BORIS PETROVITCH UVAROV

1889-1970

Elected F.R.S. 1950

Boris U v a ro v was born at Uralsk in south-eastern Russia on 5 November 1889.* His father was Petr Uvarov, a State Bank employee, and his mother Alexandra, who bore three sons of whom Boris was the youngest. Both parents were great lovers of the open-air. As they were living in a small provincial town at the border of Europe and Asia, almost all the week-ends in summer were spent in camping, shooting and fishing in a countryside which, at that time, was hardly touched by civilization. Primary education of the young Boris was received at home; he attended the secondary school at Uralsk from 1895-1902. An interest in natural history developed very early; formal teaching of the subject was pretty dull, but his enthusiasm received a tremendous stimulus when his father made him a present of the Russian translation of Brehm’s Tierleben in six volumes. Insect collecting soon became a hobby, and assumed a more serious character when he met S. M. Zkuravlev, a teacher in the Agricultural School near Uralsk, who had a profound influence on his growing interest in entomology.

Uvarov studied at the School of Mining at Ekaterinoslav (now Dneprope­trovsk) from 1904-1906. He then transferred to the University of St Peters­burg. Stimulated by the lectures of Professor V. M. Shimkevitch, and even more by an optional course on animal psychology by W. A. Wagner, he began to develop a much deeper interest in the general problems of biology. Formal lectures on entomology were given by Professor M. A. Rimsky-Korsakofif, but these he rarely attended. For he had discovered a far more effective school of entomology in the Russian Entomological Society, where informal meetings were held every Monday, and papers read once a month. Here young students mingled freely with the most eminent entomologists; Uvarov was not the only one whose future career was influenced by this experience. In addition, through the good offices of the Society, students were able to visit the entomological section of the Zoological Museum in the Academy of Sciences, where beginners were encouraged to work in taxonomy. Uvarov always recognized his debt to these two

* In the passport issued to Uvarov by the Government of the Republic of Georgia, when he was leaving that country for Great Britain in 1920, the date of birth was given as 5 November 1888. To have tried to correct this error would have caused delay in his departure and might even have prevented it. He was therefore obliged to use this date in all official papers; but he took steps to ensure that the true date of birth might be recorded by the Royal Society.

713

institutions in fostering his deep interest in entomology, particularly in taxonomy and biogeography. His diploma paper was a result of work in the Zoological Museum and concerned the Orthoptera of his native province, based on his own collections during summer holidays. He obtained a 1st Class degree in biology (with zoology as special subject) in 1910; and on 16 August of that year he married Anna Fedorova ( Prodanjuk) in St Petersburg.

Immediately after graduation, Uvarov obtained appointment as entomo­logist to the Murgab Crown Cotton Estate in Transcaspia; but a year later he joined the Department of Agriculture in St Petersburg and was sent to study locusts in the Northern Caucasus. At twenty-three he became the first director of the Entomological Bureau at Stavropol and within three years he had put locust control on a sound scientific basis. It was at this time that he made his classic observations which led him to the conclusion (so surprising that he withheld publication of it for some years) that swarming and non­swarming locusts, which had always appeared so different as to be regarded as distinct species, were in fact phases of the same insect.

By 1915 Uvarov had an established reputation. He was given the task of organizing the plant-protection stations in Transcaucasia and was appointed director of the Tiflis Bureau. During the ensuing years he contributed greatly to all sides of entomological knowledge in the region and in 1919 became keeper of Entomology and Zoology in the State Museum of Georgia and reader in the State University in Tiflis, which after the revolution had become the capital of the new Georgian republic. These were difficult times, made all the more so for Uvarov by the Georgian nationalism that was rampant. It was at this time that the presence of British troops in Georgia proved a blessing to him; for among the contingent was Patrick A. Buxton who had been serving in Persia and was Uvarov’s junior by about two years. Buxton provided a connecting link with London; and in 1920 Uvarov was given an appointment at the Imperial Bureau (later Commonwealth Institute) of Entomology, where he remained until 1945—first under G. A. K. Marshall (later Sir Guy Marshall), subsequently under S. A. Neave.

His official work at the Bureau was the identification of the insects sent in from all parts of the Commonwealth, but he also found time to add to his already large output of papers on the taxonomy of grasshoppers; he wrote his classic book Locusts and grasshoppers (1928) which was published in English and in Russian and was the bible of ‘acridologists’ (to use Uvarov’s word) for some thirty years; he prepared a very useful review on the literature on Insect nutrition and metabolism (1929) commissioned by the Empire Market­ing Board; and an even more outstanding review on Insects and climate (1931), the publication costs of which were again met by the Empire Marketing Board.

The late 1920s was a time of serious outbreaks of locust plagues in South West Asia and in Africa. In 1929 the Committee on Civil Research asked the Commonwealth Institute to take charge of investigations into the bionomics, biogeography and periodicity of swarming locusts; and Uvarov

714 Biographical Memoirs

Boris Petrovitch 715was given the task of organizing and supervising this work. Much of the work in fact he did himself; and the small unit which occupied very narrow quarters in the British Museum (Natural History) soon came to be recognized unofficially as the International Centre for Locust Research. The official body in London was the Committee on Locust Control of the Economic Advisory Council, which operated from 1926 to 1939. Under the impetus of Uvarov’s drive a series of scientific international anti-locust conferences were organized; they served to formulate programmes and co-ordinated international studies on the locust problem in Africa and Western Asia, and they led to the establishment of permanent regional organizations aiming at a continuous study of each locust species in its natural haunts with a view to the prevention of locust plagues. This twin policy of international coopera­tion, and prevention of outbreaks by continuing field studies, was the keynote of Uvarov’s teaching. The policy was firmly based in his theory of locust phases.

By 1938 the results were clear enough to form a basis for an international plan for the study and control of locusts, particularly in their ‘outbreak areas’ where successful control might have far-reaching benefits. The out­break of the war in 1939 prevented the full operation of this plan; but the methods advocated were used successfully against the Red Locust and the Migratory Locust in Africa. During the war Uvarov’s advisory and organiza­tional work grew still further, and in 1945 his unit became the Anti-Locust Research Centre under the Colonial Office. During the next fourteen years the Centre developed into the foremost laboratory in the world for research on locusts—and, at the same time, it was the coordinating centre for much extra-mural academic research on locusts and for furthering international cooperation in locust control.

Uvarov himself was increasingly under pressure from all parts of the world to advise on locust research and locust control. He therefore travelled widely. He retired as Director of the Centre in 1959 but he remained in office as a Consultant and devoted himself largely to the writing of a new book on Grasshoppers and locusts, which would cover the immense advances that had been made in every aspect of the subject since his early classic of 1928 was published. The first volume appeared in 1966 and he was working on the second volume, which was already far advanced, at the time of his death on 18 March 1970. (The second volume will be prepared for publication by those of his colleagues who are most closely acquainted with his ideas.)

Boris Uvarov received many honours during his lifetime. Among others: Companion of St Michael and St George (1943) and a Knighthood of the same Order (1961). Commandeur de l’Ordre Royal de Lion (1948). An honorary Doctorate of Science in the University of Madrid (1935). Honorary membership of the entomological societies of London, of Russia, France, The Netherlands, Egypt and India. He served as President of the Royal Entomological Society of London (1959-1961).

Uvarov and his wife Anna had one son, Eugen, born in St Petersburg in

7161910, who received a scientific education in London and has had a career as a science teacher and in scientific information. Uvarov’s wife predeceased him by some years.

Scientific work

The following sections, dealing with Uvarov’s scientific publications, have been taken from the ‘in memoriam’ account prepared by the Director of the Anti-Locust Research Centre (Dr P. T. Haskell) and his colleagues for the International Study Conference on ‘Current and future problems in acridology held to mark the silver jubilee of the Centre’, in July 1970.

Taxonomy‘Uvarov’s output was prodigious, his interests vast; his 465 published works

cover subjects as diverse as botany and geography, biogeography and ecology, phases in locusts and the organization of locust control. Thus it is not easy to decide in which branch of acridology, or even in the wider field of entomology, his contribution was greatest. However, the majority of his publications, over 230, deal with the taxonomy and systematics of Orthoptera, though even here there are few among them that do not contain some zoogeographical, ecological or biological notes. His contributions to taxonomy began with the publication of a major work on the Orthopteran fauna of the Uralsk region in 1910, and continued for over half a century. During this time he was to describe 284 genera and over 900 species and subspecies of Orthoptera. Of the 284 genera, 196 belonged to Acridoidea.

‘The greater part of his taxonomic work has withstood the test of time and most of his genera are still valid. For instance, of the 284 generic names, only 43 have been synonymized. The comparison of his material with type specimens in the days when this was by no means a universal procedure, was undoubtedly one major reason for the soundness of his interpretations. Another was his capacity for discrimination; he had a knack of pinpointing essentials and of discarding non-essentials. His descriptions were concise and to the point, his keys clear and usually unambiguous, the figures (which he regarded as an essential part of a description) adequate though not master­pieces of drawing. Although he did not avail himself of the use of some of the more modern techniques like the investigation of internal genitalic characters he encouraged others in their use. He was not one to describe new genera and species lightly. He recognized many a new species long before publishing a description of it, and sometimes if he were not altogether satisfied with the amount or the quality of the material available, he never published at all.

‘While Uvarov altered many of his early taxonomic opinions in the course of time, he certainly untangled many basic errors—to the lasting benefit of his successors. Particularly valuable in this respect was a series of papers published in 1921-1925, on the types and other material of various taxonomic groups in the collections at the British Museum (Natural History), London.

Biographical Memoirs

Boris Petrovitch 111This work greatly augmented the earlier catalogues by Kirby & Walker. In many of his generic revisions and reviews he did not carry his studies beyond the “preliminary revision” stage. This was quite deliberate and often of great value, his object being to provide a sound basis as soon as possible for practical work on groups of species of known or potential economic importance but taxonomically improperly understood. A good example of this is afforded by his early revisions of the Cyrtacanthacridinae of the Old World published in the early 1920s, which showed that many quite distinct genera had previously been lumped together under Acridium. Another example is his preliminary revision of the genus Locusta (1921), in which he put forward his theory of phase transformation that laid the foundation for understanding the whole locust problem. This revision was one of the greatest contributions ever made by a taxonomist in the solution of a major economic problem. It was also a major contribution to the science of taxonomy itself, dealing as it did with a taxonomic problem on the basis of population and individual variation, rather than on what is now called “ typology” .

‘Even apart from his investigation of phase, Uvarov was one of the earliest to use trinomial nomenclature in a modern sense. The revisions of the Cyrtacanthacridinae showed that his species concept was far from simplistic. It is probable that his phase theory led him to be more critical of intra­specific variation than many of his contemporaries.

