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• Overview of Struggling Readers • Engaging Readers in Digital Reading• Books, books and resources for books…
Meet the Stuggling Reader
A non-reader lacks the skills of a fluent reader. They read below grade level and struggle with fluency comprehension, and vocabulary. Feelings of defeat have turned off their desire to read and they often exhibit inappropriate behaviors to hide their inability to read and comprehend.
Characteristics of Struggling Readers
• Limited background knowledge.• Incomplete oral language.• Difficulty with multiple aspects of alphabetics• Ineffective fluency• Limited vocabulary• Comprehension difficulties• Low motivation• Lack of experience with routines• Poor hearing or vision
Strategies for Struggling Readers
• Explicit and Systematic
Finding Appropriate Books for the Struggling Reader
Choosing the right level
1. Independent Level - Books that students can read on their own with no adult help
2. Instructional Level – Books that students can read with a little help from adults
3. Frustration Level - Books that are too hard
Independent Level
•The text is relatively easy for the reader. No more than approximately 1 in 20 words are difficult for the reader •Student can read 95% of the words successfully.•Students can comprehend 80% of the content.
Instructional Level
•The text is challenging but manageable for the reader. No more than approximately 1 in 10 words are difficult for the reader.•Students can read 90% of the words successfully. •Students can comprehend 60-70% of the content.
Frustration Level
1. The text is too difficult for the reader. At least 1 in 10 words are difficult for the reader.
2. Students can read less than 90% of the words successfully.
3. Students can comprehend less than 60% of the content.
Developmental Category Grade Level Text Measure ATOSScale
DRA Fontas & Pinnell
Emergent KEmergent/Early K/1 200-400Early 1 1.5-1.9 13-16 C-IEarly/Fluent 2 300-600 2.-3.4 17-28 J-M
Fluent 3 500-800 3.5 -4.5 29-38 N-P
4 600-900 4.8-5.2 40-44 Q-T
5 700-1000 5.2-5.9 44-50 U-W
6 700-1000800-1050
5.9-7.1+ 50-60 X-Y
Advanced Fluent 7 850-1100 60-70 Z8 900-1150 70-80
8+ 1000-1200101112
Conversion Table for Reading Levels
Richard Allington
At a 99% accuracy rate, students will still make errors on about 4 or more words per
page. If there are 300 pages in the book, this means they will make 1200 errors during
their reading of the book—this will cause a loss of comprehension and
confusion/distraction/poor understanding.
