Bradfordjournalcolorissue3 12 15h

INDEX

Local News/Weather 2Comments & Opinions 3Obituaries 4 Social News 6Food page 12Comics/Sudoku/DVD New Releases

13

Classifi eds 19Word Seek/Crossword 20

Bradford JournalP.O. Box, Bradford, PA 16701

www.bradfordjournal.comPhone: 814-465-3468

VOL. 174 NO.10 BRADFORD JOURNAL/MINER THURSDAY MARCH 12 , 2015 www.bradfordjournal.com Bradford Journal/McKean County Miner/Mount Jewett Echo Phone 814-465-3468

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Bradford Journal

Bradford Journal PhotoFrom the left, clockwise around are Claire Ransom, Jasmine Strikemain, and Darian Wineberg, fi fth grade students in Mrs. McGinniss classroom at School Street Elemen-tary School, March 9th. Claire and Darian are fi nishing up their reading assignment, The Eagles Are Back, while Jasmine, having fi nished the assignment, occupies her-self with Fast-Math.

Fifth Grade Students Work Casually Together

Bradford Journal PhotoOn the left is Maddie Emerson, and on the right is Lauren Placer, both fi fth grade students in Mrs. Downeys class at School Street Elementary School. Its Monday, March 9th and they are busy preparing to write a paragraph. Its easy, once you read the material and have the facts, they tell us.

Busy At Days Work

Bradford Journal PhotoFrom the left, clockwise around are Jack Wells, Elizabeth Gibson, and Olivia Angell, fi fth grade students in Mrs. Downeys class at School Street Elementary School, March 9th. They are working at writing articles in support of drinking either white milk or chocolate milk. They tell us that debating is fun.

Its English Class- Where Debating Is Fun

Bradford Journal & Miner Thursday, March 12, 2015 www.bradfordjournal.com

LOCAL & AREA NEWS

Thursday, Mar. 12:Mostlysunny and pleas-ant today with a high of 46.

ThursdayNight:Partlycloudy with a low of 26 tonight.

THE BRADFORD AREA 5-DAY WEATHER FORECASTFriday, Mar. 13:Partlysunny with a chance of rain and snow in the morning, then mostly cloudy with a chance of rain in the afternoon. High of 46.

Friday Night:Mostlycloudy. Chance of rain and snow this evening. Chance of snow after mid-night. Low of 32.

Saturday, Mar, 14:Mostlycloudy with a chance of rain and snow in the morn-ing, then a chance of rain in the after-noon. High of 45.

Saturday Night:Mostlycloudy. Chance of rain and snow this evening. Chance of snow after mid-night. Low of 30.

Sunday, Mar. 15: Partlysunny with a chance of morning snow showers today. High of 42.

Sunday Night:Mostlycloudy with a touch of snow, sleet, and freezing rain to-night. Low of 31.

Monday,Mar. 16:Cloudyand milder today with a high of 48.

Monday Night:Cloudytonight with an overnight low of 31.

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SUN AIR EXPRESS OFF AND FLYING - Low Fares And Easy Connections

(BRADFORD, PA) The Bradford Re-gional Airport and Sun Air Express are celebrating frequent daily fl ights, new air-craft, low fares and easy connections to more than 45 cities via Pittsburgh Interna-tional Airport. The airline will offer four roundtrips weekday and two roundtrips every Saturday and Sunday. Sun Air Express, a Fort Lauderdale, Florida-based ultra-regional airline, began the new fl ights on March 1 and is provid-ing fl ights between Bradford and Pitts-burgh, a route which has a long history from the region. We are delighted to welcome Sun Air Express to Pittsburgh as our new essential air service carrier, said Alicia Dankesre-iter, Acting Director of Bradford Regional Airport. We are confi dent that our com-munity will embrace its new airline and take advantage of the conveniences of their local airport, which offers unlimit-ed free parking, hassle-free check in and boarding, with frequent, reliable service to

Pittsburgh at fares that both business and leisure travelers can afford. Bradford area travelers will now en-joy easy connections to over 45 cities served nonstop from Pittsburgh Inter-national and hundreds more around the world, said Mark Cestari, VP Market-ing for Sun Air Express, Bradford fl y-ers will be able to connect to both lega-cy and low cost carriers via a new gate, E-1 at Pittsburgh international, which was newly designed for easy and quick connections. Passengers with small, carry-on bags who are holding board-ing passes on other airlines will be able to able to go directly to their connect-ing gate in less than 10 minutes. For fl yers who are not in a hurry, Pittsburgh International also offers the amenities of AIRMALL, an impressive array of retail shopping and dining experience only steps from the Sun Air Express ar-rival gate E-1. The New Sun Air Express Bradford-

Pittsburgh service is part of the PIT CONNECTOR program, which is de-signed to bring frequent, reliable and affordable service to smaller commu-nities throughout the Commonwealth who have seen service decline over the past two decades. The project is a mar-keting partnership between Sun Air Ex-press, hometown airports like Brad-ford Regional, Pittsburg International Airport and PENNDOT (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation.) In addition to the ultra-low fares, Sun Air Express will offer frequent fl yers an EXPRESSPACK discount program for businesses and leisure travelers featuring even lower fares. A 10-EXPRESSPACK will cost just $250 for 10-one way fl ight segments be-tween Bradford and Pittsburgh. 20-EX-PRESSPACKs are $450, and 50-EX-PRESSPACKS are priced at $1,000. EXPRESSPACKS are good for six months from the time of purchase and their use is transferrable for individuals within companies, organization or fam-ilies. We want everyone to enjoy the benefi ts of from their hometown Brad-ford Regional Airport, said Cestari, and EXPRESSPACKS make fl ying easy and affordable. For more infor-mation about EXPRESSPACKS, call (844)8SUNAIR, or email getfl ying@ fl ysunairexpress.com with the subject line SUN AIR EXPRESSPACKS. Individual tickets begin as low as $29 when booked online at www.fl ysunair-express.com and tickets from can also be booked through travel sites such as Orbitz, Expedia, Hotwire, or Traveloc-ity. For general information about Sun Air Express, visit www.fl ysunairex-press.com or call (844)SUNAIR.

Local Travelers Can Fly One-way Fares from Bradford Pittsburgh For Just $29 at www.flysunairexpress.com

www.bradfordjournal.com Bradford Journal & Miner Thursday, March 12, 2015 Page 3

5 ENTS WORTH by Grant Nichols Its A Matter Of Opinion...

Guest ColumnistDestabilization

-by Bob Perry

The violence we are experiencing in the Middle East is a repeat of 100 years ago when Islam was taking control of vast portions of the Middle East by bloody and horrible means. Prior to 1916 there exist-ed the last Islamic Caliphate known as the Ottoman Empire. The area was complete-ly controlled including the key shipping routes. Enter Lawrence of Arabia! T.E. Lawrence was an army offi cer that Great Briton sent to deal with the situation. He conspired with the Arabs in the area and made a false promise of a new Arab king-dom of greater Syria which included lands we know today as Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and parts of Jordan and Iraq. Great Briton never planned to honor the promise because their goal was to free up the shipping routes that were blocked and the trade business was suffering. All along Great Briton was negotiating with France as how to divide up the area and after World War I the Arabs had no other choice but except the way the area was divided up. This is known as the Sykes-Picot Agreement. Ever since then there has been resent-ment over the divisions. Included in the Agreement was the British Mandate for Palestine establishing an area west of the Jordan River for Jews known as Israel. As we know, the radical Islamist will never accept a two-state resolution and their goal is to re-establish a caliphate known as ISIL completely under one control. The areas to be included in the caliphate in-cludes Israel. The goal of Islam, and ISIS in particular, is to re-establish the Ottoman Empire at a minimum. Over the years there has been a series of events that has been destabilizing the Middle East and it primarily is highlighted by the removal of dictators creating unrest and a vacuum in leadership. We have seen the removal of Saddam Hussein, Muam-mar Gaddafi , and Hosni Mubarak creat-ing unrest. Bashar al-Assad of Syria will not sur-vive this crisis and ISIS will be happy to fi ll the void. Because the United States did NOT retain the absolutely necessary resid-ual force in Iraq, the destabilization of the Middle East had to happen. At any cost, a SOFA (Status of Forces Agreement) be-tween United States and Iraq, which could have, and should have, been accomplished under President Barack Hussein Obama. The cost of the war in Iraq included 4,500 dead American soldiers, 32,000 wounded American soldiers and an expenditure of a Trillion dollars. It seems all for naught as what was fought for is all but gone and

additional costs in fl esh and expense would be realized if the once gained ter-ritory and security is fought for again. May the United States of America never face the feckless military leadership we have had to endure the past six years. Most recently we see that Iran is en-gaging in fi ghting with the Iraq army in fi ghting ISIS and this may lead into an expansion of activity as the US forces are not invited into the fi ght involving this activity. Iraq is a natural ally with Iran since the population has a major-ity of Shiites and surely has a common interest in joining forces making gains in uniting the Middle East. Destabiliza-tion is leading to the re-establishing of the Ottoman Empire and we have been a major pawn of in the game. The one player that remains in the path estab-lishing ISIL is Israel and if within the next two years Israel makes a preemp-tive strike at Iran attempting to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons, Israel will stand alone.

