.What would they say in each situation? 1.- Susan has decided to buy a new dress for the party. I’m________________________________________________________ 2.- Her best friend is determined to take her in his car.

I _________________________________________________________ 3.- They plan to dance all night. We ________________________________________________________ 4.- Susan doesn’t want to eat too much.

I __________________________________________________________ 5.- They intend to leave the party not too late.

We ________________________________________________________

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MOCK TEST PRE UNIT A.- Complete with the correct form of the verbs in brackets

Every weekend I ______________ (visit) my grandmother; she _______________(be) an old lady and she really _______________ (enjoy) my visit. We ______________ (talk) a lot, ______________ (listen) to her favourite old singers and I sometimes ______________(help) her with the household. So last Saturday I ______________(go) to the supermarket, _____________(buy) things to make a cake with her and then ___________ (take) the bus. When I _____________ (ring) the bell, I _______________ (notice) that she __________ (talk) with someone and I ______________ (hear) their conversation. She _______________ (chat) and ______________ (laugh) cheerfully with a man; they _______________ (remember) their days at school; my granny _______________ (feel) really happy, so I ___________ _______________(decide/come) back home and forget about the cake.

Yesterday she _______________ (call) me and _______________ (invite) me to have lunch next Sunday, but guess what? Her friend ______________ (have) lunch with us, she ______________ (cook) spaghetti and a cheese cake and then we _______________ (see) old photos of their days at school. B.- Complete the dialogue

Jack: Where ______________________________________________? I: I go to my grandmother’s house every weekend. Jack: What _______________________________________________? I: Well, we talk, and listen to music. Jack: ____________________________________________________? I: Yes, I did. I went last Saturday. Jack: Who ________________________________________________? I: She was talking with a man. Jack: When _______________________________________________? I: I’m going to visit her next Sunday. Jack: What ________________________________________________? I: She’s going to cook pasta and a cake.

C.- Choose the correct option 1- While we (watch/were watching) a movie, the lights (went/were going) out. 2- Where (is/does) your father work? 3- The president (announced/was announcing) new economic plans

yesterday. 4- All the students (are doing/do) an English test now. 5- What (were/did) you do last Saturday? 6- What subject (are you/do you) studying right now? 7- My sister (isn’t/doesn’t) like chicken. She (prefers/is preferring) fish. 8- Dad (works/is going to work) until 6 p.m next Saturday.

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D.- Answer these personal questions 1- What were you doing when the teacher came in? 2- What are your plans when you finish your secondary school? 3- What did you do last weekend? 4- What’s your family doing at the moment? 5- How does your father go to work?

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UNIT 1

PRESENT PERFECT. STUDY THESE EXAMPLES

1) I’ve written a hundred mails all day. 2) He has broken his leg. 3) You have visited a lot of countries around the world. 4) Have you ever eaten Chinese food? 5) It’s 11 o’clock and Peter hasn´t woken up yet. 6) The train has just arrived. 7) A: Please, don’t forget to do your homework.

B: Don’t worry! I have already done it.

NOW MATCH THE USE OF THIS PRESENT TENSE WITH THE SENTENCES GIVEN

We use it: � An event in the past but without a definite time__ � Experiences in the past without an exact time mentioned__ � Things completed so far without an exact time mentioned__ � Asking about experience __ � An event that happens before it is expected __ � Recent past event __ � Event that should have happened but it didn’t __

COMPLETE THE CHART I have finished my work Have I finished my

work?

You haven’t drunk milk He has played golf Has she driven a bus?

It hasn’t eaten meat We have flown a helicopter

Have they found the book?

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Ex 1.- Add a sentence in the present perfect tense 1.- I’m tired. (I / walk / miles) 2.- Emma’s computer is working now. (she / repair/ it) 3.- The visitors are here at last. (they / arrive) 4.- Mark’s car isn’t blocking us in now. (he / move / it) 5.- We haven’t got any new videos. (we / watch / all these) 6.- It’s cooler in here now. ( I / open / the window)

EX 2.- Present perfect and simple past. Join the two halves 1.- My little brother started school a.- all day. 2.- The Prime Minister hasn’t been abroad b.- when he was six. 3.- I caught a cold c.- in the 19th century. 4.- My father has been asleep in bed d.- since January. 5.- The Red Cross started e.- several minutes ago. 6.- The dentist has asked us to wait f.- when we went out in the rain. 7.- The last bust left g.- for a few minutes.

Ex 3.- Circle the correct option 1.- My sister (has been/ was) interested in medicine ever since she (has been / was) a child. 2.- How long (have you studied / did you study) before you (have qualified / qualified)? 3.- Where (have you first met / did you first meet) your husband? 4.- Is this the first time you (have cooked / cooked) pasta? 5.- We (have wanted / wanted) to go to the theatre last night, but there (haven’t been / weren’t) any seats. 6.- Oh, dear. What can we do? I’m sure something dreadful (has happened / happened) we have been waiting over an hour and he (hasn’t phoned / didn’t phone) yet. 7.- We (have posted / posted) the parcel three weeks ago. If you still (haven’t received / didn’t receive) it, please inform us immediately.

Ex 4.- Are the underlined parts right or wrong? Correct the wrong ones 1.- Do you know about Sue? She’s given up her job. ________________ 2.- The Chinese have invented printing. ________________ 3.- How many plays has Shakespeare written? ________________ 4.- Have you read any of Shakespeare’s play? ________________ 5.- Aristoteles has been a Greek philosopher. ________________ 6.- Wow! I have cut my finger. It’s bleeding. ________________ 7.- My grandparents got married in London. ________________

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8.- Mary isn’t at home. She has gone shopping. ________________ 9.- Einstein has been the scientist who has developed the theory of relativity. ________________ 10.- I have lost my key, I can´t find it anywhere. ________________ 11.- Have you seen the news on t.v. last night? ________________ 12.- I have bought a new car last week. ________________ 13.- Where were you yesterday evening? ________________ 14.- I’m hungry. I haven’t eaten anything today. ________________ 15.- She didn’t have holidays last year. ________________

Ex5.- Write the words in brackets in the correct place: 1.- We’ve come back from our holiday. (just) 2.- It isn’t a very good party. Most people have gone home. (already) 3.- Has your course started? (yet) 4.- Those people have been at the hotel Friday. (since) 5.- You ought to wash the car. You haven’t washed it ages. (for) 6.- Have you been sailing? (ever) 7.- Peter worked at that shop, they have sold a lot of things. (since) 8.- I have visited this museum. (never / before) 9.- My mother has finished to clean all the house. (just) 10.- The students have done all the exercises. (already)

Ex 6.- Write the verbs in the correct way: present perfect or simple past? 1.- ‘Where are the keys?’ ‘I don’t know. I (lose)_______________them.’ 2.- I (be)____________very tired, so I lay down on the bed and went to sleep. 3.- Mary (go)_____________to Australia for a while but she’s back again now. 4.- ‘Where’s Ken?’ ‘He (go)____________out. He’ll be back in about an hour. 5.- I did German at school but I (forget)______________ most of it. 6.- I meant to phone Diane last night but I (forget)_______________ . 7.- I (have) _______________ a headache earlier but I feel fine now. 8.- Look! There’s an ambulance over there. There (be) _______an accident. 9.- They’re still building the new road. They ( not finish) ____________ . 10.- ‘Is Helen still here?’ ‘No, she (just / go) _______________ out.’ 11.- The police (arrest) ______________three people but later they let them go. 12.- Ann (give ___________me her address but I’m afraid I (lose) __________ . 13.- Where’s my bike? It (be)__________outside and it (disappear)________ . 14.- What do you think of my English? Do you think I (improve)____________?

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Ex 7.- Read and write true or false

Evelyn Glennie is a remarkable young woman. At the age of 25, she is one of the world’s best solo percussionists. Music critics describe her as ‘brilliant’ and ‘breathtaking’ but she has never heard any applause. Evelyn Glennie is deaf and lives in a silent world. She can hear nothing except a few very high sounds. Evelyn, who has been deaf since she was a young girl, first realised she couldn’t hear very well at the age of eight. She was at a piano concert and it was time for her to play her piece. She didn’t hear them call her name and a man, who was just behind her, had to tap her on the shoulder to tell her that it was her turn to play. Over the next few years she became almost completely deaf. In spite of this, she studied piano and percussion at the Royal Academy of Music. She ‘hears’ by feeling the musical vibrations. ‘I can sense musical sound through my body. I hear low sounds in my legs and high sounds in my cheekbones and neck.’ In 1987 Evelyn won the Leonardo da Vinci prize for the best musician of the year. She has already made a record, which has been very successful, and she gives concerts about twice a week. Evelyn learnt to lip-read perfectly when she was very young and it is difficult to believe that she is deaf. In fact, Evelyn prefers it that way. She wants to be famous because she is a good musician, not because she has overcome a disability. A.- Evelyn is a musician. B.- She can’t hear. C.- She speaks clearly. D.- She hears musical sound through her body. E.- She has made a record. F.- Evelyn wants to be famous because she is deaf.

Ex 8.- Now answer these questions 1.- How old is Evelyn? 2.- Why is she famous? 3.- How do critics describe her? 4.- Why does she live in a silent world? 5.- How long has she been deaf? 6.- When did she realize that she couldn’t hear well? 7.- What did she study? 8.- Where did she study? 9.- How does she hear the sounds? 10.- What did she win in 1987? 11.- How many records has she already made?

