Brahma

This article is about the Hindu God of creation. Forother uses, see Brahma (disambiguation).

Brahm (/brm/; Brahm) is the Hindu god (deva)of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others be-ing Vishnu and Shiva. According to the Brahma Pu-rana, he is the father of Manu, and from Manu all hu-man beings are descended. In the Ramayana and theMahabharata, he is often referred to as the progenitoror great grandsire of all human beings. He is not tobe confused with the Supreme Cosmic Spirit in HinduVednta philosophy known as Brahman, which is gender-less. Brahm's wife is Saraswati. Saraswati is also knownby names such as Svitri and Gayatri, and has taken dif-ferent forms throughout history. Brahm is often identi-ed with Prajapati, a Vedic deity. Being the husband ofSaraswati or Vaac Devi (the Goddess of Speech), Brahmais also known as Vaagish, meaning Lord of Speech andSound.

1 EtymologyIn Sanskrit grammar, the noun stem brahman forms twodistinct nouns; one is a neuter noun brhman, whosenominative singular form is brahma ; this noun hasa generalized and abstract meaning.[1]

Contrasted to the neuter noun is themasculine noun brah-mn, whose nominative singular form is brahm .This noun is used to refer to a person, and as the propername of a deity Brahm it is the subject matter of thepresent article.

2 OriginAccording to Shri Madha Bhagawata Mahapurana,Brahm was born through Vishnus navel, Vishnu is themain source of whatsoever exists in the world; what iscreated is part of his own body.According to the Puras, Brahm is self-born in thelotus ower. Another legend says that Brahm was bornin water, or from a seed that later became the golden egg,Hiranyagarbha. From this golden egg, Brahm, the cre-ator was born. The remaining materials of this goldenegg expanded into the Brahmna or Universe. Beingborn from a lotus, Brahm is also called as Kanjaja (bornfrom a lotus). There is a story for Sharsa brahma hence

the concept of multiple universe as every Brahm createshis Bhramand (universe) for one Brahm year.

Vishnu with Lakshmi, on the serpent Ananta Shesha, as Brahmemerges from a lotus risen from Viu's navel

3 Creations

1

2 4 ATTRIBUTES

Head of Brahma in sandstone from the Phnom Bok inBakheng style now in Guimet Museum in Paris.

At the beginning of the process of creation, Brahm cre-ates the four Kumras or the Caturaa. However, theyrefused his order to procreate and instead devote them-selves, to Vishnu and celibacy.He then proceeds to create from his mind ten sons orPrajpatis (used in another sense), who are believed tobe the fathers of the human race. But since all thesesons were born out of his mind rather than body, they arecalledMnas Putras or mind-sons or spirits. The Manus-mti and Bhgavat Pura enumerate them as:Brahm had ten sons and one daughter (Named Shatrupa-one who can take hundred forms) born from various partsof his body:

1. Marichi

2. Atri

3. Angirasa

4. Pulaha

5. Pulasthya

6. Krathu

7. Vashista

8. Prachethasa

9. Bhrigu

10. Narada

Within Vedic and Puric scripture Brahm is describedas only occasionally interfering in the aairs of the otherdevas (gods), and even more rarely in mortal aairs.He did force Chandra to give Tara back to her hus-band, Bhaspati. Among the ospring from his body areDharma and Adharma, Krodha, Lobha, and others.

4 Attributes

4.1 Appearance

He is clad in red clothes. Brahm is traditionally depictedwith four heads, four faces, and four arms. With eachhead, He continually recites one of the four Vedas. Heis often depicted with a white beard (especially in NorthIndia), indicating the nearly eternal nature of his exis-tence. Unlike most other Hindu gods, Brahm holds noweapons. One of his hands holds a scepter. Anotherof his hands holds a book. Brahm also holds a stringof prayer beads called the 'akaml' (literally garland

A handcoloured engraving of Brahma.

of eyes), which He uses to keep track of the Universestime. He is also shown holding the Vedas.There are many other stories in the Puras about thegradual decrease in Brahm's importance. Followersof Hinduism believe that humans cannot aord to losethe blessings of Brahm and Sarasvati, without whomthe populace would lack creativity, knowledge to solvemankinds woes. There is a story of a fth head. Thishead came when Shatrupa started ying away from himupwards and the head came on top of the four heads -symbolizing lust and ego, the head was decapitated byShiva returning Brahm to his four head avatar whichgave birth to the Vedas. The fth head stayed with Shivahence Shiva got the name Kampala.