Photos for this issue come from the fi fth grade classes of Mrs. Downey and Mrs. McGinnis at the School Street Elementary School. The stu-dents were busy March 9th, the day of our visit, reading and writing articles, and working at math. Enjoy. Re-member that Girl Scout Week is tak-ing place from March 8th through March 14th. The sponsors for the full page spread found in our last edition of the Bradford Journal tell us they sup-port the Girl Scout organization as it continues to help young women be-come active, involved, vital citizens of our communities, and become aware of themselves as individuals with unique capabilities. The sponsors are Burns & Burns Associates, Inc., Dexter Ser-vice & Collision, Bottorf Embroidery and Screen Printing, Bradford Journal, Tops Friendly Markets, and The New Keystone..Just a reminder: The VFW Post 212 Frances Sherman La-dies Auxiliary will be holding their Winterfest 2015 Buffet Dinner in the Non-smoking Bradford Vets Club Event Center on Saturday, March 14th, at 5PM. The Dinner includes stuffed chicken fi lets, beef tips and gravy, sal-ad, sides, veggies and desserts, all for $10.00. Following the dinner at 8:00 PM there will be live music by the Usual Suspects band and of course the public is welcome..Most Ameri-cans know that the President and his administration serve as the interface of our country with the rest of the world. While some people outside the U.S. as well as heads of states of other countries may delve into the carryings-on and political actions of members of the House of Representatives or the Senate, most see the President as this countrys legitimate representative and what he says, as the legitimate intention of this country. This system has served us well in establishing the good will and/or respect of our allies as well as our enemies over the last two hundred years. Now, however, things are hap-pening in Congress that while not prov-ably treasonous, might work to destroy this long trusted and useful ambassado-rial function of our chief executive offi ce. Recently, the Speaker of the House and some of his close associates invited the Israeli Prime Minister into Congress to berate the President of the United States. And even more recently a group of dissi-dents in the US Senate sent a letter to the Iranian government telling them not to pay too much attention to what our President was telling them. Whatever else this does to our world image, it certainly doesnt portray us as one strong unifi ed power.

Bradford Journal PhotoOn March 9th, Katie Thiem, a fi fth grade student in Mrs. Downeys class at School Street Elementary School, looks up from an article entitled Sugary Drinks Can Be Unhealthy But Is Cows Milk Unhealthy Too? She is doing a sentence summary to support her argument that chocolate milk is unhealthy.

Analyzes To Support


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John Coldren Sr. John H. Coldren Sr., 61, of 367 Bolivar Drive, passed away Wednesday (Feb. 25, 2015) at The Pavilion at Bradford Region-al Medical Center. Born Sept. 16, 1953, in Bradford, he was a son of the late Kenneth W. and Betty J. Ray Coldren Sr. Mr. Coldren was a 1971 graduate of Bradford High School. He had been employed by Northeast Oil and Gas, Hanley Brick, W.R. Case Cutlery and later in material management department at the Bradford Regional Medical Center. He was an avid hunter, trapper, fi sher-man, he also enjoyed NASCAR, especial-ly spending time with his dog Abby. Surviving are two children, a daughter, Jennifer L. Coldren of Erie, and a son, Brian L. Coldren of Bradford; a sister, Jane (John) Kohler and a brother, Ken-neth (Betty) Coldren all of Bradford; one granddaughter, Gracie Coldren; and sev-eral nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his par-ents, a son, John H. Coldren Jr. who died on May 28, 2007; and a sister Sandy Man-ning.

Edith Fitzpatrick Edith Ann Fitzpatrick, 65, of 30 Keat-ing Ave., passed away Wednesday (Feb. 25, 2015) at her residence. Born Feb. 7, 1950, in Bradford, she was a daughter of the late William Francis and Gloria Jean Adams Fitzpatrick Sr. Ms. Fitzpatrick attended Sylmar High School in California and later attended the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford. She was one of the fi rst technicians when di-

alysis started and worked in California at the Dialysis Center. She returned to Bradford in 1988 and worked at the Bradford Dialysis Center. She then worked in Home Health Care Services for area families and later as an aide at Chapel Ridge. She was a formerly member of the Bradford Moose Lodge Auxiliary. Surviving are two daughters, Jeannie (Dustin) Brown of Smethport and Ashley Carpenter of Bradford; a son, Patrick Car-penter of Bradford; four sisters, Cynthia Frontino in Florida, Jeanetta McCalla and Mary Fitzpatrick, both of Bradford, and Jerri Fitzpatrick in Florida; four broth-ers, Eugene Fitzpatrick of Bradford, Wil-liam Fitzpatrick Jr. of Bradford, Walter John Fitzpatrick in West Virginia and Ed Fitzpatrick in California; six grandchil-dren, Miranda, Robbie, Linkin, Lizzy, Zayne and Liam; and several nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her par-ents; her husband, Ralph Carpenter; one granddaughter, Payton Isabella Brown; and one brother, Robert Fitzpatrick Sr. At the familys request there will be no visitation. Private services will be held at the convenience of family in the Hollen-beck-Cahill Funeral Homes Inc. Memorials, if desired, may be made to the Payton Isabella Brown Scholarship Fund c/o Jeannie Brown 507 W. Green St., Smethport, PA 16749.

William Davis William G. Davis, 95, formerly of 60 East Ave., passed away Thursday (Feb. 26, 2015) at The Pavilion at Bradford Re-

gional Medical Center. Born Aug. 14, 1919 in West Pittston, he was a son of the late Edward and Eva Styner Davis. On June 18, 1949 in Smeth-port, he married Lorraine E. Walk Davis, who died March 3, 2009. Mr. Davis was a 1937 graduate of West Pittston High School where he par-ticipated in football, wrestling, track and baseball. After high school, he enlisted in the United States Army on Aug. 2, 1938, where he served with the Battery A 12th Battalion Coast Artillery and was honor-ably discharged on Aug. 4, 1941. He reen-listed on Jan. 2, 1942 and served with the 82nd Airborne Division. He participated in the invasion of Normandy and several other major battles, including the Battle of the Bulge and the Rhineland. Following these battles, he was honorably discharged at the rank of Master Sergeant. His service awards included the Bronze Star Medal, Good Conduct Medal, Distinguished Unit Badge, European African Middle Eastern Service Medal with four Bronze Stars and one Bronze Arrowhead and the la Croix De Guerre from the French Government. Mr. Davis attended Williamsport Tech-nical Institute where he studied construc-tion and surveying. Following his gradua-tion, he was immediately employed with Beckwith Machinery. He worked for Beckwith Machinery in the service depart-ment, and retired after 34 years of service as service manager. He enjoyed traveling, photography and spending time with his family. He spent much of his free time on home projects in the cellar of his home. Surviving are four sons, James (Carol) Wilson of Warner Robin, Ga., Edward Da-vis of Limestone, N.Y., and Thomas (Tina) Davis and Stephen (Laurie) Davis, all of Bradford; 14 grandchildren; and several greatgrandchildren.

(Continued on page 6)


BUSINESS & PERSONAL FINANCESMaking Sure Loved Ones Are Prepared For Their Retirement Years

-by Jason Alderman What if a sudden, debilitating illness, fraud or economic downturn affected your senior family members retire-ment, estate or long-term care issues? Would you be prepared to take over? If the answer is no, youre not alone. According to 2013 research (http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/07/18/as-population-ages-more-americans-becoming-caregivers/) from the Pew Research Center, four in 10 U.S. adults are caring for a loved one with signifi -cant health issues. Dont wait for a crisis to initiate this conversation. Starting early can help you plan and even safeguard your own career and retirement planning. Here are some suggestions for starting the conversation: Identify the missing links. Find in-formation gaps you need to fi ll to help your senior relative plan for retirement. If key fi nancial information invest-ment and banking accounts, legal doc-uments or doctors contact information is missing, list any and all unknowns to be researched and compiled. Schedule a family fi nancial meeting. Schedule a specifi c day and time and create an agenda that meets the needs of your senior relative. It is not always necessary to involve all direct family members in a preliminary discussion, but make sure that relevant individuals are aware of the meeting. After helping your senior relative assess his or her fi -nancial situation, make sure to identify next steps and responsibilities. Locate important fi nancial docu-ments. Ask your senior relative to show you where his or her key documents and accounts are, such as retirement and pension information, checkbooks, investment statements, insurance poli-cies and legal and estate data. Find out where incoming bills are kept in case you have to step in and help manage monthly bills. Consider seeking fi nancial coun-seling. Any number of reasons, from illness to fraud, may explain losing control of personal fi nances. If your relative has been working with a quali-fi ed fi nancial or tax advisor, the family team should consider meeting with him or her if a need arises. If outside tax, fi nancial or legal help is needed, the team and your senior relative should discuss who those professionals should be, what their fees are and what you ex-pect them to do. Make and agree on a plan. After all the information gathering and dis-cussion is complete, make a plan in writing, if possible to review the sen-iors wishes, set an action plan and as-

sign responsibilities as necessary. As mentioned above, you should review this plan every year. And if problems emerge in any topic area from retire-ment to health issues, youll fi nd guid-ance throughout the Practical Money Skills for Life website. (http://www.practicalmoneyskills.com/personalfi-

nance/) Bottom line: Asking older relatives about retirement, estate and long-term care preparations can be an uncomfort-able conversation. Making a plan and initiating early conversations to involve the right people can ease the fi nancial strain and stress on everyone involved.

Bradford Journal PhotoFifth grade student, Cody Kline looks up from his work in Mrs. Downeys class-room at School Street Elementary School, March 3rd. He is reading an article to fi nd support for an argument he will write about the goodness of white milk or choc-olate milk.

Cody Likes Lesson

Bradford Journal PhotoLeft to right, Chase Dinch, and Dakota Baker, give us a smile in Mrs. McGinniss fi fth grade classroom, at School Street El-ementary School, March 9th. They have completed their English assignment and are now occupying themselves with Fast-Math on the computer, while waiting for their next class to begin.

Wait For Class To Begin


SON, Feb. 24, 2015, to Tasha Hedlund and Ted Buckley, Bradford, PA.SON, Feb. 27, 2015, to Cynthia and Devon Higley, Bradford, PA.DAUGHTER, Feb. 27, 2015, to Jessica and Christopher Minich, Bradford, PA.