‘His other notable generic revisions and reviews were: Dociostaurus (1921); Ceracris (1925); Oxya (1926); Tropidopola (1926 and 1937); Brachycrotaphus (1932); Thisoicetrus (1939); Ornithacris (1942); Mesopsis (1943); ,Metromerus and Sphodronotus (1943); Leptacris (1944); and Caloptenopsis (1951). A revision of the pamphagid tribe Trinchini laid the foundation for the understanding of that group and also discussed some general problems of the systematics of Acridoidea. His largest single publication on the systematics of Acridoidea, which concerned the grasshoppers of Angola and adjacent areas, appeared in 1953.

‘Uvarov’s impact on acridoid systematics will long continue to be felt not only through his publications, but also through the many workers whom he helped, encouraged and advised over many years and in many lands. Moreover, the establishment by him of full-time taxonomic research as part of the programme of the Anti-Locust Research Centre greatly increased the output of work in this field achieved during his lifetime, particularly as regards the fauna of Africa.’

Faunistic zoogeography and ecology‘The numerous taxonomic papers published by Uvarov rarely dealt

extensively with evolutionary relationships, but they were sometimes strong in their emphasis on evolutionary zoogeography and the origin of the faunal associations, and many of his publications are of the faunal list category.

718His concern with the New World fauna was small, but as a pioneer taxono­mist in the Old World fauna of Orthoptera, especially of the Palaearctic and Ethiopian regions, he had few equals.

‘He was a great scientist-cum-naturalist and this was manifest not only in his broad zoogeographical treatment of many taxonomic problems, but also in his lively interest in ecology. This is apparent from his earliest writings; thus in his 1910 paper on Orthoptera of the Uralsk region, he discussed the habitats where his collections were made and expressed the view that faunistic studies must be made, not among dead material but “in living nature, where the distribution of insects can be seen in their geo-botanical environment” .

‘Between 1912 and 1920 he was able to satisfy his preference for work in the field while investigating the bionomics and ecology of Dociostaurus maroccanus and Locusta migratoria in the northern Caucasus and during his extensive faunistic exploration of the Caucasus. His studies on the Orthop- teran fauna of the Caucasus, though almost completed, were never published, but the original manuscript is deposited at the Anti-Locust Research Centre, London.

‘After his arrival in Britain, his work kept him mainly to his desk or among the Museum’s collections, though he continued to collect Acridoidea for his faunistic and taxonomic studies whenever opportunity offered throughout his life, either during leave, or during his official visits to many parts of the world. In 1931 and 1932 he paid two brief visits to the Middle East for the study of the distribution and the ecological characteristics of Dociostaurus maroccanus areas in Turkey, Syria and Iraq, and for faunistic investigations.

‘Uvarov regarded faunistic biogeography as a study of a continuous dynamic process, connected with the evolution of the earth’s surface and of climatic zones and leading to the grouping of organisms into associations with similar ecological and evolutionary history. His faunistic studies of Acridoidea and other Orthoptera, based on personal exploration and museum studies, were always conducted on this basis. Periodically he summarized his views on the origins of the various faunas. In 1927 he published a discussion of the origin and composition of the Palaearctic Orthopteran fauna and in 1928 a similar discussion of the montane Orthop­tera of the same region. In 1938 he published a comprehensive analysis of the composition and origin of the Acridoidea of the great “Eremian Desert” , extending through the Sahara to western and central Asia, in which, besides discussing its component eco-faunas, he developed his concept of the characteristic “life forms” evolving in Acridoidea in response to life in different types of environment.

‘Many of his most valuable discussions are contained in taxonomic or faunistic works. While his suggestions, at the time when they were made, were often in the nature of inspired guesswork, it is true to say that many of them are taking on new significance as our knowledge widens. There is no

Biographical Memoirs

doubt that he was well ahead of his time in showing systematists the value of physiological and ecological studies in relation to museum taxonomy.

‘Another aspect of Uvarov’s preoccupation with ecology was his interest in the effects on insects of climatic factors. In his Insects and climate (1931),. already mentioned, he provided an exhaustive review of laboratory and field data on the effects of weather factors on the bionomics, distribution, abundance and dispersal of insects. This work aroused general interest in the subject and served as a stimulus to further bioclimatic and biometeoro- logical studies.

‘In 1957 he published an important paper on The aridity factor in the ecology of locusts and grasshoppers of the Old World, in which he reviewed in the light of his own ideas and experience, as well as his encyclopaedic knowledge of locust literature, the outstanding ecological characteristics of the environ­ments of the main species of locusts and economically important grass­hoppers. In this paper he developed the thesis that locusts and grasshoppers tend to become important pests mainly in the arid and semi-arid regions and particularly in the ecotones (zones of contact) between different climatic and vegetation belts, where variable climatic conditions and unstable vegetation mosaics at times produce conditions for marked population fluctuations. Many such ecotones are created or extended by deforestation, burning, overgrazing and other activities associated with land-usage, so that many of the locust and grasshopper problems are essentially man-made.

‘In his later years Uvarov became interested in the effects of man-made environmental changes on other insects, and in a paper on Problems of insect ecology in developing countries (1964) he discussed the hazards of extending land-utilization without prior faunistic surveys to detect and assess potential insect pests.’

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov 719

The theory of locust phases‘The theory of locust phases was first proposed in Uvarov’s taxonomic

revision of the genus Locusta published in 1921, but he had already begun to formulate some of his ideas on phases by 1915. In this paper he discussed the results of his morphometric analyses of long series of Locusta migratoria and Locusta danica (previously regarded as two distinct species) and described his field observations in Northern Caucasus in 1912-1913 on the appearance of danica hoppers among the thinned-out progeny of dense migratoria swarms. He concluded that danica and migratoria were the solitary and swarming forms of the same species, differing from each other in coloration, morpho­metries, physiology and behaviour but able to transform into one another, and connected by a continuous series of morphometric forms. This conclusion was strengthened in Uvarov’s mind by some preliminary laboratory observa­tions by I. V. Plotnikov (1915) on the changes in colour and morphometries in successive generations of Locusta, and by field observations by J. C. Faure in South Africa on the production by a scattered, non-swarming population of Locustana pardalina of swarming progeny, whose colour and morphological

differences from their parents were parallel to those in the two forms of Locusta. Uvarov designated these forms phase solitaria and phase gregaria and put forward the hypothesis that periodical outbreaks of locust plagues were associated with transformation of solitary-living populations into gregarious ones, which formed cohesive bands and swarms and emigrated from their areas of origin. The same paper further described the characteristic mutual stimulation and the concerted movements of gregarious locusts, considered by him (1923) as being probably due to the visual reactions of locusts to one another, the formation of bands and swarms by gradual merging of smaller groups, and finally the specific ecological conditions in the relatively restricted outbreak areas which gave rise to the swarms.

‘In a subsequent paper, arising from his revision of the group Cyrtacan- thacrini (1923), Uvarov suggested that phases occurred in a number of other Acridoidea, including the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria and the Red Locust Nomadacris septemfasciata. Within the next three to four years phase transformation in Locustana pardalina and in Locusta migratoria was experi­mentally demonstrated by Faure (1923) and Plotnikov (1927) respectively to be related to rearing density, while field evidence of it in Schistocerca gregaria was obtained by H. B. Johnson (1926). The phase theory was recapitulated and elaborated further in Uvarov’s Locusts and grasshoppers (1928), where he underlined the cumulative effects on the development of gregarious populations of physiological and behavioural changes brought about by the initial rise in locust density in a successful season; the nomen­clature of the phases was elaborated in 1929 in a joint paper with B. N. Zolotarevsky. In a later paper, presented to an International Locust Con­ference held in Cairo in 1936 after some field investigations by Zolotarevsky on Locusta migratoria capito in Madagascar and by R. C. Maxwell-Darling on Schistocerca gregaria in the Sudan, stress was laid on the importance for phase transformation of fluctuating rainfall and an unstable environment, which could lead to a build-up of a population by a rapid succession of generations, and to the concentration of numerous locusts by the contraction of suitable habitats. It was further suggested that when hoppers are forced to remain in close association with each other for some time “they may become attuned to their proximity and will strive to remain in a crowd” . In another 1936 publication Uvarov dealt with the systematic position of Locusta migratoria manilensis and the ecology of its outbreak areas in the Far East, drawing attention to ecological similarities in the outbreak areas of Locusta subspecies in different parts of the world.

‘Uvarov continued to develop his ideas on phases and on the ecological and biological factors involved in their transformation in a number of works published at intervals over the next three decades. He summarized these views at a Colloquium on various aspects of phases held in Paris in 1962, when he reiterated his belief that the initial degree of crowding required to produce phase transformation under natural conditions could not be achieved solely by a simple increase in numbers, but must also involve the reactions

720 Biographical Memoirs

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov 721of individuals both to one another and to their usually highly unstable environment, and that the significant phase differences were not those in external characters, but those in the behavioural and physiological changes which in turn operated to increase or maintain high density.

‘Uvarov’s theory of phase transformation and its relationship to locust outbreaks has provided a tremendous stimulus to investigations on all aspects of the locust problem for the last fifty years, and it continues to dominate the consideration of locust plague dynamics to this day. Many relevant fundamental studies were initiated and fostered by him; they concerned behaviour, biochemistry, endocrinology, the physiology of reproduction and sensory physiology of crowded and solitary individuals. In the practical field his ideas have provided a guiding light to most of the biogeographical and ecological investigations on the sources of periodic plagues of different species of locusts, and have led to the discovery of permanent outbreak areas of Locusta migratoria migratorioides and Nomadacris septemfasciata in Africa andtherefore to the control of these locusts in them.’

Applied biogeography and international cooperation‘Another aspect of biogeography in which Uvarov was an outstanding

pioneer, and which owes much to his breadth of vision, may be termed “applied biogeography” . In the case of locusts this concerns the biogeographical investigation of migrations, breeding areas and outbreak areas, and the application of the findings to the strategy of control.

‘In 1929, when Uvarov began his biogeographical studies, with the Desert, the African Migratory and the Red Locusts in the state of wide­spread plagues, little was known of the outbreak areas of the last two species, or of their relation to their respective invasion areas. Plagues of the Desert Locust were then known only from disconnected and mainly marginal groups of countries in what is now known to be a single immense invasion area.

‘Uvarov’s first task in this field was to organize the collection and systematic cartographical analysis of past and current biogeographical data on these species; the results of all these analyses were published in a series of reviews on The locust outbreak in Africa and Western Asia, covering the period from 1925 to 1937. At the same time he sponsored field investigations by British entomologists in East, Central and West Africa, aimed at the location and study of the source areas of locust outbreaks, with a view to their eventual control. Similar field studies were soon taken up by French, Egyptian, Indian, Belgian and South African entomologists. The planning and coordination of the investigations were dealt with by a series of Inter­national Locust Conferences held at frequent intervals between 1931 and 1938, in the convening and the deliberations of which Uvarov played a leading part.