4.2 Symbols

The Four Faces The four Vedas (Rig, Sma, Yajur andAtharva).TheFourHands Brahm's four arms represent the fourcardinal directions: east, south, west, and north. The backright hand represents mind, the back left hand representsintellect, the front right hand is ego, and the front left handis self-condence.The Prayer beads Symbolize the substances used inthe process of creation.The Book The book symbolizes knowledge.The Gold Gold symbolizes activity; the golden face ofBrahm indicates that He is actively involved in the pro-cess of creating the Universe.

4.3 Vehicle 3

The Swan The swan is the symbol of grace and discern-ment. Brahm uses the swan as his vhana, or his carrieror vehicle.The Crown Brahm's crown indicates His supreme au-thority.The Lotus The lotus symbolizes nature and the livingessence of all things and beings in the Universe.The Beard Brahm's black or white beard denotes wis-dom and the eternal process of creation.

4.3 Vehicle

Brahma,Meenakshi Amman Temple Tower,Tamil Nadu,India

swan Vehicle of Lord Bramma

Brahm's vehicle or vhana is the hansa, a swan or agoose.Brahma fails to measure the height of Shiva Linga- It isbelieved that once Lord Shiva stood in the form of a greatLinga with deep roots into the womb of the mother earthand with the top far above the skies. Brahma and Vishnuthrew each other a challenge that whoever nds the topor bottom of the Linga, will be considered as supreme.Accordingly Brahma took the form of a swan and ewinto the sky. Vishnu took the form of a boar and begandigging deep into the earth. They spent a lot of time butcould not reach the top or bottom of the Linga. However

to show that he was superior, Brahma told a lie that hehad touched the top of the Linga. A ower called Ketakistood as a witness to the statement of Lord Brahma. Lis-tening to these words Shiva became very angry and cursedBrahma that he would never be worshiped by any humanbeing. He cursed the false witness, the Ketaki ower also,saying that the ower will not be used in the worship ofany God or Goddess or in any holy activity.That is whythey say that there are not more than 14 or 15 temples ofBrahma, where as there are lakhs of temples for Shiva orVishnuLord Brahma is reverentially addressed as Pitamaha (fa-ther of fathers) by devas, demons, and humans. SinceBrahma is also a Prajapati all these people used to visithim . According to the Upanishads the Lord used to teachthe Vedas and the importance of virtue to these people.They all used to spend considerable time with him to ac-quire knowledge of the Atman. He also taught three im-portant virtues to his three types of students. Once Heuttered a single syllable da and asked them to grasp itsmeaning. The gods interpreted the sound as the word as'datta' meaning to give away all pleasure seeking activi-ties. The humans interpreted the syllable as 'dayadhwam'which means to show mercy by leaving out their greedyand selsh activities. The demons interpreted the soundas 'damyata' meaning control or suppression of cruel at-titudes and passions. This episode has been beautifullydescribed by the poet T.S.Eliot in his poem The WasteLand, part 5, What the Thunder Said.[2]

Lord Brahma the God of Destiny or Fate: Lord Brahmais also called as Vidhi, DhAtA, and VidhAtA. Vidhimeans the Ordainer. Vidhata means disposer,ordainer,Arranger,or Law-maker. He is also called as Twasta,Viswadeva. According to the Veda- Yo Vidhata chaDhata cha- ( Vidhata is also called as Dhata). He isalso called as Vedhasa- ( Vidhata Vedhasamapi). Vid-hata means the governor of Natures Laws relating to thejourney of the Soul. Lord Brahma is not only the creatoras mentioned in the Purusha Sukta, but also the deciderof the destiny or Fate of the beings that are going to beborn . Brahma is the God who writes the fortunes of ev-erybody based on the KARMA or deeds in the previousbirths. Fate, or luck or destiny ordained by Lord Brahmaand written by him in a coded language on the forehead ofevery individual cannot be altered by anybody. Becauseone has to reap what one has sown. It is believed thatBrahma examines the Karma of every being in his previ-ous births and accordingly decides what should be the fateof the individual in the present birth. Brahmas writingson the forehead can be understood only by great Yogisor Rishis when they look at the forehead of any person.That is why they look at the face of a person carefully be-fore they bless a person with long life, good health, wealthand progeny etc. The Fate in reality is a product of theKarma of ones previous lives. The unnished Karmais carried forward to the next birth. Sanchita-Karmainto which God Brahma looks carefully, Lord Brahma