BIRTHS

(Continued from page 4)

OBITUARIES

In addition to his wife, he was preceded in death by his parents; two sons, Billy Davis and Robert Wilson; a daughter-in-law, Joyce Davis; two sisters; and three brothers. Burial was in Willow Dale Cemetery, Bradford, PA.

Helen Keesler Helen J. Keesler, 88, of Bradford, passed away on Thursday (Feb. 26, 2015) at the Pavilion at Bradford Regional Medical Center. She was born on March 1, 1926 in Bradford, a daughter of the late Carl A. and Leona C. Funk Johnson. She was a 1944 graduate of the Bradford Area High School. On Nov. 19, 1945 in Bradford, she married Donald A. Keesler, who survives. She was a member of the West Branch United Methodist Church. Every sum-mer after their retirement, Helen and her husband would travel to Frewsburg, N.Y. and camp until the fall. She was employed by Zippo Manufacturing Co. for 30 plus years; retiring in 1986. In addition to her husband of 69 years, Donald A. Keesler of Bradford, she is also survived by one daughter, Carol Felm-lee of Bradford; one sister, Arlene Clark of Bradford; one daughter-in-law, Laura Keesler of Gifford; three grandsons, Ste-ven Larson of Colorado Springs, Colo., Adam Felmlee of Port Allegany and Scott Larson of Bradford; three greatgrand-daughters, Abby Larson, Rae el Larson and Haleigh Felmlee; and several nieces and nephews. In addition to her parents she was also preceded in death by one son, James Keesler. Burial was in Willow Dale Cemetery, Bradford, PA.

Nancy Campbell Nancy T. Campbell, a loving wife, mother, and grandmother, 62, of 48 Walk-er Ave., passed away on Friday (Feb. 27, 2015) surrounded by her loving family at Bradford Regional Medical Center. Born Sept. 27, 1952, in Bradford, she was a daughter of the late Louis R. and Ruth Bradish Borsa Sr. On Sept. 18, 1970 in North Carolina, she married James R. Martin, who preceded her in death. On June 21, 1988 in Bradford, she married Craig L. Campbell, who survives. Mrs. Campbell was a 1970 graduate of Bradford Area High School. She had worked for her cousins, the Dodaro Fam-ily, her entire career, as a waitress, at Cae-sars Cove, Legends and Anthonys Res-taurant. She was a member of the Italian American Progressive Club, and she vol-unteered at CARE for Children. In addition to her husband she is sur-vived by two daughters, Tina M. Martin of Bradford and Lisa S. Martin of Erie; two brothers, Peter (Anne) Borsa and Louis Borsa Jr., all of Chicago; three grand-children, Tyler James Martin, C. Maximo Martin- Paterniti and Robert W. King Jr.; and several nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her par-ents; one brother Arthur L. Borsa; and one sister Rosanne Backer.

Robert Confer Robert Confer, 95, of 394 W. Washing-ton St., passed away Thursday (Feb. 26, 2015) at The Pavilion at Bradford Region-al Medical Center. Born in Venus, Pa., on Sept. 27, 1919, a son of the late John L. and Verna I. Good-man Confer. On Dec. 27, 1943, in Bradford, he mar-ried Ruth Beebe Diller Confer, who survives. Mr. Confer attended Bradford schools. He had been employed at Kendall Refi nery for 19 years and then at National Transit Co. for 20 years, retiring in 1981 as a supervisor. He was a member of the National Transit Retirees and AARP. In addition to his wife of 71 years, he is survived by a daughter, Linda L. (Larry) Esch of Barboursville, Va.; and a son, Douglas A. Confer of Bradford; fi ve grandchildren; six great-grandchildren; and several nieces and nephews. He was preceded in death by his par-ents; two sisters, Florence Ludwig and Vi-olet Voorhies; and six brothers, Cecil Con-fer, Francis Confer, Herbert Confer, Philip Confer, George Confer and Jack Confer.

Robert Hendryx Robert Kennedy Hendryx, 88, of Brad-ford, passed away on Tuesday (March 3, 2015) at the Pavilion at Bradford Regional Medical Center.

He was born on Feb. 4, 1927 in Brad-ford, a son of the late Thomas Kennedy and Francis Crawford Hendryx. He was a 1944 graduate of the Brad-ford Area High School. After separation from the Navy in 1946, he entered Cornell University where he received a fi ve year Bachelor of Architecture Degree in 1951. He was a member of the architectural fra-ternal organization LOgive and Honorary Society, Gargoyle. He graduated with dis-tinction. On June 16, 1951 in St. Michaels Epis-copal Church in Litchfi eld, Conn., he mar-ried Lois Ongley who survives. He was an active member of his fathers architectural fi rm for many years and later as an independent practitioner. He designed and built many private homes, schools and hospitals. In Bradford he de-signed the SPCA, Futures Rehabilitation Center, George G. Blaisdell School and most recently the Bradford Area Public Library. He built the fi rst swimming pool in the USA with a moveable fl oor at the Olean YMCA. He held a certifi cate from the National Council of Architectural Registration Boards and was registered in both Pennsylvania and New York. He was a member of the American Institute of Ar-chitects and Northwest Chapter of Penn-sylvania. His many community activities in-cluded membership in Rotary, Citizens Advisory Committee on Community Im-provement, United Fund, The Salvation Army Advisory Board, past president of the Bradford Film Society and the Trustee of the First United Presbyterian Church. He was an avid skier and a member of the National Ski Patrol System. He skied in Europe, Canada and many U.S. areas. He also enjoyed archery and sail boating as well. In addition to his wife of 63 years, Lois Hendryx of Bradford, he is also survived by one daughter, Melanie (Donald) Black of Tulsa, Okla.; one brother, Thomas C. Hendryx of Bradford; fi ve grandchildren and several nieces and nephews. In addition to his parents he was also pre-ceded in death by one son, Mark Hendryx. At the familys request there will be no visitation. Private services will be held at the convenience of the family. Memorial contributions in his memory can be made to the Bradford Area Public Library, 67 West Washington Street, Brad-

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ON THE HEALTHY SIDENew Treatment For Undiagnosed Sports

Injuries -- From Your Dentist

(NewsUSA) - Sports-related inju-ries are common and, when an athlete is hurt, care follows a proven, long-standing protocol of rehabilitation. But what happens when impact occurs to the head, face or jaw, and -- at the time -- no immediate injury is diagnosed? Weeks, months or even years later, many of these players begin to expe-rience headaches, TMJ/D, migraines, vertigo or tinnitus -- estimated to im-pact 50 million people in the U.S. to some degree. Undiagnosed head trauma from sports injuries -- or other types of im-pact, including minor car accidents -- is one of the most common causes we see of chronic headaches, migraine, tinni-tus and vertigo, says Dr. Ben Burris, an orthodontist with 28 clinics in Ar-kansas. Now, these long-term and some-times debilitating conditions can often be resolved with a painless, non-inva-sive treatment without drugs or needles -- and all at the dentists offi ce. `For over three years, we have been able to help patients with conditions caused by sports injuries, says Dr. Tad Morgan of Tyler, Texas. If you dam-aged your knee or shoulder, you would go to the sports medicine clinic for re-hab. With injuries to the head, face or jaw, rehab was unavailable until the ad-vent of TruDenta care. Once diagnosed using a painless, digitally enhanced process, patients re-ceive treatment through a proprietary combination of FDA-cleared, low-lev-el laser therapy, therapeutic ultrasound and other modalities. Each of these was originally developed by MDs in sports medicine to speed the healing of joints and force-related traumas. The TruDen-ta system can quickly resolve issues in the head, neck, face and jaw, which people may have suffered for years. Many of our patients with chronic headaches and migraines are females who have played sports

AICR HealthTalk-by Karen Collins, MS, RD, CDN

American Institute for Cancer Research Q: Rye bread is highlighted as part of the new Nordic diet that is supposedly so healthy. Is rye bread a whole grain? A: Just as with wheat bread, the nutritional quality of grain - rye bread depends on the type of fl our used to make it. Dark rye bread, such as pumpernickel, is often a whole-grain product, but light rye breads frequently contain mostly refi ned fl our. Scandinavian-style rye fl atbread crackers are often whole grain. Check the list of in-gredients and look for the words whole rye to top the list, since that is the primary ingredient. You dont need to restrict yourself exclusively to whole grains, but they do provide much more nutritionally than refi ned grains. With all their extra fi ber, vitamins B-6 and E, magnesium, zinc, and protective plant compounds (phytochemicals), its smart to choose whole grains for most of your grain products.Whole grains vary in nutrient and phytochemical content; each has something to offer. All whole grains are high in fi ber and help reduce risk for colorectal cancer. Whole-grain rye tends to be especially high in lignans, which some studies suggest might play a role in reducing breast cancer risk. Like other whole grains, rye contains natural compounds, including phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols and others, that limited studies suggest could affect cell signaling, gene expression and antioxidant defenses to reduce cancer risk. Since much of this research has been in isolated cells and animals, we need more studies. Meanwhile, dont misinterpret the latest interest in rye as suggesting you give up on whole wheat and other whole grains. Let it be a reminder of the potential benefi ts of making a variety of whole grains part of your daily eating habits.

-- soccer, gymnastics or even cycling, says Dr. Richard Hughes of Sandy, Utah. The common denominator is some form of undiagnosed head trauma which was not properly rehabilitated and resulted in long-term painful symp-toms.TruDenta doctors report rapidly resolv-ing these issues for the majority of pa-tients with long-lasting results. Care is often covered by medical insurance,

and TruDenta doctors provide a free consultation. We are excited to help these pa-tients in 12 weeks or less without drugs or needles, says Dr. Jeffrey Mastroianni of Glen Car-bon, Illinois. It is truly life-changing for many. To download the free e-book Start Living Pain Free, visit www.TruDen-ta.com/NUSA or call 844-202-2651.