‘The results of these field investigations and of the biogeographical

analyses of the material assembled at the Centre by Uvarov and others (notably O. B. Lean for Locusta) established that the plagues of the African Migratory and the Red Locusts, which affected large parts of the African continent, originated in restricted outbreak areas with specific environmental conditions, in, respectively, the Niger flood plains in Mali and certain areas of closed drainage in Tanzania and Zambia. The discovery of the outbreak areas led to the formulation of plans for their supervision which were presented to the Cairo (1936) and Brussels (1938) Locust Conferences. The full implementation of these plans was delayed by the Second World War, but eventually they led to the formation of two international preventive organizations whose activities have since then prevented the recurrence of the African Migratory and Red Locust plagues.

‘With regard to the Desert Locust, Uvarov was the first to assess the full extent of its invasion area, to establish the hitherto unsuspected inter­dependence between widely separated breeding areas connected by seasonal migrations, and to demonstrate the essential need for international co­operation in the control of the species. Already in his first review (published in 1933) he drew attention to the association between seasonal breeding and migrations and seasonal rainfall and winds, and stressed the need to investi­gate such problems by joint efforts of entomologists and meteorologists. When a Desert Locust plague broke out in the early years of the Second World War, Uvarov was able to provide a sound biogeographical basis for the large-scale control campaigns in the strategically important areas by the para-military Middle East Anti-Locust Unit (M.E.A.L.U.) and the East African Anti-Locust Directorate (E.A.A.L.D.). In 1943 he initiated the issue by the Centre of monthly summaries of locust situations, with forecasts of future developments—a practice followed by the Centre ever since (from 1958 as the Desert Locust Information Service, with financial support from F.A.O., the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations).

‘After the war he was active in the creation of the East African regional organization, Desert Locust Survey (D.L.S.), and in involving the F.A.O. in work on the Desert Locust. The participation of F.A.O., whose Consultant he remained till 1959, led to the formation of other regional organizations for the control of the Desert Locust, based on the natural biogeographical division of the whole vast area affected which he had always advocated. A long-term strategy for the control of the Desert Locust, which presented special problems because this species was known by this time to have no static, clearly definable outbreak areas, was formulated (largely on the basis of the information presented by the Anti-Locust Research Centre) by an international panel of experts convened by F.A.O. in 1956 under Uvarov’s chairmanship. Later he assisted in the initiation of the Desert Locust Project (under the United Nations Development Pro­gramme, U.N.D.P. and F.A.O.), which covered many aspects of survey, research and control, and in which more than forty countries participated.’

722 Biographical Memoirs

Boris Petrovitch 723Other notable lines of research

‘It is not possible to give an adequate account in a few paragraphs of the many lines of research which were stimulated and supported by Uvarov as Director of A.L.R.C. Reference can be made to only a few of the more significant investigations, including some major field research projects.

‘O f the many physiological investigations supported extramurally by A.L.R.C. funds or studied in the A.L.R.C. laboratories, reference must be made to the outstanding work on the metabolism and aerodynamics of locust flight, and on the effects of photoperiod on the reproductive cycle.

‘In the field of locust behaviour, alternating laboratory and field studies on the behaviour of hoppers (the latter in joint A.L.R.C./D.L.S. projects) led to important advances in knowledge of the habituation processes involved in locust gregarization. In later years Uvarov encouraged field experimenta­tion and neurophysiological investigation of the senses involved in the cohesion of locust swarms. He maintained a continued interest in field studies on the behaviour and displacement of swarms and on the weather factors concerned, which he initiated during the war years (in association with M.E.A.L.U.) and continued to sponsor in subsequent years (in joint A.L.R.C./E.A.A.L.D. and A.L.R.C./D.L.S. projects) in connection with the problems suggested by the active biogeographical research pursued at A.L.R.C., or arising from the use of aircraft in locust control.

‘The results of these investigations and of the associated application of synoptic meteorology to the study of locust movements had far-reaching results for the interpretation and forecasting of swarm migrations. A major contribution to biometeorological investigations on locusts was made by a joint W .M.O./A.L.R.C./D.L.S. project actively sponsored by Uvarov for the study of historical data on swarm movements in relation to concurrent synoptic situations for a typical Desert Locust year.

‘Other important field studies which he supported or was active in initiating, included a long-term research project on the population dynamics and ecology of Dociostaurus maroccanus in Cyprus, planned with a view to recommending ecological control, and an F.A.O./U.N.E.S.C.O. project (later incorporated in a U.N.D.P./F.A.O. project) on a comprehensive study of the ecology of Desert Locust breeding areas throughout most of its region.

‘It is appropriate to mention here Uvarov’s dominant contribution to the role of A.L.R.C. as a great international centre for the dissemination of information on locusts and grasshoppers. The establishment and develop­ment of this activity were made possible by the founding of the A.L.R.C. library from his own collection of orthopteran literature, by his own encyclopaedic knowledge of the subject and by his understanding and appreciation of all types of bibliographical work.’

Contribution to locust control‘Uvarov contributed greatly to a general understanding of the economic

importance of locusts and grasshoppers by his review (1938) of the losses

caused by them throughout the world, in which he drew attention to the discrepancy between the cost of the losses and the clearly inadequate expenditure on control measures. His main contributions to control, however, lay in his untiring efforts to rationalize control operations by effective international cooperation on a sound biogeographical basis, and in his sponsoring of the behavioural and physiological investigations on the problems associated with the application of chemical methods. He accepted and implemented the development of such methods by creating a special Insecticides Research Section at A.L.R.C., to test the effects of insecticides on locusts and grasshoppers and to investigate the practical tactics of control. Locust control by means of aircraft, advocated by him as far back as 1933, had his support from the time of experimental work in the war years throughout the next fifteen years when active research on this method was carried out in East Africa.

‘Yet he did not consider that locust and grasshopper problems could ever be solved by chemical methods alone, and firmly believed that a radical solution of them must be sought in the ecological field. His views on this subject can best be presented by quoting his own summary of the lecture on Current and future problems of acridology which he gave at the Entomological Congress in Moscow in 1968, an extended version of which was published in Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 48, 233-240.

“Modern techniques of direct control of both the solitary grasshoppers and the swarming locusts make a defence of standing crops possible, but they are mere palliatives and have failed to solve the respective problems. At the same time, certain species have lost their economic importance for natural reasons rather than as a result of control, while others have acquired an economic status because of changes in land use. This suggests the need for studies of population dynamics of each economic species within the whole area of its distribution, with a view to clarifying the factors affecting its population levels; this would make possible a gradual replacement of direct control by methods of ecological regulation of populations.” ’

C onclusion

Boris Uvarov was a person of small stature but immense toughness and vitality. His own personal interests probably lay in the natural history of insects in the wild; and this led naturally to studies of their classification and taxonomy. But his administrative career brought him into the control of locust pests and in this field he deployed all his gifts of leadership and drive. His objectives were clear: the control of locusts required international cooperation on the one hand and scientific study on the broadest possible base on the other; and he devoted himself to the attainment of these objectives.

He succeeded by sheer strength of character combined with scientific integrity. He had a dry sense of humour; an ability to inspire young men coming into locust research; and a capacity to appreciate the importance

724 Biographical Memoirs

and to foster the development of relevant fields of science of which he himself had little intimate knowledge or experience.

Uvarov also had the gift of never being satisfied; he often seemed to bite the hand that fed him. For many years I served as a member of the Advisory Committee on Anti-Locust Research, to which the Colonial Office looked for guidance on the work at the Centre and on its extra-mural activities. I recall coming away from one meeting of the Committee in company with the Chairman, Sir Geoffrey Evans. We had had an even more gruelling session than usual, with the Director as demanding as always. Sir Geoffrey sighed deeply and said: ‘Uvarov will never learn to understand our English ways!’ But his purpose was honest, his objectives were desirable, his methods and ideas were sound—he had every right to succeed in building up the organi­zation as he did. He was rightly honoured and respected to the last.

I am indebted to Dr P. T. Haskell for permission to reprint from the iIn MemoriaiVL brochure on Sir Boris Uvarov, written by colleagues at the Anti-Locust Research Centre, those sections which deal with his scientific publications. I am grateful to Dr Haskell also for providing the Bibliography.

The photograph is by Pamela Chandler.V . B. WlGGLESWORTH.

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov 725

BIBLIOGRAPHY1909. (With D. N. Borodin.) An essay on the flora of the Middle Emba. (In Russian.)

Russk. bot. PP- 94-107, 117-123.1909. Lake Chalkar (an essay). (In Russian.) Estestvoz. Geogr. no. 4, pp. 23-31.1909. Cotton and its enemies. (In Russian.) ‘ no. 273 (3735). 12 Dec.1910. Inder (botanico-geographical notes). (In Russian.) Russk. bot. £h. pp. 47-69.1910. On the lepidopteran fauna of the Trans-Ural Kirghiz steppe. (In Russian.) Russk.

ent. Obozr. 10. 161-169.1910. Contribution to the orthopteran fauna of the Ural province. (In Russian.) Trudy

russk. ent. Obshch. 39, 359-390.1910. Contribution to the problem of cotton pests in the Trans-Caspian region. (In

Russian.) Russk. ent. Obozr. 11, 28-37.1911. Migratory locust in the Stavropol Province in 1911. (In Russian.) Lyub. 3,

13-22.1911. Contribution to the orthopteran fauna of the Kirghiz steppe. (In Russian.) Russk.

ent. Obozr. 11, 425-429.1911. A dead lake (from sketches on the Kirghiz steppe). (In Russian.) Geogr.

no. 5, pp. 58-65.1912. Notes on the orthopteran fauna of Caucasus. I. On the fauna of the Black Sea coast.

II. A new species of the genus Psorodonotus. (In Russian.) Russk. ent. Obozr. 12, 60-64.

1912. O n the orthopteran fauna of Turkestan. (In Russian.) ent. Obozr. 12,207-215.1912. Ueber die Orthopterenfauna Transcaspiens. Trudy russk. ent. Obshch. 40, 1-54.1913. On the orthopteran fauna of the environs of Astrakhan. (In Russian.) Russk. ent.

Obozr. 13, 99-100.

1913. Report on the activities of the Stavropol Entomological Bureau in 1912. (In Russian.)St Petersburg: Stavropol Department of Agriculture. 31 pp.

1913. Control of locusts in Stavropol province in 1907-1912. (In Russian.) St Petersburg: Stavropol Department of Agriculture. 87 pp.

1913. Utilization of natural factors in the control of insect pests. (In Russian.) £eml. Gaz. no. 3, pp. 80-82.

1913. Poisoned bait in the fight against locusts. (In Russian.) Tuzhno-russk. sel'.-khoz.Gaz. no. 45, 11 pp.

1914. Report on the activities of the Stavropol Entomological Bureau in 1913. (In Russian.)St Petersburg: Stavropol Department of Agriculture. 87 pp.

1914. On the orthopteran fauna of Persia. (In Russian and German.) Izv. kavkaz. Muz. 8 138-146.

1914. On the orthopteran fauna of Transbaikalia. (In Russian.) Ann. Mus. £ool. St Petersburg, 19, 167-172.

1914. Contributions to the orthopteran fauna of Central Asia. (In Russian.) Russk. ent. Obozr. 14, 217-234.

1914. On the question of the destruction of locusts by cultures of d’Herelle’s bacillus.(In Russian.) Kavk. seV.Khoz. no. 1, p. 8.

