CONTAINMENT ON WATER IN BP OIL

SPILLInstructor: Dr. Bui Trong

VinhPresente

r:Pham Minh KhanhNguyen Binh Phuong

CONTENT

1. WHAT IS CONTAINMENT BOOM?2. COMPONENTS OF BOOM3. TYPES OF BOOM4. IMPLEMENTATION OF BOOM5. BP’S WAY OF CONTAINMENT OIL

SPILL

WHAT IS CONTAINMENT BOOM?

Figure 1: containment boom.

•CONTAINMENT BOOM: are the basic and most frequently used piece of equipment for containing an oil spill on water

•CONTAINMENT: a procedure that prevent oil from spreading to a particular area, divert it to another area where it can be recovered or treated by another method.

COMPONENTS OF BOOM

Figure 2: basic boom construction.

Floats are located along the center line, outboard, on one side, or on outriggers. Booms either have solid floats or the boom itself is inflatable. Solid floats are usually made of a plastic foam such as expanded polyurethane or polyethylene and are segmented or flexible so that the boom can ride the surface of the waves. Inflatable booms are either self-inflating or are inflated using a powered air source.

The freeboard member is the portion of the boom above the water, whichprevents oil from washing over the top of the boom. The termfreeboardis alsoused to refer to the height from the water line to the top of the boom.

The skirt is the portion of the boom below the floats, which helps to contain the oil. It is usually made of the same types of fabric as the freeboard member and the covering of the floats. Typical materials include polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyester, nylon, or aramid, sometimes coated with a spray-on protector or another covering such as PVC, polyester, polyurethane, nitrile, and polyether urethane to resist degradation from oil.

Most booms are also fitted with one or more tension members that run along the bottom of the boom and reinforce it against the horizontal load imposed by waves and currents. Tension members are usually made of steel cables or chains but sometimes consist of nylon or polyester ropes.

TYPE OF BOOMThe three basic types of booms are fence, curtain booms, which are most common, and external tension member booms, which are relatively rare.Booms are also classified according to where they are used, that is, offshore, inshore, harbor, and river booms, based on their size and ruggedness of construction.

The fence boom is constructed with a freeboard member above the float. Although relatively inexpensive, these booms are not recommended for use in high winds or strong water currents.

Figure 3: fence boom.

Curtain booms are constructed with a skirt below the floats and no freeboard member above the float. Curtain booms are most suitable for use in strong water currents.

Figure 4: curtain boom.

External tension member booms, which are constructed with a tension member outside the main structure, are used in strong currents and in water containing ice or debris.

Figure 5: external tension boom.

IMPLEMENTATION OF BOOMBooms are used primarily to contain oil, although they are also used to deflect oil. When used for containment, booms are often arranged in a U-, V-, or J-configuration

Figure 6: general implementation of boom.

THE U - CONFIGURATIONThe U-configuration is the most common and is achieved by towing the boom behind two vessels, anchoring the boom, or combining these two techniques.

The U-shape is created by the current pushing against the center of the boom. The critical requirement is that the current in the apex of the U does not exceed 0.5 m/s or 1 knot, which is referred to as the critical velocity.

Figure 7: the U - configuration.

If this velocity is exceeded, first small amounts of oil and then as the relative velocity increases, massive amounts will be lost.

Figure 8: A U – configuration that is failing.

If used in areas where the currents are likely to exceed 0.5 m/s or 1 knot, such as in rivers and estuaries, booms are often used in the deflection mode. The boom is then deployed at various angles to the current.

Table 1: deflection angles and critical current velocities.

The U-configuration is also used to keep oil from spreading into bays or other sensitive areas, as well as to collect oil so that clean up measures can be applied.

Figure 9: diagram showing how a deflection boom is used.

THE V - CONFIGURATIONThe V-configuration usually consists of two booms with a counterforce such as a skimmer at the apex of the two booms.

IMPLEMENTATION OF BOOMBoom can be use in two ways:• static• mobile

ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT

HAND-HOLDS

END CONNECTOR

TOWING BRIDLES

LIFTING POINT

REEL

BP’S WAY OF CONTAINMENT IN

GULF• Controlled Burn• Boom and Skimmer

Thanks!

ANY QUESTION?

Static way (anchored way)• prevent oil from spreading

Static way (anchored way)• concentrate oil

Static way (anchored way)• divert to another area

Static way (anchored way)• protect sensitive areas

Mobile way• contain and concentrate oil

CONTROLLED BURN• using fire-resistant boom to corral

leaked oil into smaller,dense pocket.

BOOM AND SKIMMER• Booms are used to collect oil in

concentrated areas, while skimmers separate the crude from the water