Bradford Journal PhotoOn March 9th at School Street Elementary School, Mrs. McGinnis (in the background) demonstrates the size of a milliliter to members of her fi fth grade classroom. They had completed a section on metric length, and they were now moving on to the metric measurement of liquids that is already widely used in the U.S. for the basic measure-ment of soft drinks and water. These are primarily designated in units and subunits of liters.

Mrs. McGinnis Demonstrates The Milliliter


PA 4-H WeekPA 4-H WeekMarch 15 - 21, 2015March 15 - 21, 2015

Whats It All About?

HISTORY OF 4-HHow It All Began: An American innovation, the 4-H youth develop-ment program of the Cooperative Extension origi-nated at the turn of the century because of a vital need to improve life in rural areas. Introducing im-proved methods of farming and homemaking, 4-H taught youth to learn by doing. The yearly program in one of those early clubs consisted of growing corn, planting a garden, testing soil, club meetings, and visits to club members plots and exhibits. There was a close affi liation between the school and the home in this early 4-H program--adults in the family were often persuaded to adopt new practices because of the successes experienced by the 4-H youth. The fi rst record of any known 4-H type activity was in 1898. Liberty Hyde Bailey of Cornell Univer-sity inaugurated a system of junior naturalist leafl ets in rural schools and assisted in the organization of nature study clubs. The year 1907 marked the beginning of 4-H work under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Agricul-ture. In 1914 the Smith-Lever Act established Coopera-tive Extension, an organizational entity of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the land-grant college system. The Cooperative Extension Service was to conduct educational programs of an informal, non-resident, problem-oriented nature. Cooperative Ex-tension provided the professional staff and support needed to direct the growth of the early 4-H pro-gram.The Early Years: In 1915 there were 4-H clubs in 47 states. During World War I, the energies of 4-H members were de-voted to raising food. Projects were raising corn and canning tomatoes. Following a period of readjustment after World War I, 4-H club work showed a contin-ual growth. Some states developed 4-H programs in close relationship to local school districts. Others established clubs as community programs separate from schools. The term 4-H was fi rst used in a federal publica-tion written in 1918 by Gertrude Warren, one of the pioneers of 4-H. In the early 1920s a group at a conference in Washington, D.C., discussed the need to give boys and girls club work a distinctive name that could be used nationally. Several people, including Miss Warren, favored 4-H as the name for the organi-zation. In 1924, Boys and Girls Club work became known as 4-H. The pledge was adopted in 1927. As the 4-H program continued to grow through the 1920s and 1930s more emphasis was placed on the development of the individual rather than the product produced. The focus of the program was the development of skills in farming and homemaking.

A major change occurred during World War II when much effort was directed toward victory gar-dens, civilian defense, salvage programs, and bond campaigns as well as food preservation. The victory garden program also brought 4-H to urban people.Expansion to New Audiences and New Places: The 1950s and 1960s saw increasing numbers of non-farm youth enrolling in the program. In 1948, 4-H went international with the establishment of the International Four-H Youth Exchange (IFYE, fi rst called the International Farm Youth Exchange.) Today Cooperative Extension and its 4-H pro-grams serve people in towns, cities, and rural areas with information on agriculture, family living, com-munity development, and related subjects. 4-H: An American Idea 1900-1980 is a documented history of 4-H written by Thomas Wessel and Mari-lyn Wessel. Copies may be ordered through the National 4-H Council, 7100 Connecticut Avenue, Chevy Chase, MD20815-4999. 4-H Around the World: The growth of 4-H around the world has been impressive. 4-H type clubs now exist in at least 80 countries; they have a total membership of over four million young people. It is virtually impossible to travel to any corner of the globe and not en-counter the familiar clover symbol. Famous 4-H Alumni: Nearly 50 million Americans from all walks of life have been 4-H members. A few of the more famous 4-H alumni are Roy Rogers, John Denver, Dolly Par-ton, Alan Shepard, Don Meredith, Tom Wopat, Char-ley Pride, Orville Redenbacher and Reba McIntyre.

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Bradford Journal PhotoDestiny Sharp looks up from her comput-er during Mrs. Downeys fi fth grade Eng-lish class, March 9th, at the School Street Elementary School. She is doing research to fi nd support for her argument against drinking chocolate milk.

Research For Article


ford, PA 16701. Funeral arrangements are entrusted to the care of the Mascho Funeral Home Inc. Online condolences can be expressed at www.maschofuneral.com

Cindy Chastain Cindy A. Chastain, 65, of 15 Thomp-son Ave., passed away Monday (March 2, 2015) at her residence. Born March 8, 1949, in Bradford, she was a daughter of the late Robert E. and Nellie Ellen Hook Patterson. On June 14, 1986 in Bradford, she mar-ried Peter A. Chastain V, who survives. Mrs. Chastain was a 1967 graduate of Bradford High School. After graduation, she worked for a time at Bell Telephone. In 1972, she went to work for the Brad-ford Hospital as a nurses aid and worked there until 1987. She was a child of the Most High God, and will be remembered as a woman of amazing faith. In addition to her husband, she is sur-vived by two sisters, Robin (David) Walk-er of Lewis Run and Amy (Phil) McFarlin of Meadville; two nieces, Nicole (Todd Hamer) McFarlin and Terra (Brad) Greb

and two nephews, Joel Walker and Eric (Shelby) McFarlin. At Mrs. Chastains request, there will be no visitation and funeral services will be private. Memorial contributions, if de-sired, can be made to the charity of the do-nors choice. Arrangements are under the direction of the Hollenbeck-Cahill Funeral Homes Inc. On line condolences may be made at www.hollenbeckcahill.com

Richard Wixson Sr. Richard R. Wixson Sr., 77, of 19 Miller St., passed away Tuesday (March 3, 2015) at his residence, surrounded by is loving family. Born March 12, 1937 in Bradford, he was a son of the late Frederick and Eve-lyn Shipman Wixson. On Sept. 22, 1956 in St. Bernard Church, he married Vivian Mary Pascale Wixson, who preceded him in death. He attended Bradford schools. He man-aged several service stations in the Cleve-land, Ohio, area for many years. He re-turned to Bradford and worked for Race Buick, detailing cars. In his later years, he worked as a greeter for Walmart. He was an avid outdoors man, enjoyed camping,

hunting and fi shing as well as enjoying music and playing the guitar. He also en-joyed reading the Bible. He is survived by four daughters, Do-lores (Christopher) Stratton of Bradford, Roxann (Donald) Lincoln in Ohio, Cyn-thia Wixson in Ohio and Vivian (Shan-non) Shroyer of Eldred; ason, Richard Wixson Jr. of Bradford; 16 grandchildren, Michelle Sprester, Tina Allen, James Wixson, Christopher Strat-ton Jr., Donald Lincoln III, Steven Lin-coln, Joey Wixson, Shannon Wojtkie-wicz, Kevin Kerscmar, Brian Wixson, Justin Wixson, Nathanael Shroyer, Han-nah Shroyer, Britni Wixson, Taylor Wix-son and Serena Wixson; 19 great-grand-children with one great grandchild and a greatgreat-grandchild on the way; a broth-er, Ronald (Joyce) Wixson in Ohio;and many nieces and nephews and his companion, Natalie Reynolds. In addition to his wife and parents, he was preceded in death by four sisters, Jean Drugg, Bar-bara Neely, Sandra Heysham and Greta June Wixson; and four brothers, Robert Wixson, William Wixson, Sonny Wixson and James Wixson.

(Continued on page 14)

OBITUARIES(Continued from page 6)


On St. Patricks Day Everybodys Irish!Save your green here!

Timeless Treasures



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On St. Patricks DayThursday, March 17millions of people will don green and celebrate the Irish with parades, good cheer, and perhaps a pint of beer. The modern celebration of St. Patricks Day really has almost nothing to do with the real man. For starters, the real St. Patrick wasnt even Irish. He was born in Britain around A.D. 390 to an aristocratic Christian family with a townhouse, a coun-try villa, and plenty of slaves. According to St. Patricks Day lore, Pat-rick used the three leaves of a shamrock to explain the Christian holy trinity: the Fa-ther, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The custom of wearing a shamrock dates back to the 17th and 18th centuries. A St. Patrick myth is the claim that he banished snakes from Ireland. Its true no snakes exist on the island today, but they never did. Ireland, after all, is surrounded by icy ocean watersmuch too cold to al-low snakes to migrate from Britain or any-where else.

Until the 1970s, St. Patricks Day in Ire-land was a minor religious holiday. A priest would acknowledge the feast day, and fam-ilies would celebrate with a big meal, but that was about it. The modern St. Patricks Day was basi-cally invented in America by Irish-Ameri-cans. Eighteenth-century Irish soldiers fight-ing with the British in the U.S. Revolution-ary War held the first St. Patricks Day pa-rades. Some soldiers, for example, marched through New York City in 1762 to reconnect with their Irish roots. Sometime in the 19th century, as St. Pat-ricks Day parades were flourishing, wear-ing the color green became a show of com-mitment to Ireland On any given day 5.5 million pints of Guinness, the famous Irish stout brand, are consumed around the world. But on St. Patricks Day, that number more than dou-bles to 13 million pints

St. Patricks Day Trivia


FAMILY FEATURES

When al fresco entertaining calls for some flavorfulinspiration, look to the fresh and abundant offeringsof Mediterranean cuisine.

Inspired by its coastal origins, traditional Greek dishesfeature a colorful collection of fruits, vegetables, grains,legumes and grilled fare. Whether youre serving friends witha themed event or simply enjoying a homemade meal with thefamily, delicious Greek cuisine is perfect for sharing withthose you love.

From raw to roasted, pickled to caramelized, the onion isone of the most versatile vegetables, and is commonly foundamong the many fresh flavors of this fare. Plus, when youcook with the mighty onion, youre serving up a good sourceof vitamin C.