1914. The problems and plans of local entomological organizations. (In Russian.) Pjeml. Gaz. no. 3, pp. 74-76; no. 4, pp. 114-115.

1914. Immediate prospects in the technique of locust control. (In Russian.) Gaz.no. 43, pp. 1376-1380.

1915. The current position of the locust problem in the northern Caucasus and the meansof its solution in relation to the general organization of locust control. (In Russian.) Trudy T e° vseross. S ’ezd. Deyat. priklad. Ent. Kiev 1913, pp. 140-149.

1915. The organization and activities of the Stavropol Entomological Bureau. (In Russian.) Trudyl°e°vseross. S’ezd. Deyat. priklad. Ent. Kiev 1913, p. 178.

1915. A note on the orthopteran fauna of Stavropol province. (In Russian.) Izv. kavkaz. Muz. 9, 77-110.

1915. K. Platz’s portable sprayer. (In Russian.) Gaz. no. 1, pp. 19-22; no. 2,pp. 49-51.

1915. The organization of pest control in the Trans-Caucasus. (In Russian.) Kavk. seV.Khoz. no. 10, pp. 11-12.

1915. A brief survey of the activities of Stavropol Entomological Bureau and plans for future work. (In Russian.) f)i. Stavropol, agronom. Soveshch. no. 4, pp. 97-104.

1915. On the organization of demonstration of control methods of orchard and vegetable garden pests. (In Russian.) fji. Stavropol, agronom. Soveshch. no. 18, pp. 166-167.

1915. The current situation of the locust problem in the Stavropol province. (In Russian.)Zh.Stavropol, agronom. Soveshch. no. 19, pp. 168-174.

1915. Agricultural entomology in the U.S.A. (In Russian.) SeV.Khoz. Lesov. 247, 119-129.1915. Outline of the control of Acrididae. I. General data on Acrididae and the economic

importance of the various species in the agriculture of Russia. II. Technique of acridid control—mechanical methods. III. Chemical methods. (In Russian.) SeV.Khoz. Lesov. 247, 266-275; 275-281; 377-414.

1916. Outline of the control of Acrididae. IV. Organization of control. V. Reasons forthe duration of the ‘locust problem’ in Russia. (In Russian.) SeV.Khoz. Lesov. 251, 31-45; 45-47.

1916. New Caucasian Orthoptera collected by K. A. Satunin. (In Russian.) kavkaz. Muz. 10, 45-53.

1916. Report on the activities of the Stavropol Entomological Bureau in 1914. (In Russian.)Petrograd: Stavropol Department of Agriculture. 112 pp.

1916. Contributions to the knowledge of Orthoptera of the Caucasus and neighbouring countries. I. Orthoptera collected by P. V. Nesterov during a tour of the Perso- Turkish border. (In Russian.) Izv. kavkaz. Muz. 10, 181-194.

726 Biographical Memoirs

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov1916.1916.

1916.

1916.1916.

1916.1916.1916.

1916.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1917.

1918.

1918.

1919.

1919.

1919.

1920.

Russian forms of the genus Acrida L. (In Russian.) Riissk. ent. Obozr. 16, 8-13. Further notes on the technique of locust control. (In Russian.) Gaz. no. 8,

pp. 204-205; no. 9, pp. 227-228.Is spraying with sodium arsenite injurious? (In Russian.) £eml. Gaz. no. 18,

pp. 496-497.In Memoriam of K. A. Satunin. (In Russian.) SeV.Khoz. Lesov. 251, 5-9.List of K. A. Satunin’s published papers. List of new forms of mammals established

by K. A. Satunin. (In Russian.) Izv. kavkaz. Muz. 10, 16-32.Emba (notes on a journey). (In Russian.) Estestvoz. Geogr. nos. 5-7, pp. 70-82.On the vertebrate fauna of lower Kuma. (In Russian.) Izv. kavkaz. Muz. 10, 102-105. Conference of applied entomologists in Kiev. (In Russian.) Gaz. no. 49,

pp. 1252-1254.Shortage of sulphur and leaf-reddening caused by spider mites on cotton plants.

Kavk. seV.Khoz. no. 23-24, 4 pp.On the synonvmy of Gampsocleis glabra Hrbst. (In Russian.) Izv. kavkaz. Muz. 11,

87-88.'Contributions to the knowledge of Orthoptera of the Caucasus and neighbouring

countries. II. Identification of new species and races in the collections of the Caucasian Museum. (In Russian.) Izv. kavkaz. 11, 281-298.

The technique of locust control outside Russia. (In Russian.) £eml. Gaz. no. 8, pp. 176-177; nos. 11-12, pp. 226-228.

Hyponomeuta matinellus Zell, and H. podellus L. (Lep.). (In Russian.) Obshchedost.Soobshch. Vredit. Bolez. kuVt.Rast. no. 4, 7 pp. (Also in Georgian.)

On the control of the hessian fly in North America. (In Russian.) Tugo-vost. Khoz. 13 (9), 2 pp.

The way to a radical solution to the locust problem in the northern Caucasus. (In Russian.) Tugo-vost. Khoz. 13 (10), 10-13.

Regional conference in Tashkent on the control of locusts. (In Russian.) Zjeml. Gaz. nos. 11-12, pp. 234-235.

A codling moth trap. (In Russian.) Sadovod, no. 4. (Translation from the English of paper by E. Siegler.)

On the control of locusts in the northern Caucasia. (In Russian.) £eml. Gaz. nos. 19-20, p. 388.

The attitude of entomologists to a ‘new’ method of locust control. (In Russian.) Turkest. seV.Khoz. no. 6, pp. 343-348.

How to control Eriosoma lanigerum Haus. (In Russian.) Obshchedost. Soobshch. Vredit. Bolez. kuVt. Rast. no. 6, 7 pp.

A survey of the activity of local organizations for the control of pests in 1914.(In Russian.) SeV.Khoz. Lesov. 253, 131-151.

Orthoptera genuina collected by the Urmian Expedition in 1916. (In Russian.) Izv.kavkaz. Muz. 12, 46-60.

Survey of pests of agricultural plants in the Tifl and Erivan provinces in 1916-1917. (In Russian.) Tiflis: Bureau for Control of Agricultural Pests. 58 pp. (Engl. summ. Ic. 1920).

Contributions to the knowledge of Orthoptera of the Caucasus and neighbouring countries. III. Synonymy of some Caucasian Orthoptera. (In Russian.) Izv. kavkaz. Muz. 12, 155-160.

On the current problems of the Central local council. Control of agricultural pests.(In Russian.) Kavkaz. Gorod, no. 4, pp. 18-27.

The main problems in agronomical activities of the local council. I-IV. (In Russian.) Kavkaz. Gorod, nos. 11-12, pp. 8-12; nos. 13-15, pp. 37-42; nos. 16-17, pp. 42-48; nos. 18-19, pp. 43-50.

The main problems in agronomical activities of the local council. V-VII.) In Russian.) Kavkaz. Gorod, no. 1, pp. 38-47; no. 3, pp. 31-36; no. 4, pp. 18-24.

727

47

1920. Locusts and their control. Bull. Imp. Inst. Bond. 18, 256-270.1920. The economic importance of pests in the agriculture of Georgia. (In Georgian.)

Kavshiri, Tiflis, no. 15-16.1920. (With P. I. N agorny.) Keys for determination of the most important pests and diseases

of cultivated plants. I. The orchard. Tifiis: Ministry of Agriculture. 103 pp.1921. Some new Orthoptera from the Caucasus. Entomologist's mon. Mag. (3), 7, 44-50.1921. On the native country of the common house cricket ( domesticus L.), with a

description of a new variety. Entomologist's mon. Mag. (3), 7, 138-140.1921. Some news of Russian entomologists. Entomologist's mon. Mag. (3), 7, 155-156.1921. A preliminary revision of the genus Dociostaurus Fieb. Bull. ent. Res. 11, 397-407.1921. On records and descriptions of Indian Acrididae (Orthoptera). Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (9), 7, 480-509.1921. Eremiaphila fraseri, sp.n., a new mantid from Mesopotamia. Entomologist's mon. Mag.

(3), 7, 175-176.1921. A new genus and species of Orthoptera found in a greenhouse in England.

Entomologist's mon. Mag. (3), 7, 206-209.1921. The geographical distribution of orthopterous insects in the Caucasus and in

Western Asia. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. pp. 447-472.1921. A revision of the genus Locusta L. ( =Pachyt, Fieb.), with a new theory as to the

periodicity and migrations of locusts. Bull. ent. Res. 12, 135-163.1921. Records and descriptions of South African grasshoppers of the groups Arcypterae

and Scyllinae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 8, 369-392.1921. Notes on the Orthoptera in the British Museum. I. The group Euprepocnemini.

Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. pp. 106-144.1921. A contribution to our knowledge of the Orthoptera Acridoidea of Mesopotamia

and N.W. Persia. J.Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 27, 61-70.1921. Conophyma mitchelli, sp.n., a new alpine grasshopper from Kashmir. Entomologist's

mon. Mag. (3), 7, 268-270.1921. Three new alpine Orthoptera from Central Asia. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 28, 71-75. 1921. Descriptions of four new Orthoptera from Macedonia. Entomologist's Rec. J . Var. 33,

155-159.1921. On the species of the genus Basileus Sauss. and Piet. (Orth., Copiphorinae). Ent.

News,32, 308-310.1922. On some new and little-known South African grasshoppers. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9),

9,99-113.1922. On some new or little-known South African grasshoppers of the subfamily Acridinae

(Orthoptera). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 9, 539-551.1922. Three new Orthoptera from Palestine and N.W. Persia. Entomologist's mon. Mag.

(3), 8, 83-89.1922. An interesting new grasshopper from Mount Everest. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 9,

551-553.1922. Orchamus bellamii, sp.n., a new pamphagid grasshopper from the Canary Islands.

Entomologist's mon. Mag. (3), 8, 139-141.1922. Notes on the Orthoptera in the British Museum. 2. The group of Calliptamini.

Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. pp. 117-177.1922. A new case of transformative deceptive resemblance in long-horned grasshoppers.

Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. pp. 269-274.1922. Rice grasshoppers of the genus Hieroglyphus and their nearest allies. Bull. ent. Res.

13, 225-241.1922. Saussureana arabica sp.n., die erste Pamphagide aus Arabien. Konowia, 1, 188-189.1922. A grasshopper new to Britain. Entomologist's mon. Mag. (3), 8, 211.1922. The latest information in foreign literature on locust control. (In Russian.) Izv.

Old. prikl.Ent. 2, 1-12.1922. Phasmid larvae from Mount Everest. Entomologist's mon. Mag. (3), 8, 277.

728 Biographical Memoirs

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov 7291922. On the study of Russian acridids. (In Russian.) prikl. 2, 49-86.1922. Records and descriptions of Orthoptera from S.W. Asia. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc.