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Ex 9.- Read and answer

A.- Captain ben Fawcett has bought an unsual ‘taxi’ and has begun a new service. The ‘taxi’ is a small Swiss aeroplane called a ‘Pilatus Porter’. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcett’s first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous. 1.- What has Captain Fawcett bought? 2.- Why is it unusual? 3.- How many passengers can the plane carry? 4.- What is the most surprising thing about the plane? 5.- Who was its first passenger? 6.- Where did he go? 7.- Where has Captain Fawcett flown since then? 8.- Why has he just refused a request from a businessman?

B.- Friday 25th June The wind has just dropped. Everyone is silent and depressed. So far this has been the worst and slowest part of the race. We still haven’t reached the English Channel. Saturday 26th June At last! We’ve just passed Land’s End. However, with so little wind, we’ll probably take two more days to reach Southampton. We’re all very hungry. We have already finished all our food. Dawn discovered some emergency rations – chocolate and glucose tablets - so now we’re eating those. Nobody has complained yet but I know the girls are feeling quite low. Please God, send us some wind. Monday 28th June 5.30 a.m. We’ve just come in sight of the Needles. We can see some yatchs waiting to welcome us. It feels great but it is sad to think that after so many days we are almost at the end of our journey. Monday 28th June 11.45 a.m. We’ve done it! This is the most wonderful day of my life. Now I can rest. I said we could complete the race and we did!

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1.- Why is everybody silent and depressed on Friday 25th ? 2.- Have they reached the English Channel? 3.- What have they just passed? 4.- How are they feeling? 5.- What did Dawn discover? 6.- Has anybody complained? 7.- What have they just come in sight? 8.- Why is the 28th June the most wonderful day of her life?

Ex 10.- Answer these questions 1.- How long have you studied in this school? 2.- Where did you spend your last summer holidays? 3.- Has your mother ever travelled to Europe? 4.- Has your friend broken a bone? 5.- When did you have your last English test?

Ex 11.- Give the questions 1.- _______________________________________________________ She has waited for two hours. 2.- _______________________________________________________ They spent ten days in Bariloche last year. 3.- _______________________________________________________ No, I haven’t. 4.- ________________________________________________________ Yes, she did. 5.- ________________________________________________________ He bought a nice house near the river. 6.- ________________________________________________________ Peter has just arrived to the Airport. 7.- ________________________________________________________ They have already done all the exercises. 8.- ________________________________________________________ I have eaten some biscuits.

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MODAL VERBS.

� Modals are used to add extra meaning to a verb. � Modals are followed by a verb in the infinitive form.

Study these examples: I practise Maths exercises with my teacher.

� Can/could we practise these exercises again, please? � We can practise in groups during the class, but we can’t leave the

exercises unfinished. � I should practise more Maths exercises. They aren’t easy. � I must practise hard to pass my Maths test tomorrow. I mustn’t forget!! � The teacher told me that I have to practise hard to pass my Maths test

tomorrow. � Luckily I don’t have to practise for my Maths test because the exercises

are easy.

COULD

We use could: a- To express ability in the past. When I was six, I could dive and swim underwater. b- For polite requests. Could you close the window, please?

CAN / CAN’T 1- We use can to ask for and give permission. -Can I leave the room now? -Yes, you can, and you can listen to music in the yard. 2- We use can’t to express that “you are not allowed”. -Can we eat our sandwiches now? -No, you can’t eat or drink in class

Ex 12.- Read and say what they express 1.- My father could paint beautiful pictures at the age of eight.__________ 2.- You can’t use calculators during the maths exam._________ 3.- Could I have a glass of water, please? _________ 4.- Sue can go dancing , but she can’t stay after midnight because she’s only sixteen._________ 5.- You can’t wear shorts or bermudas at this school. __________

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SHOULD 1.- We use should to express that something is a good or right thing to do. 2.- We use should to give an opinion or some advice.

� You look tired. You should go to bed. � The government should do more to help the homeless people.

Ex 13.- Read and underline the positive, interrogative and negative forms of should

John: I have a terrible headache. What should I do? Ann: I think you should see a doctor and you shouldn’t drink so much beer at the weekends. John: I think The problem is my eyes. Should I see an oculist? Ann: Yes, you should. And you shouldn’t use the computer for long hours. It damages your sight.

Ex 14.- Choose the appropriate option 1.- Children under eight should / shouldn’t do homework at home. 2.- We should / shouldn’t stay under the sun at midday. 3.- People should / shouldn’t use the mobile phones while they are driving. 4.- You should / shouldn’t drink coffee if you can’t sleep at night. 5.- Teenagers should / shouldn’t spend so much time on the net.

MUST and HAVE TO. They both express obligation.

� MUST is personal. We use it when we give our personal feelings. � HAVE TO is impersonal. We use it when we have to follow external facts or

rules. Study these examples: a- I must visit my friend Janice, she is ill in hospital. b- I have to visit my friend Jill in hospital between 4 p.m and 6.30 p.m. c- John must study hard and make great efforts to become a doctor. d- John has to attend university for five years to become a doctor. e- Robert has to get up early tomorrow; his train leaves at 6.15 a.m. f- Robert must get up early to finish his history project.

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Which sentences express a personal obligation? Which sentences express rules that we need to follow?

Ex 15.- Complete with must or have to 1.- It’s later than I thought. I__________leave now! 2.- Students from some private schools __________wear a uniform. 3.- Mike doesn’t like his job; he often __________ work at weekends. 4.- Mum __________do the shopping every Saturday to buy the food for the week. 5.- I__________see a doctor immediately because I have constant headaches. 6.- -What ___________________________(your sister / do) at the library? -She________look for the books people need, she ______ be kind and quiet. 7.- You can’t turn right in this corner; you___________turn left! 8.- In our country young people__________ be over 17 years old to drive a car. 9.- Children shouldn’t stay alone in parks. They________always be with an adult. 10.- Children in our country_________start their primary school at the age of six.

MUSTN’T and DON’T HAVE TO.

- They are both negative. - They don’t express the same.

MUSTN’T expresses prohibition, “you are not allowed”. MUSTN’T and CAN’T are synonyms, but MUSTN’T is stronger. DON’T HAVE TO expresses absence of obligation. Look at these examples:

a- Students mustn’t use their cell phones in class. b- Students don’t have to wear a uniform at this school. c- Students don’t have to stay full day at this school. d- Students mustn’t wear shorts or Bermudas at school.

In which sentences the modal verb means “you don’t have permission”? In which sentences the modal verb means “it isn’t necessary”?

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Ex 16.- Choose the correct option 1.- You don’t have to / mustn’t use a passport to travel to Uruguay. 2.- Students mustn’t / don’t have to bring a dictionary for their English classes. 3.- Sarah doesn’t have to / mustn’t get up early because she works in the afternoon. 4.- You mustn’t / don’t have to eat when you are in the library. 5.- John mustn’t / doesn’t have to drive his car to work. It’s quite close to his house.

Ex 17.- The headmaster of a secondary school tells the students about their rules on their first day of the term. Complete with modals “Good morning to all of you. We wish you a good term and we expect that you obey the rules we have. Firstly, you__________be at school for morning registration by 7.45. You also__________be at the school yard at 2.30 p.m. to attend your gym classes. If you are ill or can’t come to school, your mother or father__________phone the school by 8.30 a.m. Anyone who cycles to school__________wear a helmet. And remember that you__________enter your bikes to school, we haven’t got enough room for them. Smoking is forbidden, of course. You_________smoke anywhere, not even at the entrance of the institute. You__________drink or eat in class, you __________keep your classroom clean. You__________paint or draw on the walls. You __________use mobile phones during the classes. In fact, you______ to bring them to school because we have our own public telephones. Remember that you__________wear your uniform every day and that boys_____ wear football t-shirts for gym and girls__________wear jewels or make up. That’s all and one last thing: remember that you_________be respectful with your mates and teachers all the time.”

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JOBS AND PROFESSIONS Ex 18.- Write sentences using phrases from A and B and have to or don’t have to A B Nurses help with the washing up in a restaurant. A waiter carry people’s bags to their rooms. Secretaries wear a uniform. Maid train every day. A hotel receptionist type letters and answer the phone. Doctors look after people. Professional athletes make people’s beds. 1.- _______________________________________________________ 2.- _______________________________________________________ 3.- _______________________________________________________ 4.- _______________________________________________________ 5.- _______________________________________________________ 6.- _______________________________________________________ 7.- _______________________________________________________

Ex 19.- Looking for a job. Read the advertisements from a paper and write sentence using modals

Moonlight- Café-bar. Bar staff Are you a student? Do you need to make extra money? Why not join the staff at the Riverside café? Part–time job. Only Sat and Sun nights. Over twenty years old. Previous working experience. Punctual, friendly and kind. Uniform provided.

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If you want to apply for this job:

a.- you have to work part time / you don’t have to work full time. b.- c.- d.- e.- f.-

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MOCK TEST UNIT 1 A- Read Marcos Sanchez was born in Mexico DF in 1993. When he was only four, all the family moved to Argentina because his father got a job in an important fast food company, where he still works. Marcos isn’t an ordinary boy, because he is the youngest Argentinian chess champion. He started playing chess at the age of five and never stopped. He played at home with his father and elder brother and then at school, where his teachers discovered his natural talent. “I’ve loved chess since I have memory. I’ve taken part in national and international tournaments and I’ve always got the first and second posts. I’ve just come back from Spain, where I played against the most talented young Euorpean players. I know I haven’t finished learning about chess yet, every day I must practise and improve my skills. I want to show other teenagers that nothing is impossible if you work hard to fulfil your dreams. I’ve won the first prize among teenagers here in Argentina, but I have to train harder to become the youngest world chess champion!!”