4 6 TEMPLES

is the sum-total of the accumulated Karma of previousbirths. It is in ones account and needs to be cleared atsome stage in ones spiritual journey. Prarabdha karmais that part of the Sanchita Karma which is posted tothe present birth by Lord Brahma and hence it has to becleared in this birth only. This concept has sometimesled to the philosophy of Fatalism and some scholars be-gan to argue that since everything is pre-ordained whyshould we run here and there to alter our future. In theUpaishads Lord Brahma is also depicted as the immortalLord of Heaven who receives the liberated souls at theend of their journey along the Northern path. Reference:WWW.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/brahma.ap.

5 Sangam literatureSangam literature of Tamil(300BC-300CE) describesmore times about lord Brahma by various authors.for ex-ample in Silapathikaram,lord Brahma mentioned as ma-mudu muralvanvaaimaiyin vazaa naanmurai mara-bin( ),literally means four infallible scriptures ordainedby the venerable old brahma.[3]

6 Temples

6.1 India

Though almost all Hindu religious rites involve prayerto Brahm, very few temples are dedicated to His wor-ship. Among the most prominent is the Brahm templeat Pushkar. Once a year, on Kartik Poornima, the fullmoon night of the Hindu lunar month of Kartik (Octo-ber November), a religious festival is held in Brahm'shonour. Thousands of pilgrims come to bathe in the holyPushkar Lake adjacent to the temple.There is a templein Asotra village in Balotra taluka of Rajasthans Barmerdistrict, which is known as Kheteshwar BrahmadhamTirtha.Temples to Brahm also exist in Thirunavaya in Kerala.The Trimurti temple and the temple dedicated to Brahmaaccompanied by Ganesh, located outside Sri Padmanab-haswamy temple, in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, is alsofamous. Regular pujas are held for Brahm at the templein Thirunavaya, and during Navrathris, this temple comesto life with multi-varied festivities.In the temple town of Kumbakonam in the ThanjavurDistrict of Tamil Nadu; in Kodumudi in TamilNadu. There is also a shrine for Brahm within theBrahmapureeswarar Temple in Tiruchirappalli.There is a temple dedicated to Brahm in the temple townof Sri Kalahasti near Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh.7 feet height of Chatrumukha (Four Faces) BRAHMA

The 9th century Javan statue of Brahm inside the Brahmshrine in Trimurti Prambanan temple, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

temple at Bengaluru (Karnataka, India).In the coastal state of Goa, a shrine belonging to the5th century AD, in the small and remote village ofCarambolim in the Sattari Taluka in the northeast regionof the state is found.Famous murti of Brahm exists at Mangalwedha, 52 kmfrom the Solapur district of Maharashtra and in Soparanear Mumbai.Statues of Brahm may be found in Khedbrahma,Gujarat.

6.2 Asia

The largest and most famous shrine to Brahm may befound in Cambodias Angkor Wat.In Java, Indonesia, the 9th century Prambanan Trimurtitemple mainly is dedicated to iva, however Brahmand Viu also venerated in separate large shrines insidethe temple compound, a single large shrine dedicated toBrahm on southern side of iva temple. There is a statue

7.2 Recently built temples 5

The four-faced Brahma (Phra Phrom) statue, Thailand.

of Brahm at the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok. The goldendome of the Government House of Thailand also containsa statue of Phra Phrom (Thai representation of Brahm).

7 Temples devoted to BrahmToday, India has very few temples dedicated to Brahm.

7.1 Ancient temples Brahma Temple at Khokhan, in Kullu District, Hi-machal Pradesh

Brahma Temple at Asotra, District Barmer, Ra-jasthan

Brahma Temple at Oachira in Kollam district, Ker-ala

Brahma temple at village aleo shrishty narayan, inKullu, Himachal Pradesh

Brahma temple at Annamputhur village srinid-heeswarar in Tindivanam,Tamil Nadu

Brahma Temple at Pushkar , Rajasthan Thirunavaya, Thiruvallam , Kerala Brahma Temple at Royakotta road in Hosur , TamilNadu