28, 351-370.1923. A long neglected group of insects. J . Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 28, 1149-1150.1923. Some new Orthoptera from Palestine. mon. Mag. (3), 9, 32-35.1923. Sur les races g6ographiques du Prionotropis hystrix Germ. Annls Soc. ent. Fr.

91,245-248.1923. Records and descriptions of Orthoptera from North-West Africa. JSfovit. zool. 30,

59-78.1923. Quelques problemes de la biologie des sauterelles. Annls Epiphyt. 9, 84-108.1923. A list of Orthoptera of Macedonia with zoogeographical remarks. Trans. R. ent.

Soc. Lond. pp. 142-166.1923. Notes on locusts of economic importance with some new data on the periodicity of

locust invasions. Bull. ent. Res. 14, 31-39.1923. Some new or little-known grasshoppers from Palestine. Entomologist’s mon. Mag. (3),

9, 81-86.1923. Uber die Acrididen-Gattungen Helioscirtus Sauss. und Vosseleria g.n. nebst

Beschreibung zweier neuen Vosseleria-Arten von Somali. Konowia, 2, 29-32.1923. Agricultural entomology, insect pests of agriculture in Georgia and their control. (In Russian.)

Tiflis: State University. 234 pp.1923. Some new or interesting Orthoptera from Persia, Baluchistan and Western India.

J . Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 29, 643-652.1923. House crickets in India. Entomologist’s mon. Mag. (3), 9, 112.1923. The collection and study of Indian Orthoptera. Proc. 5th ent. Meet. Pusa, 1923,

pp. 318-324.1923. A revision of the Old World Cyrtacanthacrinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae). I, II

& III. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 11, 130-144, 345-367, 473-490.1923. Some new short-horned grasshoppers from East Africa. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9),

11, 675-689.1923. Some new long-horned grasshoppers from Ceylon (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae).

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 12, 528-532.1924. A revision of the Old World Cyrtacanthacrinae (Orthoptera, Acrididae). IV & V.

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 13, 1-19; 14, 96-113.1924. Some new and interesting Orthoptera in the collections of the Ministry of Agricul­

ture, Cairo. Min. Agric. Egypt Tech. Bull. no. 41, 41 pp.1924. Notes on the Orthoptera in the British Museum. 3. Some less known or new genera

and species of the subfamilies Tettigoniinae and Decticinae. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. pp. 492-537.

1924. Revised lists of species of the genera Arcyptera, Mecostethus, Parapleurus and Ramburiella. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9) 13, 242-248.

1924. Control of locusts by dusting. (In Russian.) Izv. sib. Sta. £ashch. Rast. Vredit. no. 2, pp. 14-15.

1924. Pests of cotton in Egypt, India and Mesopotamia. (In Russian.) Khlopk. Delo, nos. 9-10, pp. 63-77.

1924. Fundamental problems of the ecology of harmful acridids. (In Russian.) sib. ent. Byuro, no. 3, pp. 7-18.

1924. (With P. A. Buxton.) A contribution to our knowledge of Orthoptera of Palestine. Bull. Soc. R. ent. Egypte (1923), pp. 167-214.

1924. A new long-horned grasshopper damaging coconut palms in New Britain. Bull, ent. Res. 15, 35-36.

1924. A new genus of Pamphaginae from the Angola coast. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 14, 617-619.

1924. The Imperial Bureau of Entomology in London, its structure and activities. (In Russian.) Sel’.Khoz. Lesov, no. 13, 12 pp.

1924. The British Exhibition. (In Russian.) Chelovek Prir. pp. 371-372.1924. At the British Exhibition. (In Russian.) Chelovek Prir. pp. 627, 739, 833, 933, 1027.1925. Insectes Orthopt£res, Acrididae. Resultats scientifiques. In: Mission Guy Babault

dans les provinces centrales de VInde et dans la region occidentale de VHimalaya, 1914. Paris, 40 pp.

1925. Notes on the Orthoptera in the British Museum. 4. Identification of types of Acrididae preserved in the Museum. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. pp. 265-301.

1925. A revision of the genus Ceracris Walk. (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Ent. Mitt. 14, 11-17.1925. Acrididae of the European part of U.S.S.R. and of Western Siberia. (In Russian.)

Novaya Derev. 119 pp.1925. On some new short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae) from South Africa. Ann. Natal

Mus. 5, 159-187.1925. The genus Hilethera Uv. and its species (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Eos, Madr. 1,

33-42.1925. Notes on the Acrididae (Orthoptera) of central Asia, with descriptions of the new

species and races. J . Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 30, 260-272.1925. Ueber die von Pallas beschreibenen palaarktischen Orthopteren. Ent. Mitt. 14,

153-156.1925. Control of cotton pests with the help of aircraft. (In Russian.) Khlopk. Delo, pp. 67-72.1925. A survey of our knowledge of the locust. (In Russian.) Khlopk. Delo, pp. 247-260.1925. Current work on the study of locusts in different countries. (In Russian.) Khlopk.

Delo, pp. 850-860.1925. The history of the house cricket. (In Russian.) Chelovek Prir. 12 (1924), 985.1925. Two new Orthoptera from British Guiana. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 15, 680-683. 1925. Conditions of animal life in deserts. (In Russian.) Priroda, Mosk. 14, 47-56.1925. Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Mount Everest. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(9), 16, 165-173.1925. Some new alpine grasshoppers of the genus Conophyma Zub. from central Asia.

J . Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 30, 551-560.1925. A new grasshopper injurious to rice in Siam. Bull. ent. Res. 16, 159-161.1925. Two new grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Rhodesia. Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (9), 16, 630-633.1925. Orthoptera (except Blattidae) collected by Prof. Gregory’s expedition to Yunnan.

J . Asiat. Soc. Beng. (N.S.), 20 (1924), 313-335.1925. The Imperial Bureau of Entomology and the Imperial Entomological Conference

in London on 6 June 1925. (In Russian.) gosud. Inst. opyt. Agron. 3, 262-263.1926. Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Northern Nigeria. Trans. R. ent. Soc.

Lond. (1925), pp. 413-453.1926. Some Orthoptera from the Russian Far East. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 17, 273-291.1926. Studies on the formation and shedding of squares and bolls by cotton plants.

(In Russian.) Khlopk. Delo, pp. 46-52.1926. On the question of control of leaf-reddening caused by spider mites in cotton plants.

(In Russian.) Khlopk. Delo, pp. 495-501.1926. New facts on the locust problem. (In Russian.) Khlopk. Delo, pp. 837-845.1926. A new genus of Tetriginae from Tahiti (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (9), 17, 654-656.1926. Notes on the genus Oxya Serv. (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Bull. ent. Res. 17, 45-48.1926. Orthoptera palaearctica critica. II. Genus Tropidopola St. (Acrididae). Eos, Madr.

2, 149-177.1926. New or less known Acrididae from central Asia. Eos, Madr. 2, 321-359.1926. A preliminary key to the central Asiatic species of the genus Tmethis Fieb. (Orthop­

tera, Acrididae). Konowia, 5, 179-186.1926. Some Orthoptera from central Asia. Russk. ent. Obozr. 20, 161-164.1927. Acrididae of central Asia. (In Russian.) Trudy uzbekist. opyt. Sta. z ashch. Rast. 215 pp.

730 Biographical Memoirs

1927. Paradrymadusa philbyi sp.n. and some other Orthoptera from Transjordania and Arabia. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 19, 272-275.

1927. Zur Erforschung des Persischen Golfes. Beitr. 5. Orthoptera. Ent. Mitt. 16, 186.1927. Some Orthoptera of the families Mantidae, Tettigoniidae and Acrididae from

Ceylon. Spolia zeylan. 14, 85-114.1927. Three new Acrididae from the Marquesas and Rapa Islands. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(9) , 19, 557-563.1927. A new mantid from Burma. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 19, 658-659.1927. Metrioptera bodenheimeri sp.n. from Palestine. Konowia, 6, 120-121.1927. Orthoptera palaearctica critica. IV. Genus Bucephaloptera Ebn. (Tettigoniidae).

Eos, Madr. 3, 243-246.1927. Some new Caucasian Orthoptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 20, 192-199.1927. Locusts and grasshoppers. (In Russian.) Moscow: Chief Cotton Committee. 306 pp.1927. Metrioptera alexandra sp.n. from Central Asia. Russk. ent. Obozr. 21, 6-7.1927. Distributional records of Indian Acrididae. Rec. Indian Mus. 29, 233-239.1927. Podisma kingdom sp.n. (Orthoptera, Acrididae). A contribution to the zoogeography

of the Himalayas. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (9), 20, 481-484.1928. Orthopteres des montagnes palaearctiques. C.r. somm. Seanc. Soc. BiogSogr. 4 , 91-93.1928. Orthoptera of the mountains of palaearctic region. Mem. Soc. Biogeogr. 2, 135-141.1928. A new Tmethisfrom S.W. Anatolia (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ent. Mitt. 17, 176-177.1928. The Orthoptera (excluding Blattidae) of Rodriguez Island. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(10) , 2, 362-364.1928. Notes on Orthoptera from Morocco. Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc, 7, 199-215.1928. Blattodea (pp. 68-70), Mantodea (pp. 70-72), Orthoptera (pp. 74-114), Phasmodea

(p. 114), Dermaptera (pp. 120-122). (In Russian.) In: Filipev, I. N. (Ed.) for determination of insects. Moscow: Gos. Inst, opy t. Agron. 943 pp.

1928. Locusts and their control. Nat. Hist. Mag. 1, 298-306.1928. Notes on Aiolopus tergestinus (Charp.) and its allies (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann.

Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 2, 374-378.1928. Locusts and grasshoppers: a handbook for their study and control. London: Imperial

Bureau of Entomology. 352 pp.1928. Orthoptera palaearctica critica. VI. Genus Bergiola Stschelk. Eos, Madr. 4, 243-251.1928. Notes on the types of Orthoptera described by Dr L. Peringuey. Ann. S. Afr. M ils.

25, 341-357.1928. Notes on some Caucasian Pamphaginae (Orthoptera, Acrididae). (In Russian.

Russk. ent. Obozr. 22, 148-155.1928. Pests of cotton in French Equatorial Africa. (In Russian.) Khlopk. Delo, pp. 46-50.1928. The current state of the locust problem in various countries. (In Russian.) Khlopk.

Delo, pp. 559-572.1928. The food, feeding and metabolism of insects. (In Russian.) Priroda, Mosk. no. 10,

pp. 897-914.1929. Insect nutrition and metabolism; a summary of the literature. Trans. R. ent. Soc.

Lond. 76, 255-343. (Also translated into Japanese.)1929. Two new South African grasshoppers of the subfamily Oedipodinae (Orthoptera,

Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 3, 72-74.1929. Synonymy of Mantis ( Thespis) armata Haam. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 3, 74-75.1929. Contributions to a knowledge of the fauna of South-West Africa. VIII. Records

and descriptions of Acrididae from South-West Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 29, 41-75.1929. Weather and climate in relation to insects. Pap. Conf. Empire Met. Sect.',

pp. 130-147.1929. The Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.). (In Russian.) Moscow: Chief

Cotton Committee. 48 pp.1929. North Caucasian species of the genus Paradrymadusa Herm. (Orthoptera, Tetti­

goniidae) and their zoogeographical importance. Ezheg. zool. Muz. 30, 331-337.