B- Ask and answer. Use past simple or present perfect

1- When / Marcos /move to Argentina? 2- Where / he / start / playing chess? 3- How long / he / play chess?

4- Where / he / just / be to?

5- Which prize / he / win recently?

C- Complete. Use “have to”,” don’t have to” or “mustn’t”

1- Marcos____________________ get up early to practise this game. 2- A chess player____________________ talk during the game. 3- You ____________________ to be quite concentrated while you are

playing. 4- You ____________________ wear special clothes during a tournament. 5- Marcos ____________________ practise his chess moves every day after

school. 6- People who watch a game of chess _______________________be silent all the time.

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D- Write the sentences in the present perfect tense, positive or negative

1- Marcos / win / the world chess tournament yet. 2- He /never / be / to Asia for a competition. 3- He / just / return/ from Europe. 4- Marcos / become / the youngest Argentinian champion recently. 5- He / already / take / part in several Latin American tournaments.

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UNIT 2 FUTURE TENSES SIMPLE FUTURE. JOIN THE EXAMPLES WITH THEIR MEANING 1.- I think Manchester United will win the Cup. ______ 2.- I will help you to finish the report. ______ 3.- She will call me as soon as she gets home. ______ 4.- - There isn’t any coffee. - Ok. I’ll go to the supermarket and buy some. ______ 5.- I’m really very tired. I won’t have dinner. I will go to bed. _________ 6.- The world population will have serious food problems by 2020. ________ 7.- I will help you with your homework if you don’t understand it. __________ 8.- I will call you as soon as I come back from Mexico. ___________ A. -Prediction. B.- Promise. C.- Spontaneous decision. D.- Offers

REMEMBER:

- Will is followed by an infinitive verb. - Will not = won’t. - Will =‘ll. - Subject + WILL / WON’T + Verb in the infinitive form.

Ex 1.- Complete with the verbs in the future form, positive or negative

1- Sally has phoned. She__________ (come) to the party. She’s ill in bed.

2- -What __________you __________(have) for lunch today? - I __________ (eat) anything. I’m not hungry at all. 3- I think Jack __________ (like) his birthday present. 4- Lots of people __________(see) Woody Allen’s new film. 5- It’s quite windy and cloudy__________ (go) to the beach today. 6- Peter __________ (pass) his final exam. He has studied a lot. 7- - ________the team ________ (win) the match? - Yes, they________And they__________(be) the world champions! 8- I __________ (phone) you as soon as I finish work; I promise. 9- In the near future, more and more people__________(be) poorer. 10- -I can’t use this camera - It’s easy, I __________(show) you.

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Ex 2.-Write predictions to answer. Use will or won’t

1- Will cars be powered by petrol? Electric batteries? Atomic power? 2- Will people still smoke cigarettes?

3- Will people speak the same language all over the world?

4- Will there be drugs against every kind of disease?

5- Will people eat the same food in the future?

6- Make your own prediction about the world in 100 years’ time.

Ex 3.- A salesman is trying to sell a computer to his customer. Complete the sentences with will or won’t “This is an excellent machine which __________give you many years of service. We __________install it for you. We __________even give you a special course to teach you how to use it. But you__________find it difficult to learn. You __________soon see how easy to store information and to type letters with the computer. Now, about payment. We__________ask you for immediate payment. It__________be OK if you make a small payment , and you can pay the rest in three months’ time.- we __________send you a letter to remind you. What’s more, we__________give you a 5% reduction on the market price. And of course, the computer__________come to you with a two- year guarantee. But actually, you__________need the guarantee, because there__________be any problems with the machine. If there are, I__________deal with them personally. So you want to buy it? Good! I can tell sir, you __________be sorry! Actually, I__________give you this machine here in the showroom- it’s a demonstration model and it’s dusty. I__________ get you another one from the store downstairs. Please wait a moment, sir. I __________be back in a minute”

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Ex 4.- Now answer the following questions according to the text 1- Who will install the computer? 2- Will the customer have to pay for a course? 3- Will the customer pay it immediately? 4- Will he get a discount for the purchase? 5- How long will the computer be guaranteed? 6- Will the customer buy the computer that is in the showroom?

SIMPLE FUTURE- GOING TO FUTURE. Ex 5.- Circle the correct option 1.- ‘Did you phone Ruth?’ ‘Oh no, I forgot. I (phone / will phone) her now.’ 2.- I can’t meet you tomorrow afternoon. I (am going to play / will play) tennis. 3.- ‘I (meet / will meet) you outside the hotel in half an hour, OK?’ ‘Yes, that’s fine.’ 4.- ‘I need some money.’ ‘OK. , I (am lending / will lend) you some.’ 5.- I (am going to finish / will finish) this exercise as soon as I have time. 6.- I think Tom (isn’t going to pass /won’t pass) his maths exam. 7.- She told me they (are going to have / will have) the party next Saturday night. 8.- Tonight they (are going out / will go out) with their parents.

Ex 6.- Read what George says about his life now and his future

Friday 25th At the moment I have to work very hard .I study at home every night and tonight is the same. I’ll stay at home as usual; I’ll be in my bedroom with my books. But tomorrow is Saturday-no classes and no work! So tomorrow I’ll probably be at the city centre. I want to buy some clothes. I will finish my degree course next month so at the end of the month I’ll be on holiday in Uruguay with my girlfriend. A few years from now I’ll probably be married. In 2010 I’ll be 40 years old. My children will probably be at school. I don’t know where I’ll be in 2020.

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Are the sentences true? Correct the wrong ones 1.- George will be at the cinema this evening. ___________________________ 2.- He will be in his bedroom. ________________________________________ 3.- Tomorrow morning he will be at university. ___________________________ 4.- Next month he’ll be in Uruguay. ___________________________________ 5.- He’ll be on his own. ____________________________________________ 6.- A few years from now he’ll probably be married. _______________________ 7.- He will be 28 in 2001. ___________________________________________ 8.- His children will probably be at university. ____________________________ 9.- He’ll be in Argentina in 2020. ______________________________________

Ex 7.- Write or wrong: correct the wrong ones 1. - A: Why are you turning on the T.V.? B: I’m going to watch the news. ______________ 2.- A: Oh, I’ve just realised. I haven’t got any money. B: Don’t worry. I am going to lend you some. ______________ 3.- A: I’ve got a headache. B: Wait. I’ll get you an aspirin. ______________ 4.- A: Why are you filling that bucket with water? B: I will wash the car. ______________ 5.- She will phone you when she arrives home. ______________ 6.- Next weekend they are going to move to their new house. ______________ 7.- What are you going to study when you finish school? ______________ 8.- Where will you be at the end of the year? ______________

Ex 8.- Write the verbs in simple future or going to 1.- I feel a bit hungry. I think I (have)______________something to eat. 2.- Why are you putting on your coat? _______you (go) __________out? 3.- What time _________I (phone)__________ you this evening? About 7.30? 4.- Look! That plane is flying towards the airport. It (land)_____________ 5.- Jenny has already planned her summer holidays. She __________(travel) to the north part of the country with her school friends. 6.- I’m sorry you’ve decided to leave the company. I (miss) ____________ you when you go.

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Ex 9.- Read the texts, then answer the questions

A.- Our neighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We will meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail. Topsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight, so we will have plenty of time. We’ll see his boat and then we will say goodbye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. 1.- When will Captain Alison sail from Portsmouth? 2.- Where will they meet him? 3.- What is Topsail? 4.- How many times has it sailed across the Atlantic? 5.- What time will Captain Alison set out? 6.- Will they have a lot of time? 7.- How long will he be away? 8.- Why are they proud of him?

B.- THE OLYMPIC GAMES When the next Olympic Games begin, satellites will carry TV pictures of the opening ceremony to millions of people thousands of miles away. From their armchairs these people will be able to see their country’s athletes competing in events and maybe winning a bronze, silver or even gold medal. When we consider the size, the spectacle and the commercialism of the modern Olympic Games, it is difficult to remember that they started in Olympia in Greece in 776 BC with only one race for which the prize for the winner was an olive wreath. 1.- What will happen when the next Olympic Games begin? 2.- How many people will see it? 3.- What can the competitors win? 4.- Where did the Olympic Games start? 5.- When did it start? 6.- How many events did it have? 7.- What was the prize?

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Conditional Sentences. Type 0:

� It’s a tropical country, and so if it rains hard, everyone stays indoors. � If it rains, I get wet. � If you feel dizzy, stop taking the tablets.

What do you think are these sentences expressing? Try to make the grammatical rule Type 0:

� Describes what always or usually happens. � Gives instructions. � Describes a real situation.

Type 1: � If we miss the bus, we’ll be late. � If we don’t catch the bus, we’ll be late. � If we walk so slowly, we’ll be late.

What do you think are these sentences expressing? Try to make the grammatical rule Type 1:

� Describes possible situations and their results. � Expresses requests. � Expresses suggestions or offers. � Describes a real situation.

IMPORTANT!!!!!

� Although a present tense is used after if, the time referred to is present/future.