Uttamar Kovil in Srirangam, Tamil Nadu

Kumbakonam, Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu

Khedbrahma, Gujarat

The Brahma Temple near Panajiin the village ofBrahma-Carambolim in the Satari taluka, Goa

Brahma (accompanied by Ganesh) Tem-ple, near the Sri Padmanabhaswamy temple,Thiruvananthapuram , Kerala

Bramhapureeswarar temple in Tirupattur, nearTrichy, Tamil Nadu

BrahmaKuti Temple at Brahmaavart (Bithoor),Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)

Bahma Temple at village Chhinch, Tehsil Bagidoa,District Banswara, Rajasthan

7.2 Recently built temples

Chaturmukha Brahma temple in Chebrolu, AndhraPradesh

Chaturmukha (Four Faces) Brahma temple atBengaluru, Karnataka,

Brahma Kapaalam: Even though Brahma isshown typically as having four heads lookingin four directions the legend holds it that in thebeginning he had only one head and then de-veloped ve heads subsequently.

8 Satyaloka abode of BrahmSatyaloka is by 120,000,000 yojanas above Tapoloka.Thus the distance from the Sun to Satyaloka is233,800,000 yojanas, or 1,870,400,000 miles.The Vaikuha planets begin 26,200,000 yojanas(209,600,000 miles) above Satyaloka. In the PadmaPuram it has been denitely stated that on the foursides of the spiritual sky there are four dierent tran-scendental abodes occupied by Vsudeva, Sankaraa,Pradyumna and Aniruddha respectively. So also in thematerial sky also they are similarly placed on all the foursides. The Vaikuha sphere which is covered with spir-itual water is inhabited by Vsudeva and this Vaikuhais known as Devavatipur. Above the Satyaloka there isViuloka where Sankaraa resides. In the middle ofthe Ocean of Milk there is an island called vetadvipawhich is resided in by Aniruddha lying on the bedof Ananta."(Caitanya-caritamrta, Adi-lila, Chapter 5[Handwritten])[4]

6 13 EXTERNAL LINKS

9 Duration of Brahm's dayWith regard to Brahm's day and night, each consists of14 of his hours or 4.32 billion human years. Brahma hasfour heads (rmad Bhgavatam 12.8.25).[5]

10 Brahm sampradyaMain article: Brahma sampradaya

Brahm has his own sampradya. Brahm appeared ona lotus ower which sprouted from the navel of Garb-hodakyi Viu. After meditation Brahm created 14planetary systems and many living beings came therein 8400000 kinds of material bodies according to theirpast desires. Brahm received Vedas from Vishnu, andthis Brahm-sampradya is transmitting knowledge fromVishnu Himself to Earth. As our Brahm is devotee ofKrishna just like other Brahms in other material uni-verses, we have this Brahm sampradya.

11 See also Brahma (Buddhism) Brahma Samhita Brahma sampradaya Brahmapureeswarar Brahmastra Creator deity Phra Phrom Brahma from Mirpur-Khas

12 Notes and references[1] Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through

the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Informationand Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 79.

[2] http://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/brahma.ap/ ar-ticle by Jayaram V

[3] Silappadikaram By S. Krishnamoorthy. p. 35.

[4] Srila Prabhupadas Original pre-1978 Books Online.PrabhupadaBooks.com. Retrieved 2012-08-02.

[5] Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 12 Chapter 8 Verses 2-5.Vedabase.net. Retrieved 2012-08-02.