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov 731

1929. (With B. N. Zolotarevsky.) Phases of locusts and their interrelations. Bull. ent. Res. 20, 261-265.

1929. Three new grasshoppers of the genus Caprorhinus Saussure from Madagascar (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 4 , 284-287.

1929. Orthoptera collected in Sinai by Dr F. S. Bodenheimer and Dr O. Theodor. Ergebn. Sinai-Exped. (1927), pp. 90-103.

1929. (With L. D. Moritz.) Some new Acrididae (Orthoptera) from Persia. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 4 , 534-538.

1929. Marellia remipesgen. et sp.n. (Orthoptera, Acrididae), a new semiaquatic grass­hopper from S. America. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 4, 539-542.

1929. Composition and origin of the palaearctic fauna of Orthoptera. Proc. 10th Congr. £ool. Budapest, 1927, pp. 1516-1524.

1929. Acrididen (Orthoptera) aus Siid-Indien. Revue suisse <00/. 36. 533-563.1929. (With W. E. China.) A much-needed line of investigation in British entomology.

Entomologists mon. Mag. 65, 50-52.1929. Studies in the Iranian Orthoptera. I. Some new or less-known Tettigoniidae.

Ezheg. zool. Muz. 30, 623-639.1929. Euryparyphes laetus mazaganicus I Bolivar; E. Uvarov, subsp.n.; E.

flexuosus Uvarov. In: Werner, F. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise nach Westalgerien und Marokko. II. Dermapteren und Ortho- pteren aus Westalgerien un&Nlaxokko.Sber. Akad. Wiss.Wien (Abt. I) , 138, 177-178.

1930. Un membracide americain dans les Alpes-Maritimes. Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. p. 242.1930. Weather and climate in their relation to insects. (In Russian.) Izv. prikl. Ent. 4,

549-566.1930. Wetter und Klima in ihren Beziehungen zu den Insekten. angew. Ent.

17, 156-177.1930. A new alpine grasshopper (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Mount Elgon. Ann. Mag.

nat. Hist. (10), 5, 249-250.1930. Three new Orthoptera from China. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 5, 251-256.1930. Notes on new or less-known holarctic Decticinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae).

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 5, 400-405.1930. Second species of the palaearctic genus Podisma (Orthoptera, Acrididae) found in

Assam. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 5, 561-563.1930. Notes on palaearctic Mantidae. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 5, 631-633.1930. Saltatorial Orthoptera collected by Mr C. L. Collenette in British Somaliland.

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 6, 176-185.1930. A new species of Anacridium (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Arabia. Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (10), 6, 185-186.1930. Second species of the genus Marellia Uv., semiaquatic grasshoppers from S. America.

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 6, 543-544.1930. Synonymic notes on Australian Acrididae (Orthoptera). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10),

' 6, 598-603.1930. Orthoptera collected by M. Sureya Bey in Turkey. Eos, Madr. 6. 349-373.1930. The Orthoptera of the British Isles. Mem. Soc. Biogeogr. 3, 57-65.1930. Orthoptera collected by Professor T. D. A. Cockerell in Morocco. Bull. Soc. Sci.

nat. Maroc, 10, 210-214.1930. Instructions for observations on locusts. London: Imperial Bureau of Entomology. 6 pp.1930. Cyclic polymorphism in locusts and periodicity of locust invasions. Trans. Br. Ass.

Advmt Sci. (Zook), p. 342. (Summary in: Nature, Lond. 126, 706.)1931. Insects and climate. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 79, 1-247.1931. Orthoptera palaearctica critica. VIII. A preliminary revision of the genus Aeropus

Gistl. ( Gomphocerusauct. partim) (Acrid.). Eos, Madr. 1, 85-94.1931. Robecchia granulosa sp.n. from British Somaliland (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann.

Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 7, 436.

732 Biographical Memoirs

1931. Orthoptera palaearctica critica. IX. The genus Kabulia Ramme (Acrid.).Madr. 7, 223-228.

1931. Notes on the genus Iris,Saussure (Orthoptera, Mantidae). Mag. nat. Hist.(10), 8, 234-238.

1931. A new mantid from Baluchistan. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 8, 418-419.1931. Some Acrididae from South China. Lingnan Sci. 10, 217-221.1931. Five new species of the genus Batrachotetrix Sauss. (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann.

Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 8, 586-592.1931. On the locust problem. East Africa, 8, 428-429.1931. The collection and study of Indian Orthoptera. Proc. Bd Agric. India (1929),

pp. 157-160.1931. Locusts, grasshoppers, mantids, etc. Appendix l ie to B. Thomas’s article, 'A camel

journey across the A1 Khali’. Geogrl J . 78, 230.1932. Acridacockerelli sp.n. from Belgium Congo (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Mag.

nat. Hist. (10), 9, 172-174.1932. A new species of the genus Valanga Uv. from New Hebrides (Orthoptera, Acrididae).

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 9, 333.1932. Bioclimatograph, an improved method for analyzing bioclimatic relations of

insects. Ecology, 13, 309-311.1932. Ecological studies on the Moroccan locust in Western Anatolia. Bull. ent. Res. 23,

273-287.1932. A revision of the genus Brachycrotaphus Krauss (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Soc. ent.

Fr. Livre du Centenaire, pp. 285-300.1932. A new species of Paradrymadusa from Baluchistan (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae).

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 10, 600.1932. Acrididae from the Marquesas. Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. no. 98, pp. 239-240.1932. Epidemiology of insect pests. (A review of K. Escherich, Die Forstinsekten

europas: ein Lehr- und Handbuch. Vol. 3, pt 2.) Nature, Lond. 129, 260-261.1932. (With W. E. China.) Ecology of man’s ancestors. Nature, Lond. 130, 813.1932. Locusts and their kin. Naft, Lond. 8, 14-15. (The Anglo-Persian Oil Co. Ltd.,

London magazine.)1932. Studies in the Iranian Orthoptera. II. Some new or less-known Acrididae. Trudy

zool. Inst. Leningr. 1, 187-233.1933. Orthoptera collected by Mr Bertram Thomas in southern Arabia. Proc. zool. Soc.

Lond. pp. 259-271.1933. Ecology of the Moroccan Locust in Iraq and Syria and the prevention of its out­

breaks. Bull. ent. Res. 24, 407-418. (Also translated into Russian.)1933. Preliminary experiments on the annual cycle of the Red Locust (

septemfasciata, Serv.). Bull. ent. Res. 24, 419-420.1933. The locust outbreak in Africa and western Asia, 1925-1931. London: Economic Advisory

Council Committee on Locust Control. 87 pp.1933. The locust outbreak in Africa and western Asia in 1932. London: Economic Advisory

Council Committee on Locust Control. 74 pp.1933. Conditioned reflexes in insect behaviour. Proc. 5th Clongr. Ent. Paris 1932,

pp. 353-360.1933. Physiological basis of applied entomology. Proc. 5th int. Ent. Paris, 1932,

pp. 667-678. (Also translated into Russian.)1933. Orthoptera. Tettigoniidae. In: Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition

nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr Sven Hedin und Prof. Sti Ping-chang. Insekten gesammelt vom schwedischen Arzt der Expedition Dr David Hummel, 1927-1930. Ark. Zool. 26A. no. 1, 8 pp.

1933. Three new species of the genus Dericorys Serv. (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 11, 247-252.

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov 733

1933. Kingdonellawardi, gen. et sp.n. a new grasshopper (Orthoptera, Acrididae) fromthe Assam Himalayas. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 11, 468-470.

1933. A new Sphingonotus from Morocco (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 11, 602-604.

1933. Notes on new and little-known Orthoptera from Palestine. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 11, 663-672.

1933. The locust problem. Crown Colon, pp. 9-12.1933. Phases in South African locusts. (A review of J. C. Faure, 1932. The phases of

locusts in South Africa. Bull. ent. Res. 23, 293-405.) Nature, Lond. 131, 423-424.1934. Report on the Insecta collected by Colonel R. Meinertzhagen in the Ahaggar

Mountains. I. Orthoptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 13, 161-164.1934. Entomological expedition to Abyssinia 1926-1927: Orthoptera of the families

Mantidae, Gryllidae, Tettigoniidae and A c rid id a e .Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 38,591-614.1934. Entomological expedition to Abyssinia, 1926-1927: report on the Orthoptera.

Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. sess. 146, 52-54.1934. Studies in the Orthoptera of Turkey, Iraq and Syria. Eos, Madr. 10, 21-119.1934. A new grasshopper genus of intermediate subfamily characters and other interesting

Orthoptera from Morocco. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 14, 466-473.1934. The locust outbreak in Africa and western Asia in 1933. London: Economic Advisory

Council Committee on Locust Control. 66 pp.1934. Fundamental research on the locust problem. Proc. 3rd int. Locust Conf. London 1934,

93-96.1934. Locust problem in Africa. Rep. Afr.Affairs, 5 (1933), 36-44.1934. The locust problem in the Pacific countries of Asia. Proc. 5th Pacif. Sci. Congr.

pp. 3455-3458.1934. Third International Locust Conference. Nature, Lond. 134, 484-485.1935. A new species of the genus Schizodactylus from Burma (Orthoptera, Gryllacrididae).

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 15, 150-153.1935. Notes on Acrididae from south China. Lingnan Sci. J . 14, 267-269.1935. The myth of semiaquatic phasmids. Z- Morph. Okol. Tiere, 30, 432-437.1935. The locust outbreak in Africa and western Asia in 1934. London: Economic Advisory

Council Committee on Locust Control. 65 pp.1935. Three new grasshoppers from south-eastern Tibet (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann.

Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 16, 192-196.1935. Some Orthoptera from the high regions of Mt Cameroon, West Africa. Ann. Mag.

nat. Hist. (10), 16, 205-210.1935. A new name for the genus Gryllus auct., nec L. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 16, 320.1935. The Malcolm Burr collection of palaearctic Orthoptera. Eos, Madr. 11, 71-96.1935. Two new Orthoptera from Morocco. Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Maroc, 15, 1-4.1935. The locust problem and the key to its solution. Afr. Observer, 2 (3), 11-14.1935. Locusts and a rational anti-locust policy. Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. 12, 193-198.1935. Remarks on locust and grasshopper research in the Old World. Rep. 4th imp. ent.

Conf. pp. 51-54.1936. (With A. G. H amilton.) Phase variation and rate of development in the Algerian

race of the Migratory Locust ( Locustamigratoria L.). Bull. ent. Res. 27, 87-90.1936. The Oriental Migratory Locust {Locusta migratoria manilensis, Meyen 1835). Bull,

ent. Res. 27, 91-104.1936. Notes on the genus Oedipoda Linn6 (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(10), 18, 130-132.1936. Some Orthoptera from Kashmir. Opusc. Ent. 1, 17-20.1936. A new Omocestus from Spain (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10),

18, 378-380.1936. Studies in the Arabian Orthoptera. I. Descriptions of new genera, species and

subspecies. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 39, 531-554.