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Ex 10.- Join the two halves

1. If we run a) If you fall. 2. If I’m sick, b) If you don’t study. 3. You’ll fall off c) I go to the doctor’s. 4. Your teacher will be angry d) We won’t be late. 5. I won’t be able to catch you e) If you ride your bike like that.

Ex 11.- Complete using the correct form of the verbs 1.- If Jack (not leave)____________now, he (miss)_____________his train. 2.- I (pay)___________you later if you (buy)____________me some cigarettes. 3.- If you (press) ___________ that button, a bell (ring)____________. 4.- If it (rain)___________, we (stay)____________at home. 5.- If we (play)___________basketball in the classroom, we (break)_________ the window.

Ex 12.- Read the situation and complete each sentence 1.- A friend wants you to play soccer in the classroom; you are worried about breaking the window. You say: If we play soccer in the classroom, we’ll break the window. 2.- You want to leave the party now, because you are worried about missing the last bus. 3.- Your dog bites people. A friend wants to touch the dog. 4.- It’s raining. You want to stand under a tree, because you are worried about getting wet. 5.- You want to take the bus to the city centre. Your friend wants to walk. You are worried about getting tired. 6.- You are walking to school with a friend. You don’t want to be late.

Type 2:

� If I knew the answer, I would tell you. � If I were a rock star, I’d live in New York. � If I landed my helicopter at school, my teacher wouldn’t like it.

What do you think are these sentences expressing? Try to make the grammatical rule

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Type 2: � Describes an imaginary situation. � Expresses suggestions, offers and advices less probable than type

1. � Describes an unreal situation.

IMPORTANT!!!!!

� Although the past simple tense is used after if, the time referred to is not past but imaginary.

� Were is often used instead of was.

Ex 13.- Complete using the correct form of the verbs 1.- If I (have)__________the time, I (go)_________to the cinema more often. 2.- If I (find)__________some money, I (take)__________it to the police. 3.- If I (have)__________a dog, I (take)__________it for a walk every day. 4.- If I (meet)__________an alien, I (try)__________to talk to it. 5.- If everyone (speak)__________ Spanish, nobody (learn)________English.

Ex 14.- Read the following text, then do the following

THE JULIET ADVICE LINE In a tiny room in the heart of Verona, Italy, a sixty-year-old man writes

letters. He gets – and answers! – over 3,000 letters every year. He is Giulio Tamassia but his readers know him only as ‘Juliet’. Tamassia is the President of the Juliet Club. Heartbroken men and women from around the world write to him for comfort and advice.

The club started when, in 1937, an Englishman wrote a letter to ‘Juliet, Verona’. The guardian of Juliet’s tomb decided to write back pretending to be the dead girl’s secretary. ‘Juliet’ has been mending broken hearts ever since! Tamassia has some helpers. If he didn’t, it wouldn’t be possible to answer so many letters. His daughter, Giovanna, is his right hand. She speaks English very well and helps her father answer the many letters people write in English. Often, however, people write in their own language. Then, the club has to find someone to translate them. ‘If in the future we get a letter in Chinese, we’ll get it translated,’ he says. ‘It might take time but we’ll do it. And we reply, even if it’s only a postcard. If we didn’t answer, the writer would be very disappointed.’

Some letters are simple. Many are from young people who just cannot find their Romeo or Juliet; others are from teenagers who find it difficult to talk to their friends and parents. Some teenagers write things like: ‘If my parents knew about my boyfriend, the’d be very angry.’ The team always think about their answers carefully and try to give good advice. They put themselves in the writer’s position and in certain cases write something like, ‘I would talk openly about the problem if I were you.’

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‘It’s nice to be able to say: if you do this, everything will be OK,’ says Giovanna. ‘But things aren’t always as simple as that.’ If they feel they can’t answer a particularly difficult letter, they ask a psychologist friend for help. Postage stamps for over 3,000 letters are not cheap ! Tamassia pays for them partly out of his own pocket but he also gets help from the city council. ‘If they didn’t help, we just wouldn’t be able be able to keep the club going,’ says Tamassia. And that would be a pity. The course of true love isn’t always smooth. When it isn’t, the Juliet club is there to help.

a.- Answer these questions 1.- What does Giulio Tamassia do every year? 2.- When did the club start? 3.- Who helps him? 4.- What would happen if they didn’t answer a letter or postcard? 5.- Who pays postage stamps?

b.- Write conditional sentences using the cues 1.- Tamassia has help and so it is possible to answer every letter. If he didn’t have help, it wouldn’t be possible to_________________________ 2.- One day they will probably get a letter in Polish. Then they’ll find a translator. If they get a letter in Polish,_________________________________________ 3.- They answer the letters so people are not disappointed. If she didn’t answer the letters, ______________________________________ 4.- The girl’s parents haven’t found out about her boyfriend yet. One day they will probably find out! Her parents will be angry if they _____________________________________ 5.- People think Juliet’s answer help. That’s why they write to thank her. People wouldn’t write to Juliet, If______________________________________

Ex 15.- Complete each sentence with a verb from the box met robbed saw slept were won would ask would be would buy would catch would fly would visit 1.- If I __________a famous person, I __________them some questions. 2.- If I _________a helicopter, I _________ to school. 3.- If I _________a bank, the police _________me. 4.- If I __________a lot of money, I _________presents from my family. 5.- If I__________in the classroom, my teacher__________very angry. 6.- If I__________an astronaut, I__________other planets.

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Comparing conditionals type 1 and 2!!!!!!! Conditional 1: a) We are on the roof of a building. You are standing very near the edge. That is dangerous. I say: If you fall, you’ll hurt yourself. b) It is a cold day in winter. We are going to leave the house. I have got a coat for you. I say: If you wear this coat, you won’t be cold. Conditional 2: a) We are on the roof of a building. You are not near the edge. There is not danger. I imagine a dangerous situation and say: If you fell, you’d hurt yourself. b) It is a cold day in winter. We are outside. I am wearing a coat. I am warm. You are not wearing a coat. You are cold and I say: If you wore a coat, you wouldn’t be cold.

Ex 16.- Choose the most suitable word or phrase for each space 1.- If I were you, I ………. On holiday and relax.

a) will go b) would go c) go 2.- If you don’t have any money, ……..a job.

a) get b) you would get c) you will get 3.- f I …………car, I wouldn’t walk to work.

a) did own b) owned c) own 4.- If he weren’t tired, he ………go to the party.

a) would b) will c) did 5.- If you ………the door, the cat won’t escape.

a) close b) closed c) will close 6.- If we ……..by plane, we’d get there much quicker.

a) will go b) went c) go 7.- If Sue ……..now, she will miss the bus.

a) didn’t leave b) won’t leave c) doesn’t leave 8.- If my brother had an expensive car, he ………really happy.1

a) will be b) would be c) was 9.- If I ……..a pop star, I would buy an enormous house.

a) will be b) was c) be 10.- If it rains, the children usually …….inside.

a) will play b) played c) play

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Ex 17.- Choose the correct word or phrase underlined in each pair (Type 1 or 2) 1.- If we’re /we would be late for class, our teacher will be/ was angry. 2.- If we lived/ would live on another planet, we’d see/ we will see the Earth in the sky. 3.- If we take/will take a taxi, we’ll arrive/ we arrived sooner. 4.- If we don’t hurry/ won’t hurry, we’ll be/ we would be late. 5.- If we were/ are birds, we would be able to/ are able to fly. 6.- If you don’t wear/ wouldn’t wear your pullover, you’ll feel/ you felt cold. 7.- If I studied/ will study harder, I would get/ get better marks. 8.- If I had/ have a motorbike, I’d ride/ I rode it to school. 9.- If you lend/ will lend me your bike, I’ll let/ I let you borrow my skateboard. 10.- If I had/ would have lots of money, I’d give/ I gave some to all my friends Ex 18.- Join the two halves If you play the music too loud, the alarm would go off. If the North Pole melted, I’ll buy a new bike. If we don’t have enough ice-cream, I’ll be in Paris at 6.00. If I found someone’s wallet, you wouldn’t see me anymore! If a burglar broke into this house, you would feel better. If my train isn’t late, the water would flood many cities. If you were famous, I’ll buy it for you. If my father lends me the money, you’ll wake up the neighbours. If you took more exercise, we’ll get some more. If you tell me what you want, I’d take it to the police station.

Ex 19.- Complete with conditionals type 1 or 2 1.- If I (have)_______________arms five metres long, I (be able)___________ to reach the top of that shelf. 2.- Don’t worry; you’ve just got a cold. If you (take)______________ an aspirin, you (feel) _______________ better. 3.- Vegetarians believe that if nobody (eat) _______________ meat, everyone (live)_______________longer. 4.- If I (become) _______________ a famous rock star, I (buy) ____________ my parents an enormous house. 5.- It says “No parking”. If you (leave)______________ the car here, the police (give)_______________ you a parking fine. 6.- It’s not far. If you (follow)_______________ this path, you (come)________ to the station. 7.- If people in cities (use)_______________ bikes instead of cars, there (not be)_____________ so much pollution. 8.- Actually it’s a very friendly dog. If you (touch)________________ it, it (not bite)_______________you. 9.- If you (leave)_______________your books on the desk, I (give)_________ them back to you at the end of the lesson. 10.- If you (own)______________ a pet tiger, your friends (not visit)__________ you!

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Type 3:

� If I had taken my umbrella, I wouldn’t have got wet. � If I’d heard the weather forecast, I wouldn’t have gone out. � If I had taken some money with me, I could have taken a taxi.