The growers and shippers of the Idaho-Eastern OregonOnion Committee and the National Onion Association offerthe following tips about onions:

One large onion, diced equals about 1 cup fresh and 1/4 cup cooked.

Grill and saute onions over low to medium heat. This will bring out a savory, sweet, mellow flavor. High heatcan cause the onion to taste bitter.

Store onions in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place withminimal exposure to light.

Keep peeled and cut onions in a sealed container in therefrigerator for seven to 10 days.

For more tips and ideas to add flavor to your outdoorcelebrations, visit www.onions-usa.org and www.usaonions.com.

Lentil Salad with Marinated Onions, Roasted Tomatoes and OlivesServings: 68

23 medium tomatoes cut into eight wedges1 (9.5-ounce) jar whole, pitted Greek olives, drained4 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil1 tablespoon balsamic vinegar8 thyme sprigs, leaves removed

Sea salt1 1/3 cups lentils

1/2 medium red onion, thinly sliced1 1/2 tablespoons red wine vinegar

2 garlic cloves, pressed1 medium cucumber, chopped1 (12-ounce) jar artichoke hearts, sliced

1/4 cup parsley, chopped3 tablespoons chives, chopped

2/3 cup crumbled feta1 tablespoon lemon juice

Fresh ground black pepper

Preheat oven to 400F. On medium-sized baking sheet linedwith parchment paper, arrange tomatoes skin side down. Adddrained olives to pan; drizzle with 1 tablespoon olive oil andbalsamic vinegar. Sprinkle with thyme leaves and sea salt.Roast for 20 minutes. Remove from oven and cool completely.

Cook lentils according to package directions, approximately20 minutes.

While lentils are cooking, place red onion in small bowl.Pour red wine vinegar over onions and sprinkle with sea salt.Stir and let stand at room temperature while lentils are cooking.

When lentils finish cooking, drain if needed. In large bowlcombine lentils, marinated red onion, garlic and remainingolive oil. Mix well and cool completely. When cool, combinerest of ingredients with lentils. Serve cold.

Turkey and Onion Meatball Kebabswith Yogurt Dipping SauceServings: 6 large or 9 small kebabs

1 tablespoon cumin seed1 cup plain yogurt1 tablespoon chopped cilantro1 tablespoon chopped chives

3/4 teaspoon honey1/4 teaspoon salt

1 pound ground turkey3 cloves garlic, chopped2 teaspoons lemon zest

1/4 teaspoon kosher salt1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper

1 large yellow onion, peeled and cut in thin wedges

1 green pepper, cut into 1-inch dices12 cherry tomatoes

Heat small pan over medium heat. Add cumin seedsto toast. Stir frequently, for about 3 minutes or untilseeds are fragrant and slightly browned. Removeseeds to spice grinder or mortar and pestle; grind tomoderately fine powder.

In medium bowl, combine yogurt, cilantro,chives, honey, salt and 1 teaspoon ground toastedcumin. Cover and refrigerate at least 1 hour.

In second medium bowl, combine turkey, garlic,lemon zest, salt, cayenne and 1 teaspoon groundtoasted cumin; mix gently but thoroughly. Shapeinto eighteen 1 1/2-inch meatballs.

Preheat grill. On metal skewers (or bambooskewers soaked in water 30 minutes), thread meat -ball, onion wedge, pepper square and cherry tomato.Repeat. Finish skewer with another meat ball andonion wedge.

Grill until meatballs reach internal temperature of160F, turning as needed. Serve immediately withdipping sauce.

For mini-skewers, use 2 meatballs, 2 onionwedges, 1 cherry tomato and 1 pepper square oneach skewer.

Orange, Mint and Onion SaladServings: 6

3 navel oranges1/2 sweet yellow onion, peeled and thinly sliced1/4 cup fresh mint leaves, torn1/4 cup black olives, oil cured, pitted

Vinaigrette:1/3 cup cider vinegar

2 tablespoons honey2 teaspoons Dijon mustard

1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon1/2 teaspoon salt1/4 cup canola oil

For salad, cut top and bottom off each orange so itsits flat on cutting surface. Remove peel and pith(white part) by taking sharp knife and running itdown sides of orange from top to bottom, followingshape of each orange. Slice oranges into rounds.

Arrange slices, overlapping each other slightly, on large platter. Scatter onion, mint and olives over oranges.

For vinaigrette, whisk vinegar with honey,mustard, cinnamon and salt. Slowly add oil whilewhisking constantly, until well combined.

Drizzle vinaigrette over salad and serveimmediately.

Note: Any leftover dressing can be stored, tightlycovered, in refrigerator for up to 5 days.


THATS ENTERTAINMENT!

Solution on page 14

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CROSSWORD SOLUTION SUDOKU SOLUTION

Rose Charnisky Rose M. Charnisky, 86, of Bradford, passed away on Wednesday (March 4, 2015) at her grandsons home. She was born on Nov. 13, 1928 in Brad-ford, a daughter of the late Joseph and Maggie Pascarella Lombardo. She was a 1946 graduate of the Brad-ford Area High School. On Aug. 22, 1953 in the St. Bernard Catholic Church she married Joseph F. Charnisky III. He pre-ceded her in death on November 8, 1980. She was employed by Zippo Manufac-turing Co., from 1965 until her retirement in 1996. She was a member of the St. Ber-nard Catholic Church, the La Stella Lodge Ladies Auxiliary, 50+ and the Marche Club. She loved spending time with her family and friends. Surviving are one son, Charles (Lori) Charnisky Sr. of Bradford; one sister, Mary Coy of Bradford; two grandsons, Charles (Amanda) Charnisky Jr. of Bradford, and Doug Charnisky; one granddaughter, Jen-nifer (Bob) Thomas of Bradford; two great-grandsons, Brandon Charnisky and Bryce Thomas, both of Bradford; two greatgranddaughters, Rylee Charnisky and Peyton Thomas, both of Bradford; and several nieces and nephews. In addition to her parents and husband she was also preceded in death by one son, Joseph Charnisky IV; three brothers, John Lombardo, Russell Lombardo and Vin-cent Lombardo; and one sister, Ann Flynn. Entombment will be in St. Bernard Cemetery, Bradford, PA.

Dorothy Anderson Dorothy Louise Jansen Anderson, 88, of Chapel Ridge, formerly of 184 N. Ben-nett St., passed away Saturday (Feb. 28, 2015) peacefully at the Bradford Regional Medical Center. Born Dec. 8, 1926 in Buffalo, N.Y., she was a daughter of the late Allen S. and Irene Holmlund Jansen.

She was a 1945 graduate of Bradford High School and earned her Bachelors of Science in Home Economics and Child Development in 1949 from Penn State. In May of 1949 in St. Pauls Methodist Church in State College, she was installed as the fi rst president of the newly formed Alpha Kappa Chapter Kappa Phi, a na-tional organization for campus Method-ist women. Dorothy returned to Bradford and from 1950 to 1955 she conducted the Jansen Nursery Pre-school and from 1959 to 1974 she was the offi ce manager for Jansen Dental Laboratories. On July 1, 1955, in the First United Methodist Church, she married Maurice H. Anderson, who died on May 27, 2000. She was a member of First United Methodist Church, Bradford, and served

on various committees and headed the nursery and toddler departments. She was a member of and past president of AAUW and the Bradford Womens Literary Club. Surviving are several cousins including Jim Holmlund in Northern Ireland, Dave Holmlund in New Jersey, Nancy Swan-son in Idaho, Jon Holmlund in Califor-nia, Steve Holmlund in California, Mark Holmlund in California, Jeff Holmlund in Texas, Marilyn Wadsworth in New York, Sidney Ponturo in Maryland and Becky Allen in Florida; close friends and caregiv-ers including Linda Flynn, Marlene Zim-merman, Rita Hogan and Merle Swartzen-trooper. Burial will be in McKean Memorial Park, Lafayette, PA.

(Continued from page 10)

OBITUARIES

Bradford Journal PhotoFifth grade students in Mrs. Downeys classroom look up from their reading materi-als as they wait for the English and writing class to begin, March 9th, at School Street Elementary School. From the left, clockwise around are Drage Waterman, Riley Cleve-land, Dalton Dixon, and Alyssa Westfall. This was their last class in the morning before lunch, and not that they liked English less, but if given a choice, they say they would rather be going to lunch.

Students Wait For Next Lesson To Begin


Bradford TOPS ClubsArticle submitted

TOPS chapter #1704 met Thurs-day, evening, March 5, at the local YMCA with a loss of 3.6 pounds. The best loser and offi cer of the week was Silvana Reed. Denise Thrush was the loser in waiting. In the month of February the chap-ter lost 17.4 pounds and crowned Queens Penny Ackley and Denise Thrush. Ice cream is the forbidden food of the week and members are reminded that measurements will be done next week.

Article submitted Leader Vickie Johnson opened the Thursday afternoon, March 5, meet-ing of Tops ( take off pounds sensibil-ity) at the First Presbyterian Church with the Tops Pledge. Happy Birthday was sang to March birthdays. Carole Van Sickle read Roll Call with 18 members weighing in with a loss of 23.75 ponds loss. Best Loser of the Week, Best Loser in Waiting and Offi cer of The Week was Vickie Johnson.. The Household Hint by Linda Hedlund was,Daffodils, dont mix cut daffodils with other cut fl owers as the daffodils produce a toxin that kills off the other fl owers Inspirations by Bev Hannon, I spilled spot remover on my dog and now he is gone. Then Joke was given by Jean Miller, and the Fashion Tip was everyone should have a white blouse in their closet to dress up for any occasion . The forbidden food for the week is Jelly Beans. The meeting was adjourned with the Friendship Circle and the Tops Prayer.