734 Biographical Memoirs

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov 7351936. New Orthoptera from Cyprus. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 18, 505-515.1936. A new tettigoniid genus from St. Helena (Orthoptera). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10),

18, 560-562.1936. Locusts as an international problem. Curr. Sci. 5, 191-193.1936. La lutte contre les locustes. Bull, agric. Congo beige, 27, 106-110.1937. Moroccan species of the genus Stenobothrus (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (10), 19, 308-311.1937. Tropical species of Tropidopola St. and the past history of the genus (Orthoptera,

Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10), 19, 518-521.1937. (With W. M ilnthorpe.) The locust outbreak in Africa and western Asia in 1935.

London: Economic Advisory Council Committee on Locust Control. 63 pp.1937. (With W. M ilnthorpe.) The locust outbreak Africa and western Asia in 1936.

London: Economic Advisory Council Committee on Locust Control. 55 pp.1937. Some Acrididae from the Solomon Islands (Orthoptera). Treubia, 16, 15-20.1937. Die Arthropodenfauna von Madeira nach den Ergebnissen der Reise von Prof.

Dr O. Lundblad, Juli-August (1935). I. Orthoptera. Ark. £ool. 29A, no. 15, 6 pp.1937. Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) collected by Captain F. Kingdon Ward in

Tibet in 1935. J.Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 40, 279-282.1937. A representative of an Old World subfamily of Acrididae in south-western North

America. Pan-Pacif. Ent. 13, 97-100.1937. Biological and ecological basis of locust phases and their practical application.

Proc. 4th int. Locust Corf.Cairo, 1936, Appendix 7, 16 pp.1937. Two South American acridid genera with Old World affinities (Orthoptera).

Revta Soc. ent. argent. 9, 3-5.1937. A new method in biogeography. Nature, Lond. 139, 492-494.1938. Orthoptera collected by the Polish Alpine Expedition to the Caucasus in 1935.

Fragm. faun.3, 219-223.1938. (With M. T ewfik.) A list of Orthoptera from south Arabia. Bull. Soc. R. ent.

Egypte,21 (1937), pp. 271-283.1938. Studies in the Iranian Orthoptera. III. New and less-known Acrididae from

Southern Iran and Baluchistan. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 1, 371-381.1938. Orthoptera from Iraq and Iran. Zool. Ser. Fid Mus. nat. Hist. 20, 439-451.1938. Ecological and biogeographical relations of Eremian Acrididae. Mem. Soc.

6, 231-273.1938. Mission scientifique de l’Omo. Orthoptera. Acrididae. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat.

Paris (N.S.), 8, 145-176.1938. Locusts as a world problem. C.r. \&n Corf. int. Prot. Catamites, nat., Paris 1937,

pp. 376-381.1938. (With E. Slifer.) Brunner’s organ, a structure found on the jumping legs of

grasshoppers. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 13, 111-115.1938. (With B. N. Bowman.) The economic importance of the locust and grasshopper

problems throughout the world Proc. 5th int. Locust Conf. Brussels 1938, pp. 190-236.

1938. New and interesting Acrididae (Orthoptera) from Mauretania. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.(11), 2, 599-606.

1938. Fourth International Locust Conference. Nature, Lond. 142, 174-175.1939. (With M. A. V olkonsky.) Notes on a desert grasshopper with digging habits—

Eremogryllus hammadae Krauss 1902 (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 14, 19-23.

1939. An American membracid in Jugoslavia (Hemiptera (A), 14,48.1939. Distribution of Oedipoda charpentieri (Fieber, 1853) (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann.

Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 3, 236-238.1939. (With W. M ilnthorpe.) The locust outbreak in Africa and western Asia in 1937.

London: Economic Advisory Council Committee on Locust Control. 64 pp.

1939. Studies in the Arabian Orthoptera. II. New and little-known Mantidae and Phasmidae. J.Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 40, 547-559.

1939. Some Acrididae from south-eastern Tibet. J . Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 40, 561-574.1939. Twenty-four new generic names in Orthoptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11),

3, 457-459.1939. A new Tettigonia from the Russian Far East (Orthoptera). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11),

3, 614-616.1939. Correction of a generic name in Orthoptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 3, 637.1939. A new species of Eucoptacra from the Belgian Congo (Orthoptera, Acrididae).

Bull. Mus. r. Hist. nat. Belg. 15 (30), 2 pp.1939. New and less-known palaearctic Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist.

(11), 4, 132-138.1939. New and less-known Palestinian Orthoptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 4, 216-227. 1939. A preliminary revision of the palaearctic species and subspecies of Thisoicetrus

Br. W. (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Novit. zool. 41, 377-382.1939. Contribution to a discussion on subspecies and varieties. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond.

sess. 151, 102-104.1939. The identity of Chopardinaimportata Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera, Gryllacrididae).

Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 8, 60.1939. Birds unaffected by locust poison bait. E. Africa Rhodesia, 29.vi.1939, 1 p.1940. Twenty-eight new generic names in Orthoptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11),

5, 173-176.1940. The synonymy, systematic position and biogeographical importance of a Floridan

tettigoniid (Orthoptera). Fla Ent. 23, 10-13.1940. Two new Acrididae from Afghanistan. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 6, 54-59.1940. Twenty-four new generic names in Orthoptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 6,

112-117.1940. Eleven new generic names in Orthoptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 6, 377-380.1940. Locusts as an international problem. Proc. 6th int. Congr. Ent. Madrid 1935, vol. 2,

pp. 535-543.1940. Two new Orthoptera from Turkey. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 6, 522-527.1940. Tetrix ceperoi, I. Bolivar, new to British fauna (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae). J. Soc. Br.

Ent. 2, 72-75.1940. El problema de la langosta. Ciencia, Mix. 1, 337-342.1941. Geographical variation in Scintharista notabilis (Walker 1870) (Orthoptera,

Acrididae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 10, 91-97.1941. Coryndon Memorial Museum Expedition to the Chyulu Hills, 1938. VIII. Grass­

hoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) J l E. Africa Uganda nat. Hist. Soc. 15, 171-180.1941. New grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae), from Kenya. J l E. Africa Uganda

nat. Hist. Soc. 16, 25-34.1941. Genus Chloebora Saussure, 1884 (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11),

8, 298-302.1941. New African Acrididae (Orthoptera). J. ent. Soc. Sth. 4, 47-71.1942. New and less-known southern palaearctic Orthoptera. Trans. Am. ent. Soc. 67,303-361.1942. Revision of the genus Clonia Stal 1855 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Proc. R. ent.

Soc. Lond. (B), 11, 57-62.1942. Preliminary revision of the genus Paracalopterns I. Bolivar (Orthoptera, Acrididae).

Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 11, 86-90.1942. Synonymy of two palaearctic acridid genera (Orthoptera). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond.

(B), 11, 110.1942. A revision of the genus Ornithacris Uvarov, 1924 (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann.

Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 9, 135-140.1942. A preliminary revision of the decoratusgroup of the genus Catantops Schaum, 1853

(Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 9, 402-409.

736 Biographical Memoirs

Boris Petrovitch 7371942. New Acrididae from India and Burma. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 9, 587-607.1942. Palaearctic Acrididae new to the Indian fauna. Eos, Madr. 18, 97-103.1942. (With J. G. T homas.) The probable mechanism of phase variation in the pronotum

of locusts. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 17, 113-118.1942. Properties of cuticle and insect ecology. Nature, Lond. 149, 109-110.1943. The locust plague. J l R. Soc. Arts, 91, 109-118. (Reprinted in Smithson. Instn

(1944), pp. 331-346 and in J . econ. Ent. 37, 93-99.)1943. A revision of the genera Sphodromerus, Metromerus and Sphodronotus (Orthoptera,

Acrididae). Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond, sess. 154, 69-85.1943. Orthoptera of the Siwa oases. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. sess. 155, 8-30.1943. A preliminary revision of the axillaris group of the genus Catantops Schaum, 1853

(Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 10, 119-128.1943. A revision of the group Mesopsis (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Madr. 19, 69-78. 1943. The tribe Thrinchini of the subfamily Pamphaginae, and the interrelations of the

acridid subfamilies (Orthoptera). Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 93, 1-72.1943. Notes on the Old World genera of the group Euthymiae (Orthoptera, Acrididae).

Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 10, 384-389.1943. A revision of the genus Abisares Stal, 1878 (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (11), 10, 558-563.1943. African genera of the group Oxyrrhepes (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann. Mag. nat.

Hist. (11), 10, 577-589.1943. War losses of Russian entomology. Ent. News, 54, 183.1943. Destroying locust enemy: war-time campaign. Discovery which has made it possible

to crush potential menaces to food supplies over vast areas. Crown Colon. 92 pp.1943. An international anti-locust campaign. Nature, Lond. 151, 41-42. (Translated into

Spanish in Ciencia, Mex. 4, 25-28.)1944. The African genera allied to Leptacris Walker, 1870 (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ann.

Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 11, 13-21.1944. A new phasmid from Iraq (Orthoptera). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (11), 11, 64-67.1944. (With E. Burtt.) Changes in wing pigmentation during the adult life of Acrididae.

Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 19, 7-8.1944. A New Zealand phasmid (Orthoptera) established in the British Isles. Proc. R. ent.

Soc. Lond. (B), 13, 94-96.1944. A new generic name in Acrididae (Orthoptera.) Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 13, 144.1945. The locust menace demands energetic counter-measures: a campaign aimed at

simultaneous operations in all infested countries. Imp. Rev. 12, 142-144.1945. Brief report on the past and present activities of the Anti-Locust Research Centre. 20 pp.

Mimeograph.1945. War against locusts. Geogrl Mag. Lond. 18, 219-227.1945. The organization of bioclimatic research. R. met. Soc. 21, 226-228.1947. The Migratory Locust in England in 1946. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 22, 35-37.1947. The grasshopper problem in North America. Nature, Lond. 160, 857-859.1947. How a grasshopper becomes a locust. New Biol. no. 3, pp. 9-27.1947. Man and locust. Biology hum. Affairs, 12, 132-135.1947. On Dociostaurus tartarus (Stschelkanovzev, 1909) (Orthoptera, Acrididae). R.

ent. Soc. Lond. (A), 22, 1-2.1948. Recent advances in acridology: anatomy and physiology of Acrididae. Trans. R.

ent. Soc. Lond. 99, 1-75. Also reprinted as Anti-Locust Bull. no. 1, 75 pp.1948. Locusts and grasshoppers. (Discussion.) Rep. 5th Cornmonw. ent. Conf. London, 1948,

pp. 94-100.1948. Tettigoniidae and Acrididae collected in 1931 on the Atlantic Islands by R. Frey

and R. Stori. Commentat. biol. 8, no. 15, 7 pp.1948. Sound production in Orthoptera (Acrididae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (C), 13, 22.1948. Andalusian Orthoptera described by Rambur. Eos, Madr. 24, 369-390.