What do you think are these sentences expressing? Try to make the grammatical rule Type 3:

� Describes an impossible situation that happened in the past. � Expresses regret about the past. � Expresses a criticism about people or points out their mistakes. � Describes an unreal situation.

IMPORTANT!!!!!

� In this Type of conditional sentences the time referred to is the past.

Ex 20.- Complete the conversation. Put in the correct form of the verb. Use the past perfect or would have Nick: United didn’t play very well today. Tom: We were awful. But if Hacker had taken (take) that easy chance we would have won (we/win). Nick: We didn’t deserve to win. It ___________(be) pretty unfair if Rangers

___________(lose). Tom: Hacker was dreadful. My grandmother______________ (score) if

_______________(she/be) in that position. Nick: And if Burley____________ (not/be) asleep, he____________ (not/give) a goal away. Tom: If Johnson _____________(not/be) injured when we needed him most, _______________(it/ be) different. Nick: Yes,______________ (we/beat) them if ________________ (he/be) fit.

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Ex 21.- Complete the conversations. Put in the correct form of the verb Mike: You look tired. Harriet: Well, if you hadn’t woken (you/not/wake) me up in the middle of the night, I wouldn’t be (I/not be) so tired. Rita: Is Trevor a practical person? Laura: Trevor? No, he isn’t. If____________ (he/be) practical, ______________ _______________(he/put) the shelves up a bit quicker. It took him ages. Tom: Why are you sitting in the dark? David: Let’s just say that if _____________(I/pay) my electricity bill last month,

_______________(I/not be) in the dark now. Mathew: Why are you so angry with me? All I did yesterday was play basketball. Emma: If_______________ (you/love) me,_______________ (you/not/leave) me here all alone on my birthday.

Ex 22.- Read the story and order the paragraph The tragic story of Romeo and Juliet A Verona, Italy, during the fifteenth century. The Montagues and the Capulets, two important families from Verona, were bitter enemies and fought constantly. Perhaps, if they had known the tragedy they are going to cause, they would have stopped. B The day after the wedding, during a fight, Tybalt Capulet plunged his sword into Mercutio’s side and killed him. Blinded with rage Romeo killed Tybalt to avenge his friend. The Prince of Verona, who had had enough of the fighting, expelled Romeo from Verona. ‘Romeo, if you hadn’t been so impulsive, this wouldn’t have happened,’ he said. ‘You must leave Verona and never come back.’ C Unfortunately, Romeo never got the Friar’s message. When he heard that Juliet was dead, he believed it. He couldn’t live without her so he bought some poison and drank it in the chapel. He died next to Juliet’s body. D Juliet was in despair: her dear cousin Tybalt was dead, murdered by her beloved Romeo. On top of that, he parents wanted her to marry Paris, a man she disliked. Friar Lawrence had a plan: ‘Drink this potion,’ he said. ‘You will appear to be dead for twenty-four hours. When they leave your body in the chapel, Romeo can come back and you can escape together. I will tell Romeo the plan in a message.’ E Later that night, Romeo climbed the wall to Juliet’s balcony and they declared eternal love for each other. The following day they were secretly married by Friar Lawrence. He wouldn’t have helped them if he hadn’t thought that their love would stop their families’ hate for each other.

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F When Juliet woke up, she found, to her horror, Romeo’s dead body lying next to her. She took his dagger and drove it into her heart. G Romeo and Juliet were found lying dead in each other’s arms. ‘Capulet and Montague,’ said the prince sadly, ‘if you hadn’t hated each other, your children wouldn’t have died.’ The families finally saw their mistake and, over the bodies of their children, promised to live in peace. H One evening, Romeo Montague and his best friend Mercurio went to a party at the Capulets’ house. They wore masks so no one would recognize them. There, Romeo saw the most beautiful girl he had ever seen. They instantly fell in love. But later he found out her name. She was Juliet Capulet, the daughter of his family’s worst enemy!

Now transform the pairs of sentences into conditional ones about how the story could have been different 1.- Romeo went to the Capulets’ party. He met Juliet. If Romeo hadn’t gone to the party, he wouldn’t __________________________ 2.- Juliet was a Capulet. Their love was impossible. If Juliet wasn’t a Capulet, ___________________________________________ 3.- The Montagues and the Capulets were bitter enemies. They fought constantly. The Montagues and the Capulets wouldn’t be__________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4.- Friar Lawrence helped them. They got married. Friar Lawrence wouldn’t___________________________________________ 5.- The prince expelled Romeo from Verona. He had to go to Mantua. If______________________________________________________________ 6.- Romeo didn’t get the message. He thought Juliet was dead.

Types 1, 2 and 3 Ex 23.- Match the sentences and join them with if. Say what type they are I went to bed earlier. I’ll try to follow them. The twins had worn different clothes. You might not be warm enough. You tell me what the instructions say. I wouldn’t have bought it. People used public transport. I wouldn’t sleep. You don’t wear a sweater. There’d be less pollution. I hadn’t seen the product advertised. We would have told them apart.

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Ex 24.- Adam is a music student. He rents a room from Mr Day. Put in the correct forms Mr Day: Can’t you stop playing that trumpet? You’re making an awful noise. Adam: Well, if I don’t practise (I/not practise), I won’t pass my exam. Mr Day: But why at night? It’s half past twelve. If ______________ (you/play) it in the daytime,_______________(I/not/hear) you because I’d be at work. If _______________(you/tell) me about this trumpet when you first came here, _______________ (I/not/let) you have the room. I’m

afraid it’s becoming a nuisance. If _______________(you/not/play) so loud,_______________(it/not/be) so bad.

Adam: I’m sorry, but you can’t play a trumpet quietly. Mr Day: If _______________(I/realize) a year ago what you were going to do, then _______________ (I/throw) you out long ago. If _________ ____ (you/go) on making this noise at night, _______________(I/have) to complain to your colleague.

Ex 25.- Complete using the correct form of the verbs. Put the conditional type in each situation 1.- If I (have)_________the time, I (go)__________to the cinema more often. 2.- If I (find)__________ some money, I (take)___________it to the police. 3.- If I (have)__________ a dog, I (take)__________ it for a walk every day. 4.- If I (meet)__________an alien, I (try)__________ to talk to it. 5.- If everyone (speak)__________ Spanish, nobody(learn)_________English.

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MOCK TEST

UNIT 2 A- Read Bryan’s mail to her mum and then answer Dear mum,

I’m so glad here in Tandil; the place is wonderful, the view from my window room is beautiful and I must say that the group is quite acceptable. I have to write to you quickly or I’ll miss my breakfast. If I have time tomorrow, I will send you some photos of the hostel and the town. It’s a pity I don’t have a video camera to record the different views and places. The weather wasn’t so good last week, so we didn’t go out too much. We stayed at the hostel and played cards or just watched a movie. I regret that I can’t play poker because I can’t play with my mates; they like spending hours playing it. I’ll learn how to play as soon as I come back. By the way, I have decided to start a course in rock climbing when I finish classes in December. I’ve discovered that I love it! Our first trekking experience was a disaster, to tell the truth. First, we didn’t have a map of the whole place, so some of us got lost Then, we forgot to take enough water to drink, so by midday we were all very thirsty. Finally, Hellen twisted her ankle and couldn’t walk, so we didn’t reach the top of the hill and had to wait for help to come back. Tomorrow afternoon we are going to visit the town and buy some souvenirs. I’ll buy you a box of chocolates, I know you love them. See you soon Bryan 1- Is Bryan having a good time in Tandil? 2- Did Bryan visit many places last week? Why? Why not? 3- Did Bryan play poker with his mates? 4- Which are Bryan’s plans after school classes? 5- Why was his first trekking experience so bad? 6- What’s Bryan going to do tomorrow?

B- Write conditional sentences from the underlined situations 1- If I ……

2- 3- 4- 5-

C- Find sentences in the future form from the text. State what they express

1- 2- 3- 4- 5-

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D- Write a conditional sentences from the following situations Type 1 a- Chris will pass his exam, but he has to work hard. If ______________________________________________________

b- Paulo will feel better, but he has to take his medicine. If ______________________________________________________

Type 2

c- David doesn’t get up early because he lives near the school. If ______________________________________________________

d- Ellen doesn’t have a car, so she walks 10 blocks to her work every day. If _______________________________________________________

Type 3

e- Mike didn’t write a shopping list, so he forgot to buy some coffee. If ________________________________________________________

f- Jean didn’t set the alarm clock, so she arrived late at school. If ________________________________________________________

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UNIT 3 PASSIVE VOICE. READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

- The Empire State Building is situated in New York. - The Twin Towers were blown up on September 11th, 2001. - Tom builds houses in my city. - Someone built this house in 1930.