Looking For Scouts We are looking for boys ages 5-11 years old to join our Cub Scout Pack #416. We are the oldest Cub Scout Pack in Bradford, and want your children to become a part of our ongoing tradition. We meet Tuesday nights from 6:30 to 7:30 pm at the Bradford Public Li-brary. All boys are wel-come, including those with disabili-ties and special needs. We believe that all children can learn and have fun as scouts. Summer camping is coming, be sure to get in on the fun! Please contact Ernest Lathrop at 814-598-5007 or Chris Lawton at 814-596-0006 for more information.

Bradford Journal PhotoAlyssa Westfall stops reading for a mo-ment for this photo. A fi fth grade student in Mrs. Downeys class at School Street Elementary School, she is reading and an-alyzing an article, March 9th, to fi nd facts to support her contention that drinking chocolate milk is unhealthy.

Enjoys The Assignment

Bradford Journal PhotoAutumn Edgar-Taylor completes a read-ing test in the hallway at School Street Elementary School, March 9th. She is almost fi nished and is about to return to Mrs. McGinnis fi fth grade classroom for some math.

Taking Reading Test


McKean County LiveStock Club News

On Sunday, March 1, the McKean County LiveStock Club met at the-Church in Coleville. The meeting was called to order by our leader, KimTanner. There was one guest, Marcia Lamar ,and six members present. Ann Dun-kerton was the guest speaker and pre-sented John Post with the Prudential Award. There was a new member that joined also, Jethro Smith. The American Pledge was done by Mikayla Sallada and the 4-H Pledge was done by Harley Corle. The members elected offi cers for the year, they are asfollows: President: JohnPost; Vice President: Mikayla Sallada; Secretary: Harley Corle; Treasurer: Morgan Corle; News Reporter: Tucker Smith; Game Leader: Jethro Smith Members discussed their agenda for the year. They will be collecting pop tabs for St. Judes and sending them to the telethon by a 4-H member. They also discussed cleaning up ceme-tery and trying to keep it more present-able. Window display ideas were dis-

cussed and it was noted that they will be settingit up on March 14th. Club members are doing a hoagie sale to benefi t 4-H events for the coming year and to also make some items for the Shriners Children in Erie, PA. The members will be doing a scrapbook

page of themselves of some fun things they did in 4-H. Anybody that isinterested in joining 4-H please call the Cooperative Exten-sion Offi ce at887-5613. The next club meeting will be held on April 5th at 2pm.

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Bradford Journal PhotoOn the left is Christian Eaton and on the right is Garrett Meyers, fi fth grade students in Mrs. Downeys English class at School Street Elementary School, March 9th. They are reading an article to fi nd information to support their positions on whether to drink white milk or chocolate milk. Christian is for chocolate milk while Garrett is for white.

Read To Support Positions On Chocolate Milk

Bradford Journal PhotoFifth grade students in Mrs. McGinnis room look up from their math workbooks for a photo, March 9th, at School Street Elementary School. They are practicing converting liters to milliliters and milliliters to liters. They tell us that this type of practice requires a lot of thinking.

Expressing Milliliters In Terms Of Liters

Bradford Journal PhotoMrs. Downey explains the English and writing lesson to her fi fth grade students at School Street Elementary School, March 9th. Read the article, fi nd supporting information, and write your argument. When you write, make sure that you sup-port your opinions with facts.

Heres The Assignment


Student News The following students from Adams County have been named to the Fall 2014 deans list at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Students achieve deans list status when they are full-time (12 or more credits) with a grade point av-erage of 3.25 or higher. A complete list-ing of deans list students is available at

http://www.iup.edu/page.aspx?id=188079 Deans List students, their home-towns, majors and degrees they are seeking are: Bradford: Payton Olympia Ambro-se, Munn Road, B.S. in Nursing; Eliza-beth Margaret Coppella, West Washing-ton Street, B.S. in Physical Education and Sport/Exercise Science; Elizabeth Ann Girard, Cornen Street, B.A. in Psy-chology; Jennifer Lynn Leposa, Euclid Avenue, B.S.Ed. in Early Childhood and Special Education; Megan Eliza-beth McIntyre, Barbour Street, B.A. in English/Writing Studies; MacKenzie Renee Race, Fleetwood Drive, B.S. in Natural Science/Pre-Pharmacy; Taylor Reed Roggenbaum, Bon Air Avenue, B.S.Ed. in Speech-Language Patholo-gy and Audiology; Alexander Michael Swackhamer, Totten Hollow, B.S.Ed. in Music Education Duke Center: Sara Elizabeth Drum-mond, Oil Valley Road, Undeclared College of Humanities and Social Sci-ences Eldred: Dillon Arland Sutton, Route 155, B.S. in Physical Education and Sport/Exercise Science Kane: Kathryn Margaret Bizzak, Route 66, B.S. in Nursing; Tara Elinor-Kae Gordon, West Pine Avenue, B.S. in Nutrition/Dietetics; Andrew W. Pierson, Yarnell Street, B.S. in Ac-counting; Elizabeth Anne Tunall, South Settlement Road, B.S. in Natural Sci-ence/Pre-Optometry Lewis Run: Shelby Lynn Runyan, Big Shanty Road, B.S.Ed. in Business Education, BSED Ludlow: Maria Jane Newton, East Main Street, B.S. in International Busi-ness Mount Jewett: Kelley Rae Chilson, McClellan Avenue, B.A. in Honors Program in Psychology Port Allegany: Wesley Camdon Caulkins, Route 155, B.F.A. in Music Performance; Krista Jean Miller, Kath-erine Street, B.S. in Nursing Rixford: Margaret Grace Decker, Clark Street, B.S. in Nursing.

Bradford Journal PhotoStudents look up for a photo during a fi fth grade English lesson in Mrs. McGinnis classroom at School Street Elementary School, March 9th. Left to right are Talom Miller, Samuel Rumsey, and Jaydon Warnick. Talom has fi nished the assignment and is playing a fast-math game on the computer, while Samuel and Jaydon are reading The Eagles Are Back prior to writing an article.

Fifth Grade Students Occupy Themselves

Bradford Journal PhotoOn March 9th, Khadijah Thomas on the left, and Jacey Casper on the right, fi fth graders in Mrs. McGinnis classroom at School Street Elementary School concentrate intently on their assignment- doing a page in their math workbooks to practice the conversion of liters to milliliters and milliliters to liters.

Students Practice Working With Metric System


CHRONOLOGICAL LISTINGSEngagements, Marriages, Births & Deaths

ENGAGEMENTS:

BURTCH/MOONAN - Brittany Burtch of McCleary, Wash., daughter of Jack and Paula Burtch of Tumwater, Wash., and Tom Moonan of McCleary, son of Donna and Mike Black of Bradford and Robert Moo-nan of Rew, have an-nounced their plan to wed. The groom-elect is a graduate of Smethport Area Junior-Senior High School. A wedding is planned for July 4 at The Riverbend Ranch in Tenino, Wash.

MARRIAGES:(None)

BIRTHS:

FEB. 24, 2015:SON, to Tasha Hed-lund and Ted Buck-

YOUR WEEKLY HOROSCOPE MARCH 12 - MARCH 18, 2015

ARIES - (Mar. 21 - Apr. 19)A carefully constructed response will ensure you keep peace whilst freeing yourself from an obligation or commitment youre not quite ready to take on.TAURUS - (Apr. 20 - May 20)Never mind the backward step, its the one forward that will delight you.GEMINI - (May 21 - June 20)The price of accepting whats good will involve letting go of whats no longer need-ed .CANCER - (June 21 - July 22)Be welcoming of whats trying to alter in a necessary way.LEO - (July 23, - Aug. 22)This week, relax and allow yourself to be led for a change.VIRGO - (Aug. 23 - Sept. 22)This week, you might focus too intently upon what has been lost through attaining something valuable. LIBRA - (Sept. 23 - Oct. 22)A vision or dream is not nearly as far-fetched or unattainable as youve allowed yourself to believe.SCORPIO - (Oct. 23 - Nov. 21)Relax and embrace what wants to embrace you.SAGITTARIUS - (Nov. 22 - Dec. 20)This week, what appears to be an obstacle to a cherished plan exists only to en-courage you to stop and reconsider your position and strategy.CAPRICORN - (Dec. 21 - Jan. 20)You can draw an accurate conclusion based on what you know already. Trust that you know enough to do that now.AQUARIUS - (Jan. 21 - Feb. 19)An opportunity to make progress presents itself this week.PISCES - (Feb. 20 - Mar. 20)You have much support available to you. Use it to boost your confi dence and some-thing wonderful can result.

ley, Bradford, PA.FEB. 25, 2015:SON, to Danay Marsh and Matthew Gimbrone, Little Valley, NY.DAUGHTER, to Beth and Scott-Swan, Great Valley, NY.FEB. 26, 2015:SON, to Brittany Elliott an dBrandon Zimmer, Olean, NY.FEB. 27, 2015:SON, to Cynthia and Devon Higley, Bradford, PA.DAUGHTER, to Jessica and Christo-pher Minich, Brad-ford, PA.FEB. 28, 2015:DAUGHTER, to Rebecca Coleman and Anthony Hor-nung, Cyclone, PA.SON, to Jamie and Adam Kemp, Alle-gany, NY.MAR. 1, 2015:

SON, to Paige Isa-man and Allen Howard, Olean, NY.MAR. 2, 2015:SON, to Amanda and Matthew Brzez-inski, Kane, PA.SON, to Katie Grif-fi n and Chris Elliott, Olean, NY.MAR. 3, 2015:SON, to Keri Green and Thomas Haz-zard, Eldred, PA.SON, to Allen Weatherley and Katie Melaro, Alle-gany, NY.DAUGHTER, to Bradley Manning and Nina Reese, Olean, NY.DAUGHTER, to Casi and Brett Lock-wood, Portville, NY.MAR. 4, 2015:SON, to Katie and James Bush, Olean, NY.MAR. 5, 2015:DAUGHTER, to

Alicia Mealy, Smeth-port, PA.MAR. 6, 2015:SON, to Alyssa and Greg Landries, Olean, NY.