1948. Phasmid note. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (C), 14, 29-32.1949. On the insect fauna of Cyprus. Results of the expedition of 1939 by Harald, Hakan

and P. H. Lindberg. IV. Tettigoniidae and Acrididae. Commentat. Biol. 10. no. 10, 6 pp.

1949. Tettigoniidae and Acrididae from Persia, collected in 1936-1937 by Fred Brandt. Notul. ent. 28, 89-91.

1949. Tettigoniidae and Acrididae from Bulgaria and Greece collected in 1939 by Hakan Lindberg. Notul. ent. 28, 91-94.

1949. Insects of Kuwait. Appendix V III of Dickson, H. R. P. The Arab of the desert. London: Allen & Unwin, pp. 587-590.

1949. A new Pholidoptera from S.W. Turkey (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 18, 1-2.

1949. A remarkable new species of Pycnodictya Saussure (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from East Africa. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 18, 151-152.

1949. The Migratory Locust in England in 1947 and 1948. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. A), 24,20-25.

1949. Some Pamphaginae from Turkey (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Bull. Soc. Found 1 Ent.33, 1-9.

1950. Locusts. Corona, 2, 180-183.1950. Recent progress in locust and grasshopper research. Proc. 8th int. Congr. Ent.

Stockholm, 1948, pp. 693-694.1950. The new locust threat. Wld Crops, 2, 483-484.1950. Locusts and grasshoppers. (Summary of special session of the British Association

for the Advancement of Science, Zoological Section, at Birmingham, 5 Sept.1950.) Nature, Lond. 166, 625-627.

1950. The war against locusts. (In Arabic.) Arabic Listener, 11 (3), 4-5, 20.1950. A second New Zealand stick insect (Phasmatodea) established in the British Isles.

Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 19, 174-175.1951. Locust research and control, 1929-1950. London: HMSO Colonial Res. Publ. no. 10,

67 pp.1951. Some recent advances in locust research. Advmt Sci. Lond. 8, 17-22. (Also published

in Wld Crops, 3, 441-445.)1951. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, on locust research and

control, 1950-1951. Colon. Res. 1950-1951, pp. 231-243.1951. Some synonymy in the genus Locusta Linne. Bull. Off. natn. anti-acrid. Alger, no. 1,

1-4.1951. Cyprus locust research scheme. Anti-Locust Bull. no. 10, 1-2.1951. The genus Caloptenopsis I. Bolivar and its allies (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Eos, Madr.

Tomo extraord. (1950), pp. 385-414.1951. On Dr Ashley B. Gurney’s proposal that the names ‘ ’ and ‘ ’ should

be validated, as from Linnaeus, 1758, by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature under its plenary powers. Bull. fool. Nom. p. 111.

1952. (With V. M. D irsh.) Orthoptera collected in Iran. Verb, naturf. Ges. Basel, 63, 1-16.1952. Studies in the Arabian Orthoptera. III. New genera, species and subspecies

collected by the anti-locust missions. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 42, 176-194.1952. Description of adult Schizodactylus inexspectatus (Werner) from Turkey (Orthoptera.

Gryllacrididae). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12), 5, 772-774.1952. Desert Locust: the 1951 campaign. Corona, 4, 67-68.1952. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, on locust research and

control, 1951-1952. Colon. Res. 1951-1952, pp. 243-253.1953. Some effects of past climatic changes on the distribution of African Acrididae.

Trans. 9th int. Congr. Ent. Amsterdam 1951, vol. 2, pp. 157-159.1953. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, on locust research and

control, 1952-1953. Colon. Res. 1952-1953, pp. 259-268.

738 Biographical Memoirs

1953. (With V. M. D irsh.) Tree locusts of the genus Anacridium (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Eos, Madr. 29, 7-69.

1953. (With V. M. D irsh.) Preliminary diagnoses of new genera and new synonymy in Acrididae. Tijdschr. Ent. 96, 231-237.

1953. Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acrididae) of Angola and Northern Rhodesia collected by Dr Malcolm Burr in 1927-1928. P cult. Co. Diam. Angola, no. 21,217 pp.

1953. Two new Eumastacidae (Orthoptera) from Africa. Boll. Lab. gen. agr. Portici,33, 1-9.

1953. The locust threat to East Africa: danger of serious crop losses. Times Br. Colonies Rev. no. 12, p. 15.

1953. War on the locust. Nat. Hist. N.T. 62, 446-449.1953. International war on locusts. Br. agric. Bull. 6, 85-92.1954. The Desert Locust and its environment. In: Cloudsley-Thompson, J. L. (Ed.).

Biology of deserts. London: Institute of Biology, pp. 85-89.1954. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, on locust research and

control, 1953-1954. Colon. Res. 1953-1954, pp. 255-265.1954. Present trends in locust research. Rep. 6th Comrnonw. ent. Conf. London 1954,

pp. 137-141.1954. Synonymic nomenclatorial notes on Acrididae (Orthoptera). Ent. Ber. Amst. 15,

’ 146-147.1954. A little-known graminicolous grasshopper from Iran and Afghanistan. Verh. naturf.

Ges. Basel, 65, 82-84.1954. Some less-known graminicolous acridid genera of Central Africa. Annls Mus. r.

Congo beige, Ser. 4lo (Zook), 1, 544-547.1954. Synonymie d’un Oedipodien africain (Orth. Acrididae). Bull. Soc. ent. Fr. 59, 127. 1954. The Desert Locust again. Corona, 6, 19-21.1954. Obituary—Dr Malcolm Burr. Entomologist's Rec. J . Var. 66, 231.1955. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre on locust research and control,

1954-1955. Colon. Res. 1954-1955, pp. 291-300.1956. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, on locust research and

control, 1955-1956. Colon. Res. 1955-1956, pp. 291-300.1956. A new genus of Oedipodini (Orth. Acrididae) from India. Entomologist's mon. Mag.

(4), 17, 217-218.1956. The locust and grasshopper problem in relation to the development of arid lands.

In: White, C. F. (Ed.). The future of arid lands. Washington: American Association for the Advancement of Science, pp. 383-389. (Also translated into Russian, 1958.)

1956. La langosta del desierto y su ambiente. (Extract from a conference discussion atthe Instituto Espanol de Entomologia, January 1955.) Graellsia, 14, 55-61.

1957. (With V. M. D irsh.) An interesting grasshopper from Iran. Ent. Ber. Amst. 17,24-26.

1957. The aridity factor in the ecology of locusts and grasshoppers of the Old World.In: Arid fone Research VIII. Human and animal ecology. Reviews of research. Pp. 164—198. Paris: Unesco.

1957. (With H. B. J ohnston.) A census of the African acridoid fauna. Bull. Inst. fr. noire, 19, 511—519.

1957. (With G. B. Popov.) The saltatorial Orthoptera of Socotra. J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), 43, 359-389.

1957. Obituary—Prof. V. F. Boldyrev. Nature, Lond. 179, 758.1957. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, on locust research and

control, 1956-1957. Colon. Res. 1956-1957, pp. 303-312.1958. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, on locust research and control,

1957-1958. Colon. Res. 1957-1958, pp. 322-331.

Boris Petrovitch Uvarov 739

1958. Recent trends and needs of acridological research. Proc. int. Congr. Ent. Montreal1956, vol. 3, pp. 69-74.

1959. A misdetermined species of Cyclopternacris Ramme (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Ent.Ber. Amst. 19, 23-24.

1959. Efforts to control locusts in Africa described. Science, N.Y. 130, 1564-1565.1960. Report of the Director, Anti-Locust Research Centre, on locust research and

control (1958-1959). Colon. Res. 1958-1959, pp. 387-402.1960. Y. Ramchandra Rao—a pioneer of locust research. Bull. Ent. Loyola Coll. 1, 9-10.1961. Quantity and quality in insect populations. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (C), 25, 52-59.1961. Insect hazards in land development. Span, 4, 154-157. (Reprinted in French in

Phytoma 1963, 15 (144), 19-22.)1961. Introductory lecture. Lectures of the First Desert Locust Training Course, Rabat,

Morocco, 1960. Progress Report FAO: UNSF/DL/TC/2. pp. 3-8.1961. The main economic species of locusts and grasshoppers and problems of their

control. Ibid.pp. 9-14.1961. (With V. M. D irsh.) The diagnostic characters, scope and geographical distribu­

tion of the subfamily Romaleinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (B), 30, 153-160.

1962. Development of arid lands and its ecological effects on their insect fauna. In:Arid Zone Research XVIII. The problems of the arid zone—Proceedings of the Paris Symposium, 1960. pp. 235-248. Paris: Unesco. (Also French version.)

1962. Locust research in India. (A review of Y. R. Rao, 1960. The Desert Locust in India.New Delhi, Indian Council of Agricultural Research.) Nature, Lond. 194, 322-323.

1962. A new genus and species of Indian Acridinae. Indian J . Ent. 23 (1961), 299-300. 1962. Allocution de la seance de cloture. Collogues int. Cent. natn. Rech. scient. no. 114,

pp. 319-328.1964. Problems of insect ecology in developing countries. J. appl. Ecol. 1, 159-168.

(Reprinted in PANS (A), 1965, 11, 155-168.)1964. The insect threat to developing countries. New Scient. 23, 330-331.1964. Locust research and control. In: Jeffries, C. (Ed.) A review of colonial research

1960. London: HMSO. pp. 191—205.1965. Premature publicity. (A review of L. A. Swan, 1964. Beneficial insects. New York &

London, Harper & Row.) New Scient. 27, 647-649.1965. The formation of pest fauna by agricultural development in new countries. (Abstr.)

Proc. 12th int. Congr. Ent. London 1964, p. 576.1966. Grasshoppers and locusts: a handbook of general acridology. Vol. I. Published for the

Anti-Locust Research Centre. London: Cambridge University Press. 481 pp.1966. British grasshoppers and crickets. (A review of D. R. Ragge, 1965. Grasshoppers,

crickets and cockroaches of the British Isles. London: Warne.) Xature, Lond. 210, 63-64.

1966. Biogeography of Soviet Asia. (A review of O. L. Kryzhanovsky, 1965. The composi­tion and origin of terrestrial fauna of Middle Asia. Moscow-Leningrad, and: A. I. Kurentzov, 1965. The zoogeography of the Amur region. Moscow-Leningrad.) Nature, Lond. 210, 149.

1967. Hibernation of active stages of Acridoidea in temperate climates. Atti Accad.gioenia Sci. nat. 18 (1966), 175—189.

1967. Comments on application by V. M. Dirsh regarding the type species of Patanga Uvarov Z. N. (S) 1761. Bull. zool. Nom. 24, 132—135.

1969. Current and future problems of acridology. (In Russian.) Ent. Obozr. 48, 233-240. ? Grasshoppers and locusts: a handbook of general acridology. Vol. II. In preparation.

740 Biographical Memoirs