- When do we use the two first sentences? Why? - What are we interested in? - What do they have in common? These sentences are written in Passive Voice and the structure is:

TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Now complete the following chart: ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE Simple present To be (was / were) + past participle

Ex. 1.- Read the texts and then answer the questions a.-

THE EMPIRE STATE BUILDING New York City is situated at the mouth of the Hudson River on the East coast of theUSA. It is made up of five boroughs with a combined population of over 17 million people. The heart of New York City is the island of Manhattan, where, in the Midtown and Downtown districts, the buildings ‘scrape the sky’. One of these skyscrapers is the Empire State Building on Fifth Avenue, between 33rd and 34th Street. Like the Statue of Liberty and Brooklyn Bridge, it is instantly recognised as a symbol of New York – a symbol which captures the power, energy and excitement of one of the world’s most-loved and most-hated cities. When the 102-storey structure was built in 1931, it was the tallest building in the World. From the top, on a clear day, you can see over a 50-mile radius. Its towering height and distinctive Art Deco style made the Empire State

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Building an instant success with the public. Its record as the world’s tallest building has since been beaten - the World Trade Center in New York and the Sears Tower in Chicago are both taller – but the Empire State Building remains uniquely fascinating. At night it is floodlit with coloured lights. Some people love the lights but others complain that their favourite New York building has been turned into the biggest Christmas tree in the world! EMPIRE STATE FACTS . The Empire State is ‘stepped’ above a certain height, rather like a pyramid, to prevent it from blocking light and air from the neighbouring area. . There are 6,500 windows, nearly seven miles of elevator shafts and enough floor space to shelter a town of 80,000 people. . The building was first cleaned in 1962. It took thirty people and six months to complete the job. They were all experienced at high altitudes, including one who was a former paratrooper. . In the famous film ‘King Kong’, the giant gorilla, King Kong, has his final battle from the top of the Empire State. 1.- Where is the Empire State Building situated? 2.- When was it built? 3.- What happens at night? 4.- Why do some people complain? b.-

TEXAS The state of Texas is a south-western state of the USA and is situated above Mexico and the Golf of Mexico. In fact it used to be part of Mexico but became part of the United States in 1845. The offical language is English, though Spanish is also widely spoken. A lot of oil is produced in Texas and exported to other American states, although this isn’t the state’s only business, there are many other industries too, and agriculture is also important. The state is headed by a governor, who decides local issues. As part of the USA, Texas is governed by the President and the Congress. 1.- Where is The State of Texas situated? 2.- When did it become part of the USA? 3.- What languages are spoken? 4.- How much oil is produced there? 5.- How is the State of Texas headed?

Ex. 2.- Now, read the paragraphs again and underline the sentences which are written in Passive Voice

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Ex. 3.- Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form: cause, damage, hold, include, invite, make, overtake, show, translate, write. 1.- Many accidents ____________________ by dangerous driving. 2.- Cheese __________________ from milk. 3.- The roof of the building ___________________ in a storm a few days ago. 4.- There is no need to leave a tip. Service____________________in the bill. 5.- You ____________________to the wedding. Why didn’t you go? 6.- A cinema is a place where films ___________________ 7.- In the United States, electons for President ___________________ every four years. 8.- Originally the book ___________________in Spanish and a few years ago it ___________________ into English. 9.- We were driving along quite fast but we ___________________ by lots of other cars.

Ex. 4.- Rewrite these sentences. instead of using ‘ somebody, they, people,’ write a passive sentence 1.- Somebody cleans the room every day. _____________________________________________________________ 2.- They cancelled all flights because of fog. _____________________________________________________________ 3.- People don’t use this road very often. _____________________________________________________________ 4.- Somebody accused me of stealing money. _____________________________________________________________ 5.- How do people learn language? _____________________________________________________________ 6.- People advised us not to go out alone. _____________________________________________________________

READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

A third of the natural World has been destroyed by human activity in the past twenty-five years.

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Every year many elephants are being killed in Africa.

This destruction should be stopped.

Now answer these questions.

- How do we form the tense in Passive for the Present Continuous?

- What about Present Perfect?

Now complete the following chart PASSIVE VOICE ACTIVE PASSIVE Present Simple Is/are/am + past participle Present Continuous Simple Past Past continuous Was/were + being + past participle Have/has + been + past participle Past Perfect Simple Modal + be + past participle Going to future Will + be + past participle

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REMEMBER!!!!! We use the Passive Voice when:

- the person or thing doing the action isn’t important, is unknown or it is understood.

- We are more interested in the event than in the person who does or did the action.

Ex. 5.- Read ‘sea turtles in danger’ and answer these questions

Sea turtles come in different colours, shapes and sizes and are found in many parts of the World, form Mexico and Costa Rica in Central America to Turkey and Greece in the Mediterranean. Sea turtles have existed for millions of years but their survival is now being threatened. Breeding habits: each year in the breeding season, the female sea turtle crawls from the sea at night to lay her eggs on the beach in a sandy nest. She lays about a hundred eggs the size of ping-pong balls, covers them with sand and then goes back to the sea. After about two months, the baby turtles emerge from the eggs. They are very tiny and struggle to reach the sea. During this time, the eggs and the new-born turtles are in danger of being eaten by birds, crabs and small animals like rats. Danger for pollution: the number of turtles worldwide has declined alarmingly. In 1942 a Mexican architect filmed approximately 42,000 turtles at a site in Mexico. In 1995 only 1,429 turtle nests were found in the same place. This drop in numbers is due to several causes. One is pollution, the world’s oceans and beaches have been seriously polluted by the use of chemicals and fertilizers. Plastic rubbish which has been dumped in the sea is also a danger when it is mistaken for food. Threaten of tourism: tourism is another problem. Many of the turtles nesting sites have been destroyed by the development of hotels in remote areas. Also, tourists can do damage by accidentally treading on the turtles’ nests and destroying the eggs. Baby turtles can be confused by lights from buildings and streets and prevented from finding the sea. They wander inland to be crushed by vehicles or to die from heat exhaustion in the sunlight. In addition, turtle eggs and turtle soup are now considered to be a delicacy for tourists so the stealing of turtle eggs and baby turtles has become more frequent. What is being done: volunteers are being used by wildlife organisations both to find out more about the sea turtle’s habits and to protect the baby turtles from animal and human predators. In particular, the volunteers mark and guard the nesting sites. Long-term measures are being planned to prevent the dumping of chemicals and toxic waste in the sea. However, in the short term it is vitally important to protect the turtles which still exist.

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a.- What do female sea turtles do in the breeding season? b.- What happens after about two months? c.- What has happened with the number of turtles? d.- How many turtle nests were found in Mexico in 1995? e.- Tell me some of the dangers that sea turtles find. f.- What can the lights from buildings do to baby turtles? g.- Why has the stealing of turtles eggs and baby turtles become more frequent? h.- Who are being used by wildlife? i.- What for? j.- How many passive voice sentences can you find? Underline them.

Ex. 6.- Write the words in the correct order 1.- from the eggs/ after two months / emerge / the baby turtles. __________________________________________________________ 2.- has declined/ alarmingly/ worldwide/ the number of turtle. __________________________________________________________ 3.- which/ in the sea/ a danger/ plastic rubbish/ is/ has been dumped/ also. ___________________________________________________________ 4.- in remote areas/ by the development of hotels/ many of the turtles’ nesting sites/ have been destroyed. ______________________________________________________________ 5.- from finding the sea/ baby turtles/ by lights/ can be confused/ from buildings. _______________________________________________________________

Ex.7.- Complete these sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form) Carry – cause – do – make – repair – send – spend – wake up 1.- The situation is serious. Something must ____________________ before it’s too late. 2.- I haven’t received the letter. It might ___________________ to the wrong address. 3.- A decision will not ____________________ until the next meeting. 4.- I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to__________________ at 6.30 the next morning. 5.- Do you think that less money should____________________ on armaments? 6.- This road is in very bad condition. It should ____________________ a long time ago. 7.- The injured man couldn’t walk and had to ____________________ . 8.- It’s not certain how the fire started but it might ____________________ by an electrical fault.

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Ex.8.- Change the sentences into passive voice 1.- Somebody has cleaned the room. __________________________________________________________ 2.- They have postponed the concert. __________________________________________________________ 3.- Somebody is using the computer at the moment. __________________________________________________________ 4.- I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation. __________________________________________________________ 5.- When we got to the stadium we found that they had cancelled the game. ___________________________________________________________ 6.- They are building a new ring road round the city. ___________________________________________________________ 7.- They have built a new hospital near the airport. ____________________________________________________________

Ex.9.- Put the verbs in the correct form (simple present or simple past, active or passive) 1.- It’s a big factory. Five hundred people (employ)____________________ there. 2.- Water (cover)____________________ most of the Earth’s surface. 3.- Most of the Earth’s surface (cover)____________________ by water. 4.- The park gates (lock)___________________ at 6.30p.m. every evening. 5.- The letter (post)____________________ a week ago and it (arrive) _____ _______________ yesterday. 6.- The boat (sink)____________________quickly but fortunately everybody (rescue)____________________ . 7.- Ron’s parents (die)____________________ when he was very young. He and his sister (bring)____________________ up by their grand parents. 8.- I was born in London but I (grow)____________________ up in the north of England. 9.- While I was on holiday, my camera (steal)____________________ from my hotel room. 10.- While I was on holiday, my camera (disappear)____________________ from my hotel room. 11.- Why __________Sue (resign)__________ from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it? 12.- Why __________ Bill (sack)__________ from his job? What did he do wrong?

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13.- The company is not independent. It (own)____________________ by a much larger company. 14.- I saw an accident last night. Somebody (call)____________________ an ambulance but nobody (injure)_______________ so the ambulance (not need)____________________. 15.- Where __________ these photographs (take)__________? In London? __________you (take)__________ them?