DEATHS:

FEB. 18, 2015:HENDRICKSON, Raymond, Ray, Jr., 77, of North Wales.FEB. 20, 2015:PETZOLD, Margo-rie Jean, 79, of Hill-side Ave., Port Alle-gany, PA.FISHER, John Wes-ley Jack, 73, of Lakeville, Mass.FEB. 22, 2015:MOORE, Lorna J. Stuckey, 52, of Wild-wood Dr., Port Al-legany, PA.ZINK, Helen Eng-strom, 98, of Pine-wood Ave., Lititz, PA.FEB. 24, 2015:MERRITT, Mari-

lyn A., 78, of 5361 Nichols Run, Lime-stone, NY.FEB. 25, 2015:COLDREN, John H. Sr., 61, of 367 Boli-var Dr., Bradford, PA.BOGEL, Harry, 80, formerly of Barnes-boro, most recently of Bradford, PA.FITZPATRICK, Ed-ith Ann, 65, of 30 Keating Ave., Brad-ford, PA.HUPFER, Robert J., 85, of 128 Averyville Rd., St. Marys, PA.CARY, Arnold E., 78, of Potter Brook, Westfi eld, PA.FEB. 26, 2015:McINTIRE, Linea L., 62, of Ulysses, PA.BUCH, William L., 80, of Sabinsville, PA.DAVIS, William G., 95, formerly of East Ave., Bradford, PA.DUFFY, Judith Di-ane, 70, of Smeth-port, PA.KEESLER,Helen J., 88, of Bradford, PA.WILSON, Lucille E. Peg, 99, of Shin-glehouse, PA.CONFER, Robert, 95, of 394 W. Wash-ington St., Bradford, PA.FEB. 27, 2015:HICKOFF, Norma Dill, 88, of East Fourth St., formerly of Oak Ln. and Pop-lar St., Emporium, PA.CAMPBELL, Nancy T., 62, of 48 Walker Ave., Bradford, PA.PORTER, Maxine M., 75, of Rixford, PA.DAVIDSON, Peggy L., 81, of Burning Well Rd., Kane, PA.FEB. 28, 2015:MOONEY, Margery A. Minnie, 74, of Ceres, PA.WHITING, Ted A., 74, of 40 W. 5th St., Emporium, PA.ANDERSON, Dor-othy Louise Jansen,

88, of Chapel Ridge, formerly of 184 N. Bennett St., Brad-ford, PA.RAYMOND, Dr. William Asa, 76, of Benton, PA.MAR. 1, 2015:COOK, Richard, 72, of 307 Main St., Kersey, PA.BREM, Alice, 85, of 111 Taylor St., Ker-sey, PA.DARNELL, Shirley A., 67, of 785 John-sonburg Rd., St. Marys, PA, formerly of Ridgway, PA.TUCKER, Susan J. Susie, 61, of 2230 Peet Brook Rd., Genesee, NY.MAR. 2, 2015:DiNARDO, Domi-nic A. Tony, 98, of Elk Haven, St. Mar-ys, PA, formerly of Ridgway Rd., John-sonburg, PA.WARTERS, Jose-phine A. Jo, of 802 Main St., Duke Center, PA.CHIESA, Melvin J. Skip, 83, of 500 South Michael St., St. Marys, PA.FEIDLER, Clarence J., 82, of 927 Fern Rd., St. Marys, PA.CHASTAIN, Cindy A., 65, of 15 Thomp-son Ave., Bradford, PA.SILKIE, Deanna Swank, 73, of Em-porium, PA.MAR. 3, 2015:HENDRYX, Rob-ert Kennedy, 88, of Bradford, PA.YONOSKO, Grace C., 95, of 477 Mon-roe Rd., Sarver, PA.WIXSON, Richard R., 77, of 19 Miller St., Bradford, PA.D O U G H E RT Y, Mary Lanor No-rie, 83, of Kane, PA.MAR. 4, 2015:CHARNISKY,Rose M., 86, of Bradford, PA.MARTIN, Agnes T., 88, of Cole Manor, Coudersport, PA.


JOURNAL CLASSIFIED ADSJOURNAL CLASSIFIED ADS

The Rew Volunteer Fire Department will hold a

Ham & Turkey Party

on Saturday, March 14, 2015

at 7:00 pm

J- 3/5-12/15

CARS &TRUCKS:

2009 GMC Truck plus plow, 25k miles, loaded. 368-5856

APARTMENTS FOR RENT:

1 Bedroom $750Parking/laundryNO PETS814-598-1778

1 BR apt. availableNo Pets716-378-2407

1BR furnished apt.117 Main St., Brad-ford $550/mo incl. W/S/GCall 716-378-3876

1BR upper, all util incl. Off street pkg, $550/mo814-366-2393

2 BR all utilities in-cluded. NO PETS$675.00. Rt. 59, Lewis Run 814-368-3695

2BR Apt in Smeth-port, W/D, off street pkg., no pets. 598-7442

Executive 1BR apt,$465/mo + Sec., util. not included. No pets or smok-ing. 558-4738

Walmart Area: 1BR lower, off street pkg, $425/mo + G & E. Avail-able Immediately

814-558-4506

HOMES FOR RENT:

3 Bed, garage, $750 + utilities, NO smoke/pets. 814-368-8309

For Rent: AvailableMarch 1st. Very nice small 3BR ranch located in Foster Brook area of Bradford. Semi Private w/ large level lot & back patio area to enjoy. 1 pet allowed, no smoking, $900/mo. includes W/S/G.Call 814-598-9292

Nice 2BR, 12 Low-ell Ave, $700/mo. No pets, incl. City util. Call 368-2229

Ranch & 2 story -3BR, 2 bath. Bothnear hospital & schools. NO Smoke/NO Pets.Inc. city util. Sec. dep., credit & ref. $860 & $825. 814-368-7170 ext. 110.

HOMES FOR SALE:

10 Acres, Mt. Jew-ett Farm w/ Pond, low taxes, too much to list,Call info 975-3006

For Sale by PrivateOwner: Very nice small 3BR ranch located in Foster Brook area of Brad-ford. Semi Private w/ large level lot & back patio area to enjoy. House is move in ready. Avery nice buy at 68,000. Call 814-598-9292

3BR house in City for Sale. $30,000.Call 362-4124

WE BUY & SELL: U.S. - Canadian - Foreign Coins

Bradford Coin Shop

15 Chestnut Street, Bradford, PA 814-362-1980 or 814-331-5235

Deal With An Established Shop Established 30 Years

Can Make Housecalls FREE Verbal Appraisals

Zippo Lighters - (New & Used) Case & Other Pocket Knives

Also Coin Supplies Available Here!

Come To Us For Gift Items All Year Long!

We Have Over 1,000 DVD Movies In Stock

We Also Sell:

Old Bottle Collections Jewelry - Dolls - Ceramic Items

Matchbox & Hotwheels Cars Sports Cards

And...An Endless Amount Of Miscellaneous Items!

MISCELLANEOUS:

Queen Sz. bed dresser and stand, Roll top desk, Fu-ton, bookshelf, so-fabed, love seat & 3 tables, stereo cabi-net, fi le cabinet, 2

air conditioners, microwave cart, bakers rackCall 362-4124

FOR SALE:MULCH HAY &

GOOD HAYCall 598-9292

ANNOUNCEMENTS:

Bradford Journal PhotoMrs. McGinnis asks a student, In the met-ric system, what do we use for measuring liquids? It was March 9th in her class-room at School Street Elementary School, and having already given lessons in metric measurement of length (millimeter, cen-timeter, meter, and kilometer), was intro-ducing them to the liter and its associated metric measurements for liquids.

More On Metric System


JUST PASSING TIME

WORD SEEK(Crossword Solution on page 14)

THEME:

MARCH MADNESS

ACROSS

1. Tire pattern6. Small lump9. Confi dence trick13. Blood line14. Hockey legend15. With ample space16. Full of vigor17. Bearded antelope18. Deserving of respect?19. Frozen song21. *Final Four destina-tion23. Bird word24. Result of tying25. Gastrointestinal tract28. Type of word30. Overthrow35. All over again37. Harry Potters mark39. Plural of pileus40. ____ Sorvino41. North Pole workers43. Precedes pong44. Our mother?46. ____-de-camp47. *ESPN analyst and former coach Greenberg48. As opposed to federal50. Chronic drinkers52. Movie theater candy53. Do this upon a star55. Also

gander22. 1990s catchword24. Puck, that shrewd and ____ sprite25. *8 of these in Sweet 1626. Uniate, alternative spelling27. It can be fi rma or incognita29. *School with most titles31. Hearts and diamonds, e.g.32. Applied, as in ones trade33. Slow, musically34. *Elite number36. W on a bulb38. Do over42. Brief fi ght45. Street salesman49. Tall tale51. Woodlouse54. Like old cracker56. Japanese port57. *What the ref did to his whistle58. Babe59. Advil target60. Captain and his party61. Mount Vesuvius output62. Dutch cheese63. Or ____!64. Textile worker67. *Winners memento

57. *Do you fi ll this out?61. *16, e.g.65. Dough or cabbage66. American Nurses As-sociation68. Critically69. Early anesthetic70. Tolstoys given name in Russian71. Tsars edict72. Sound of relief73. Pilots deadline74. Avatars creator

DOWN

1. *Profi le of most NCAA March stars2. Profl igate3. At a previous time, ar-chaic4. V.C. Andrews Flowers in the _____5. *Host of 2015 First Four play-in games6. Canceled7. Mantel piece8. *Mascot of #29 Down9. Musical compositions for one10. Musical fi nale11. End of grace12. Gore Vidals ___ Breckinridge15. High quality hay for cattle20. If its good for the ____, its good for the


On St. Patricks Day Everybodys Irish!Save your green here!