Ex.10.- Complete the article, putting the verbs in brackets into passive voice

Ten minutes after this picture (take)____________________, it (receive) ____________________ by newspapers around the world. With the latest digital technology pictures (can/publish) ____________________ only minutes grafter a press photographer has arrived at a scene and the photographs (take) ____________________. It means that a photographer can take, choose and send a photo to accompany a newspaper article while the article (write) ____________________by a journalist. THIS IS HOW IT WORKS: Today it only takes minutes to get the picture of a scene onto the front page of a newspaper. Photographs (take)____________________ with a digital camera. Up to 120 pictures (can / store)__________________ on a disk. The pictures on the disk (put)___________________ onto a laptop computer. The best picture (choose)____________________ and (transmit) __________________ from the laptop back to the office. The picture which (take)____________________ just ten minutes ago (now / put)____________________ onto the finished page.

Ex.11.- Rewrite the passages into passive voice

In the mid-nineties, the world had very strange weather... In 1995 in Britain, for example, the hottest summer since 1659 followed the wettest spring on record. In 1996 in New York, snow storms stopped the traffic and made life extremely difficult. In Britain, for example, the wettest spring on record was followed by the hottest summer since 1659. Swiss scientists have suggested that global warming could force people to leave big cities: `We must control the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. And we must find more environmmentally friendly ways of producing energy’.

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In Britain, people are always discussing the weather. It is a subject which we will talk about more and more frequently.

Ex.12- Complete the text with the verbs in passive voice

Supermarkets in Britain (alert)____________________ yesterday after a number of black widow spiders (discover)___________________ in boxes of grapes which (ship)__________________ from the USA. The spiders, which have a deadly bite, had crept into the boxes while the grapes (pack) ____________________ in Arizona. The alarm (raise)__________________ last week when two spiders (spot)___________________ by a worker who was inspecting the grapes. The spiders (immediately / put) _________________ into a box and later identified as black widow spiders. An expert from Bristol Zoo said ‘If a spider (find)____________________ in a box of fruit, the box (should/ reseal)____________________ and the authorities (must/ notify) ___ _________________ straightaway. Anyone who (bite)__________________ by one of these spiders should see a doctor as soon as possible’.

Ex.13- Rewrite the sentences in the passive voice 1.- We didn’t test these products on animals. _______________________________________________________________ 2.- First, someone took the animals to the laboratory. _______________________________________________________________ 3.- Then they put a substance in their eyes. _______________________________________________________________ 4.- Later, specialist technician record the damage to the eyes. _______________________________________________________________ 5.- Animal rights groups around the world are organising campaigns against animal testing. _______________________________________________________________ 6.- More and more companies are using new irritancy tests. _______________________________________________________________ 7.- Researchers in the U.S.A. are developing new and better methods for testing cosmetics. _______________________________________________________________ 8.- They are also developing new and better methods for testing products. _______________________________________________________________

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MOCK TEST UNIT THREE A-Read and answer Something terrible happened at my friend Susan’s house at the weekend. Someone broke into her house on Saturday night while all the family were having dinner at a restaurant by the riverside. The burglar took some jewellery and checks but luckily he didn’t do any damage inside the house. When the family arrived some time later, they stood astonished in the living room, waiting for the police to come. A young officer interviewed my friend’s dad. After a while two detectives found some fingerprints and quickly, the police computer identified the burglar. Police have arrested a young man today and at the moment they are questioning him. But, as it usually happens in these cases, they haven’t found the jewels and checks yet.

a- When did this incident happen? b- Was money taken from the house? c- Was the house damaged? d- Who was interviewed by the police? e- How was the burglar identified? f- Have the jewels and checks been recovered by the police yet?

B-Turn the underlined sentences into the passive voice a- b- c- d-

C- Choose the correct option 1- We can’t go drive along here because the road is ______ at the moment. a-repaired b-been repaired c- being repaired 2- The story I have just read ______ by Shakespeare. a-wrote b-was written c-has been written

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3- My house ______ painted next month. a-is being b-is going to c-is going to be 4- The classrooms ______ cleaned every day in our school. a-are b-are being c- are be 5-After the car accident yesterday, two people ______ taken to hospital. a- was b-were c- are

D- Active or passive?

1- The high trees of the street ____________________down by the strong winds last night. (blow)

2- My best friend ____________________ beautiful love poems. (write) 3- The new bridge in town ____________________ by the end of next month.

(build) 4- The football team of our school ___________________ the tournament last

Saturday. (win) 5- Breakfast ____________________ at this hotel at 7.30 a.m. (serve)

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EXTRA MATERIAL

PRE UNIT: Write am/is/are or do/don’t/does/doesn’t 1.- Excuse me, __________ you speak English? 2.- Where’s Ann? __________ you all laughing? 3.- George is a good tennis player but he __________ play very often. 4.- How much __________ this sports car cost? 5.- It _________ raining; I __________ want to go out in the rain. 6.- Where ________Dan come from? He________living in Bs As but he’s Irish.

UNIT 1: 1.-Simple past and present perfect: Make sentences using the cues and the link BUT 1.- Serena Williams / win / the U.S Open // not win / Wimbledon. 2.- Ronaldo / play / for Brazil// not be / a World Cup champion. 3.- Leonardo Di Caprio / make / many films// not get / an Oscar 4.- Maurice green /run / in many races // not break / the world record.

UNIT 1: 2.-Write true sentences about you (Use NEVER where necessary) 1.- I / write / a poem. 2.- My dad / drive / a car. 3.- I / be / to a seaside town. 4.- We / practise /simple present in English. 5.- Our school / take part / in sports competitions.

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UNIT 1: 3.-Express advice or opinion after each situation 1.- Peter and Alice are planning to get married. You think it’s a bad idea. They __________________________________________________ 2.- Your teacher explained a new issue yesterday. None of you understood it. The teacher ______________________________________________ 3.- The band decided to play in the garden of the hotel, but it’s raining hard. They ___________________________________________________ 4.- I’m not happy with my job; my salary is very low. I_______________________________________________________ 5.- Bill’s apartment is too small and dark He _____________________________________________________ 6.- The school football team loses every time they play

They ___________________________________________________

What are your rules at home? UNIT 1: 4.-Write sentences using the modals and the list of household jobs

- Tidy your room.

- Do the shopping.

- Wash up.

- Lay and clear the table.

- Be rude to your family.

- Drink beer.

- Go to bed early.

- Help your brothers with their homework.

Can you add any others at your home?

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UNIT 1: 5.-Looking for a job: read the advertisements from a newspaper and write sentences using modals

International Petrol Co. Needs a junior clerk Young man over 23.years old Current university studies. No previous experience. Perfect English. Good knowledge of excel. Mon to Fri- 8a.m to 6p.m. Responsible .Non smoker. PIZZA WORLD Needs you, boy or girl Over 18. To deliver our pizzas. Tuesday to Sunday evening. Own a motorbike. Good knowledge of the town. Never be late No uniform required. Contact us to 011-$567- 4345.

UNIT 2: 1.-Complete these sentences (Type 0 and 1) 1.- If you change your mind, _______________________________________ 2.- If we don’t miss the bus, ________________________________________ 3.- If I have a cold,_______________________________________________ 4.- If you touch that,______________________________________________ 5.- If it rains,____________________________________________________ UNIT 2: 2.-Read the situations. Complete the advice. Use the verb in brackets 1.- Your friend has bad toothache. If_____________________________________________dentist’s. (go) 2.- Your friend wants to buy a new bike, but hasn’t got any money. If________________________________________your parents. (ask)

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3.- Your friend is having problems studying. If__________________________________________ teacher. (talk to) 4.- Your friend always feels tired in class, and sometimes falls asleep. If ___________________________________________bed early. (go) 5.- Your friend wants to take more exercise and be fit. If _______________________________________a sports club. (join)

UNIT 2: 3.-Complete each sentence. Use either conditional 1 or 2 1.- Sue doesn’t ride a bike to school, because she doesn’t have one. If Sue_______________________________________________________ 2.- Chris will pass his exams, but he has to work hard. If Chris______________________________________________________ 3.- John isn’t fat, because he doesn’t eat a lot. If John_______________________________________________ 4.- Ellen doesn’t have a car, so she walks to work. If Ellen_______________________________________________ 5.- Ali’s English will improve, but he has to practise. If Ali__________________________________________________ 6.- Pat won’t be late but she has to hurry. If Pat_________________________________________________ 7.- Rita doesn’t like swimming so she doesn’t go to the beach. If Rita________________________________________________ 8.- Paulo will get better, but he has to take his medicine. If Paulo_______________________________________________ 9.- David doesn’t get up early because he lives near the school If David_______________________________________________ 10.- Carol will catch the bus but she has to leave now. If Carol _______________________________________________

UNIT 2: 4.-Complete these conditional sentences. Use will or would and the present simple or past simple 1.- We’re going to the beach after school. If you (want)__________ to come with us, I (ask)__________ my mum if it is OK. 2.- I always ride my bicycle to work. If I (win)__________the lottery, I (get) __________a taxi every day instead. 3.- It’s amazing! Everyone in the class passed the exam! If I (be)_________ the teacher, I (be)__________really pleased. 4.- It is a very easy machine to use. If you (place)__________ the fruit in the top, the juice (appear)__________ at the bottom ready to drink. 5.- We’ve been waiting for almost an hour now. If they (not come)_________ soon, we (not see)__________ the start of the concert. 6.- Look at the sky! If it (start)_________ raining, the race (finish)________ early.