Timeless Treasures



PERSONALIZE YOUR CLOTHING!

Bottorf Embroidery & Screen Printing

For Your Sports Teams And Work Teams

And Holidays Like This!

217 W. Washington Street

Phone 814-362-0536 www.bottorfembroidery.com

Bradford, PA 16701

On St. Patricks DayThursday, March 17millions of people will don green and celebrate the Irish with parades, good cheer, and perhaps a pint of beer. The modern celebration of St. Patricks Day really has almost nothing to do with the real man. For starters, the real St. Patrick wasnt even Irish. He was born in Britain around A.D. 390 to an aristocratic Christian family with a townhouse, a coun-try villa, and plenty of slaves. According to St. Patricks Day lore, Pat-rick used the three leaves of a shamrock to explain the Christian holy trinity: the Fa-ther, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The custom of wearing a shamrock dates back to the 17th and 18th centuries. A St. Patrick myth is the claim that he banished snakes from Ireland. Its true no snakes exist on the island today, but they never did. Ireland, after all, is surrounded by icy ocean watersmuch too cold to al-low snakes to migrate from Britain or any-where else.

Until the 1970s, St. Patricks Day in Ire-land was a minor religious holiday. A priest would acknowledge the feast day, and fam-ilies would celebrate with a big meal, but that was about it. The modern St. Patricks Day was basi-cally invented in America by Irish-Ameri-cans. Eighteenth-century Irish soldiers fight-ing with the British in the U.S. Revolution-ary War held the first St. Patricks Day pa-rades. Some soldiers, for example, marched through New York City in 1762 to reconnect with their Irish roots. Sometime in the 19th century, as St. Pat-ricks Day parades were flourishing, wear-ing the color green became a show of com-mitment to Ireland On any given day 5.5 million pints of Guinness, the famous Irish stout brand, are consumed around the world. But on St. Patricks Day, that number more than dou-bles to 13 million pints

St. Patricks Day Trivia


FAMILY FEATURES

Living an eco-friendly lifestyle starts at home. According to the

U.S. Department of Energy, residential use accounts for more

than one-fifth of the nations total energy consumption. Adopting

an earth-first, energy saving mindset will let you make adjustments

around your home so that you can feel good about your familys con -

tributions to protect the environment.

Green energyImproving your homes energy efficiency is not only good for the planet, its good foryour wallet. After all, wasted energy is money lost in monthly utility bills. Numerousfactors influence a homes energy efficiency, or lack thereof. Air leaks, outdatedappliances or inefficient heating and cooling systems can all negatively impact yourhomes energy usage.

Structural improvementsCorrecting any structural issues can go a long way toward making your home moreefficient. Give your home a thorough inspection to identify and repair leaks and cracksaround windows, doors and duct work. Remember that poorly sealed attics and base -ments are also common culprits of energy loss.

Appliances and major systemsUpgrading your appliances and temperature control systems also helps drive moreefficient energy use throughout the house. Look for ENERGY STAR-certified products,which are designed to save energy without sacrificing on performance. Where possible,make purchases that will perform double duty, such as high-efficiency washing machinesthat can save on both energy and water usage.

Fuel sourcesChoosing the right energy source can also help lessen your impact on the environment.For example, using propane-powered appliances in your home can significantly reducegreenhouse gas emissions. According to a recent study sponsored by the PropaneEducation & Research Council, propane-powered furnaces emit 73 percent fewergreenhouse gases than electricity. Similarly, propane-powered storage water heaters emit approximately 39 percent less greenhouse gas than electric storage models.

For more information about using propane and propane-powered appliances in yourhome, visit www.propane.com.

Green upgradesShopping smart to incorporate high-efficiency appliances and electronics into your homeis just a first step. There are many other ways you can make such products even moresustainable:

Rely on LED light bulbs, which use a fraction of the energy and last significantlylonger than traditional bulbs.

Use light timers to turn off lights when they arent needed.

Make a habit of powering off lights and other electronics when you leave the room.

Set a programmable thermostat to adjust temperatures when youre away from home.

Wash only full loads of laundry, and use cold water when possible.

Air-dry dishes, rather than using the heated drying cycle of the dishwasher.

RECYCLE LIKE A PRO

BUYING GREENUnderstanding just whatmakes a product green can be confusing. According to the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, greenerproducts are those that areshown to have less health orenvironmental impacts thansimilar products that have thesame function.

The EPA has made it easyto identify earth-friendlycleaning supplies by intro -ducing a Design for theEnvironment label thatdesignates products deemedsafer for personal health andthe environment.

Other categories of greenproducts may be harder toidentify. You can rely on EPAlabeling programs such asENERGY STAR for house -hold items such as windows,doors and many major appli -ances, and WaterSense forwater-specific products such as toilets, faucets andshowerheads.

When evaluating whether a product is green, be waryof eco-labels, which are notregulated and may containmisleading informationdesigned to downplay aproducts true impact. TheFederal Trade Commissioncreated the Green Guides to set standards for truth inadvertising; however, there isbroad scope and consumersmay still need to do someresearch to understand why apackage has a green messageon its label.

Ultimately, its important to consider all aspects of theproducts development, fromresearch and manufacturing topackaging and distribution.For example, an earth-friendlycleanser packaged in a bottleusing recycled plastic is moregreen than one that is not.

Living green isnt just about saving energy.Sustain able living also means putting earth-friendly practices in place throughout yourhome, such as recycling. With these tips youcan make recycling easier for the whole family.

Establish collection bins to make it easy togather all your recycling in one place. Thenumber of bins you need depends on yourcitys guidelines for sorting. If no sorting isrequired, a single bin will do. Otherwise, usedifferent colored bins to make it simple tosort paper, aluminum, glass, etc.

Most families find the kitchen isa primary source of recyclablegoods. If space is at a premium,keep a smaller collection bin inthe kitchen that can be easilytransported to a sorting station ina larger area, such as the garage.

Dont forget to recycle in otherrooms, too. Many common bath -room items, such as shampooand soap bottles, and even card -board toilet paper tubes, can berecycled.

Remember that recycling canalso come in other forms, likedonating unwanted clothing tocharity or using leftover water toquench thirsty plants or freshenthe dogs bowl.

Be sure to rinse away any foodor liquid residue from containersto manage odors and keep yourrecycling area tidy and odor free.

Maximize your bin space bycompressing cans and bottles.


PA 4-H WeekPA 4-H WeekMarch 15 - 21, 2015March 15 - 21, 2015

Whats It All About?

HISTORY OF 4-HHow It All Began: An American innovation, the 4-H youth develop-ment program of the Cooperative Extension origi-nated at the turn of the century because of a vital need to improve life in rural areas. Introducing im-proved methods of farming and homemaking, 4-H taught youth to learn by doing. The yearly program in one of those early clubs consisted of growing corn, planting a garden, testing soil, club meetings, and visits to club members plots and exhibits. There was a close affi liation between the school and the home in this early 4-H program--adults in the family were often persuaded to adopt new practices because of the successes experienced by the 4-H youth. The fi rst record of any known 4-H type activity was in 1898. Liberty Hyde Bailey of Cornell Univer-sity inaugurated a system of junior naturalist leafl ets in rural schools and assisted in the organization of nature study clubs. The year 1907 marked the beginning of 4-H work under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Agricul-ture. In 1914 the Smith-Lever Act established Coopera-tive Extension, an organizational entity of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the land-grant college system. The Cooperative Extension Service was to conduct educational programs of an informal, non-resident, problem-oriented nature. Cooperative Ex-tension provided the professional staff and support needed to direct the growth of the early 4-H pro-gram.The Early Years: In 1915 there were 4-H clubs in 47 states. During World War I, the energies of 4-H members were de-voted to raising food. Projects were raising corn and canning tomatoes. Following a period of readjustment after World War I, 4-H club work showed a contin-ual growth. Some states developed 4-H programs in close relationship to local school districts. Others established clubs as community programs separate from schools. The term 4-H was fi rst used in a federal publica-tion written in 1918 by Gertrude Warren, one of the pioneers of 4-H. In the early 1920s a group at a conference in Washington, D.C., discussed the need to give boys and girls club work a distinctive name that could be used nationally. Several people, including Miss Warren, favored 4-H as the name for the organi-zation. In 1924, Boys and Girls Club work became known as 4-H. The pledge was adopted in 1927. As the 4-H program continued to grow through the 1920s and 1930s more emphasis was placed on the development of the individual rather than the product produced. The focus of the program was the development of skills in farming and homemaking.

A major change occurred during World War II when much effort was directed toward victory gar-dens, civilian defense, salvage programs, and bond campaigns as well as food preservation. The victory garden program also brought 4-H to urban people.Expansion to New Audiences and New Places: The 1950s and 1960s saw increasing numbers of non-farm youth enrolling in the program. In 1948, 4-H went international with the establishment of the International Four-H Youth Exchange (IFYE, fi rst called the International Farm Youth Exchange.) Today Cooperative Extension and its 4-H pro-grams serve people in towns, cities, and rural areas with information on agriculture, family living, com-munity development, and related subjects. 4-H: An American Idea 1900-1980 is a documented history of 4-H written by Thomas Wessel and Mari-lyn Wessel. Copies may be ordered through the National 4-H Council, 7100 Connecticut Avenue, Chevy Chase, MD20815-4999. 4-H Around the World: The growth of 4-H around the world has been impressive. 4-H type clubs now exist in at least 80 countries; they have a total membership of over four m

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