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UNIT 2: 5.-Complete the sentence for each situation, using the verbs given 1.- You are standing very close to the edge of a swimming-pool. You are wearing all your clothes, not a swimming costume. A friend says: If you (fall in)...fall in.., your clothes (get)...will get… wet! 2.- You are sitting in the classroom on a hot day. You are day-dreaming about going to the beach. You think: If today (be)__________a holiday, I (go) __________to the beach. 3.- You can’t answer a question in your English book. You ask a friend to help, but she doesn’t know the answer. She says: If I (know)__________ the answer, I (tell)__________ you. 4.- You are walking towards the bus-stop with a friend. Suddenly the bus arrives. The bus-stop is far away, but you think there is a chance of catching the bus. You say: If we (run)__________we (catch)_________ it! 5.- You are planning to go to the beach tomorrow with some friends. You are not sure about the weather, because it sometimes rains at this time of the

year. You arrange to meet tomorrow afternoon and say: If it (rain)_______ we(go)___________ to the cinema instead!

6.- You are very busy, because you have lots of school work, and you also play in two teams. A friend asks you to join a computer club. You say: If I (have)_________ more free time, I (join)___________ the club. But it’s Impossible at the moment because I’m too busy! 7.- You are discussing the idea of underwater cities. People are describing the advantages and disadvantages of living under the sea. You say: If we (live) __________under the sea, we (eat)____________ fish all the time! 8.- You are worried about a test next week. You ask your teacher for some advice. She says: If you (study)__________ for one hour every day, you (pass)___________ the test.

UNIT 2: 6.- Comment on each situation using a type 3 conditional with if 1.- In a bookshop yesterday Daniel saw a book he really wanted. The only problem was that he didn’t have any money. Daniel would have bought the book if he had had any Money. 2.- Rita often goes to concerts at the town hall, although not to every one. There was one on Saturday, but she didn’t know about it._____________ 3.- On Sunday the guests had to have their lunch inside. Unfortunately it wasn’t warm enough to have it outside.____________________________ 4.- There was a bomb scare last Tuesday. Sarah wanted to fly to Rome, but she wasn’t able to. The airport was closed._________________________ 5.- Laura has only met Nick once, and it’s possible she wouldn’t recognize him. He passed her yesterday, but he had a crash-helmet on__________ 6.- Sarah has been quite busy, and she hasn’t watered her plants form some time. As a result, they’ve died___________________________________ 7.- Nick likes ice hockey, but he didn’t have a ticket to the game last week, so unfortunately he wasn’t able to get in______________________________

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UNIT 2: 7.-What might you say in these situations? 1.- You think Emma should book a seat on the train. The alternative is having to stand. If Emma doesn’t book a seat on the train, she’ll have to stand. 2.- You didn’t know how unpopular Jason was when you invited him to your Party______________________________________________________ 3.- Warn your friend not to put too many tins into the plastic bag or it’ll break __________________________________________________________ 4.- You haven’t got a pen, so you can’t write down the address. __________________________________________________________ 5.- You should have started your project earlier. You’re so far behind now __________________________________________________________ 6.- Your friend might need some help. If so, tell her to give you a ring ___________________________________________________________

UNIT 2: 8.-Complete these sentences (Type 2) 1.- If I had a helicopter,___________________________________________ 2.- If I were the head teacher,______________________________________ 3.- If I were rich,_________________________________________________ 4.- If I were the English teacher,_____________________________________ 5.- If I spoke English,_____________________________________________

UNIT 2: 9.-Read the situations. Complete the advice. Use the verb in brackets 1.- Your friend has bad toothache. If________________________________________________dentist’s. (go) 2.- Your friend wants to buy a new bike, but hasn’t got any money. If____________________________________________your parents. (ask) 3.- Your friend is having problems studying. If _____________________________________________teacher. (talk to) 4.- Your friend always feels tired in class, and sometimes falls asleep. If_______________________________________________bed early. (go) 5.- Your friend wants to take more exercise and be fit. If___________________________________________a sports club. (join)

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UNIT 3: 1.-Complete the article (put the verbs in present simple passive or past simple passive) Crocodiles or crocs (talk)____________________about a lot in Australia. Usually they (separate)____________________ into two type: saltwater crocs and freshwater crocs (call)____________________`freshies`. Salties, which can be five metres long, (consider)____________________ much more dangerous than freshies. Swimmers who (catch)_______________ by a saltie, (roll)____________________ around in the water until their necks (break)____________________. Then the swimmer`s body (store)__________ __________ under some wood by the croc until it is soft enough for him to chew. Freshies are much smaller and swimming with them (think) __________ __________ to be safe but a little scary. Last year, by a river in the Australian outback, I (tell)____________________ that there were no salties in the water, but just a few freshies. `_________people ever (eat)____________ by freshies?` I asked a croc expert nervously. It (explain)____________________ to me that freshies are vegetarian so I didn’t need to worry. I (encourage)__________________ by this so I put one foot in the water. At the last minute, I (stop)_______________ By the croc expert who said, smiling, ‘Actually I’m not sure if they’re vegetarian or if they only eat vegetarians! You aren’t a vegetarian, are you? In the end I was so hot and the water looked so nice, I dived in. I’m pleased to say that I enjoyed my swim and my toes (not bite)____________________ off!

UNIT 3: 2.-Write the verbs in brackets in the past continuous tense, active or passive Dear Sir/madam, Our Easy World holiday on the island of Batto was a disaster. Throughout our two-week stay, the lift (repair)___________________ . As we (stay)___________________ on the seventh floor, we got very tired. For the first ten days, the pool (clean)____________________ . For one week of our holiday, a pop group (use)____________________ the hotel for concert rehearsals. Can you imagine the noise? The road outside the hotel (repair)____________________ so the hotel was full of dust all the time. For our first two days, the dining room (redecorate)____________________. We (have)____________________ our dinner in the garden when the manager came to speak to us. We told him that we (not look after)__________________ properly and we (not enjoy)____________________ our holiday. He laughed and said everything possible (do)____________________ to improve the situation.

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UNIT 3: 3.-Rewrite the vet’s comments in the passive 1.- People haven’t fed him properly. _______________________________________________________________ 2.- People have ridden him too much. 3.- They have forced him to work too hard. 4.- They have left him outside in cold weather. 5.- Nobody has brushed him for years. 6.- Somebody has treated this horse badly for years.

UNIT 3: 4.-Write the sentences into passive 1.- They didn’t give me the money. I __________________________________________________________ 2.- They asked me some difficult questions at the interview. I ___________________________________________________________ 3.- Janet’s colleagues gave her a present when she retired. Janet________________________________________________________ 4.- Nobody told me that George was ill. I wasn’t_______________________________________________________ 5.- How much will they pay you? How much will you______________________________________________? 6.- I think they should have offered Tom the job. I think Tom_____________________________________________________ 7.- Has anybody shown you what to do? Have you______________________________________________________?

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MOCK: FINAL TEST A. Read the text

Neil has a good job in London at the department of the environment. He has been in the same department since he left university in 2001 and now he has special responsibility for Historic buildings. If he stays there, he will surely be the head of his department within 10 years. Cathy, his wife, works for an insurance company and has been there for 12 years. Last month Neil has been offered a better post in the same department but in the North of England. The new office will be inaugurated by the beginning of next year. If Neil doesn’t accept, another engineer will be sent there. If he stays in London, he won’t be promoted. The problem is that Cathy doesn’t like the idea of moving from London; if she had a good degree, she could get a job immediately anywhere, but she didn’t finish university. She was forced to abandon her studies when her father died. This serious matter is being discussed at the moment by the young couple, but so far, they haven’t come to a satisfying agreement for both of themyet.

1) Answer 1- How long has Neil worked in London? 2- Does his wife work with him? 3- Does Neil have a promising future in the company? 4- Why doesn’t Cathy like the idea of moving from London? 5- What will happen if Neil doesn’t accept the department’s offer? 6- What should the couple do? Give your personal opinion.

2) Find 1- A conditional sentence type1:

2- A conditional sentence type 2: 3- A passive sentence in the past tense: 4- A passive construction in the present tense:

B- Complete with the correct form of the verbs in brackets 1- Danny ----------------- (already/do) his Maths exercises, but he ---------------

(not complete) his folder yet. 2- My sister ----------------- (not graduate) if she ------------------ (not study hard)

for the final exam. 3- The Earth ----------------- (be) more and more polluted in twenty years’ time.

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4- Dinner ------------------ (serve) at nine o’clock at home. 5- Our school -------------------(paint) at the end of last year. 6- If I ---------------(have) the chance, I --------------- (travel) round the world with

my friends. 7- The boys would have won the final match if they --------------------(stay) at

their homes last Saturday night. Now they ---------------- (feel) miserable. 8- I -------------- (buy) you a nice present for your birthday, I promise. 9- My parents ------------------ (live) in the same house since they got married. 10- If I ------------- (have) my camera, I --------------- (take) photos of this amazing place!

C- Turn the sentences into the passive voice 1- My boyfriend has sent me a beautiful bunch of flowers. 2- The government announced a new economic plan for the poorest regions.

3- At the moment the students are watching a video about the Second World

War. 4- Prisoners from the state prison built this bridge in 1953.

5- Our President is going to give a speech at eight o’clock tonight.

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Bibliografía:

� In focus 3. Ingrid Freebairn � In focus 4. Ingrid Freebairn � English grammar in use. Raymond Murphy � English for technical students. David Bonamy � Let´s go 4. Longman � Blueprint Intermediate. Longman � Blueprint 2. Longman � High flyer intermetdiate. Longman � Snapshop, intermediate. Longman � Snapshop pre-intermediat. Longman � Essential grammar in use. Longman � Developing skills. Longman

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