13 External links

714 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses14.1 Text

Brahma Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahma?oldid=664069386 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Bryan Derksen, Arvindn, William Av-ery, Ant, Stevertigo, DopeshJustin, Yann, CesarB, Karthik, Rossami, Kaysov, Imc, Topbanana, Wetman, Owen, Twice25, Kizor, Red-Wolf, Moncrief, Goethean, Romanm, Sam Spade, Thesilverbail, Humus sapiens, Caknuck, Wereon, Dave6, Gtrmp, Nat Krause, Zig-ger, Curps, Eequor, Utcursch, LordSimonofShropshire, Ran, Fatalvenom, Togo~enwiki, Heliocentric, Discospinster, 4pq1injbok, RichFarmbrough, HeikoEvermann, YUL89YYZ, Dbachmann, JPX7, Andybak, BenjBot, El C, AreJay, C1k3, Bobo192, Shenme, Kapil,Zetawoof, Hintha, Nsaa, Ranveig, Raj2004, Jcsutton, Anthony Appleyard, Brosen~enwiki, Blahma, Wiki-uk, Jaw959, Stephen Hodge,Adrian.benko, Woohookitty, Mindmatrix, MONGO, Tabletop, Dangerous-Boy, Palica, Tydaj, Paxsimius, Qwertyus, Rjwilmsi, Koavf,George Burgess, Vary, Gd, Bhadani, FlaBot, Nihiltres, RexNL, Mskadu, Chobot, DaGizza, Bgwhite, YurikBot, Wavelength, Sceptre,Deeptrivia, Rtkat3, Crazytales, Wisekwai, SpuriousQ, Goober, CambridgeBayWeather, Ugur Basak, NawlinWiki, Johann Wolfgang, Du-gosz, SivaKumar, Ngorongoro, Clik4vik, Zwobot, Syrthiss, Priyanath, Seemagoel, Zunaid, Lt-wiki-bot, Gmkr84, Closedmouth, Malaiya,BorgQueen, GraemeL, Anclation~enwiki, Willtron, GrinBot~enwiki, robot, SmackBot, Mrhyde, KnowledgeOfSelf, Gregory j,Anastrophe, BiT, Anup Ramakrishnan, Yamaguchi, Magicalsaumy, Ohnoitsjamie, Skizzik, KaragouniS, Keegan, Colonies Chris, A.B., Kotra, Jahiegel, Japeo, Krich, Nakon, Savidan, Ryan Roos, RichAromas, GourangaUK, Vina-iwbot~enwiki, Godrealized, Sashato-Bot, Apalaria, Fatcud, SilkTork, Nharipra, Shyamsunder, CARNASSUS, NongBot~enwiki, IronGargoyle, PseudoSudo, RandomCritic, A.Parrot, Stwalkerster, MTSbot~enwiki, Iridescent, Laurens-af, IvanLanin, GiantSnowman, Tawkerbot2, Eggman64, CWY2190, DanielRi-gal, Tex, Cydebot, Gogo Dodo, Doug Weller, Oudeis23, Bwmcmaste, PKT, Mattisse, Thijs!bot, Esemono, AntiVandalBot, Commander-Cool1654, Luna Santin, Seaphoto, Usman.shaheen, Naveen Sankar, Alphachimpbot, Wahabijaz, Leuqarte, JAnDbot, Ekabhishek, Barek,Roleplayer, PhilKnight, Magioladitis, VoABot II, JNW, Kajasudhakarababu, Scipio Carthage, Sindhutvavadin, JaGa, Philg88, Teardroponthere, Patstuart, Oroso, Kkrystian, B9 hummingbird hovering, Stephenchou0722, MartinBot, Subhashispurkayastha, C Denninger,Rettetast, Roastytoast, Gunkarta, Fconaway, J.delanoy, Pharaoh of the Wizards, Abecedare, Trusilver, Ali, Numbo3, Maproom, Abhi-jitsathe, Jigesh, In Transit, Morinae, Hnaluru, Steel1943, Idioma-bot, BradDeharder, Redtigerxyz, VolkovBot, Sunilsrivastava, Je G.,AlnoktaBOT, Anasha555, Hybernator, Philip Trueman, DoorsAjar, TXiKiBoT, Vipinhari, Rei-bot, IPSOS, Qxz, Samimas, Buddhipriya,Noformation, V madhu, Robert1947, Sciencegroupindia, Madhero88, Gopal K. R., Eubulides, Lerdthenerd, Vimalkalyan, B4upradeep,Sthitadebasis, Javaboy.ms, Brianga, JohnWrot, Palaeovia, Garymani, EmxBot, Arjun024, Vdhillon, GoonerDP, SieBot, Caltas, Toddst1,VasuVR, Oda Mari, Le Pied-bot~enwiki, Mohanajkumar, Yone Fernandes, OKBot, Sitush, Randy Kryn, Atif.t2, ClueBot, The ThingThat Should Not Be, Uncle Milty, Ssriram mt, MrMinority, Shankarlalrajpurohit, RafaAzevedo, Chimesmonster, DragonBot, Jusdafax,Sun Creator, Advait.ghaisas, Kickip007, SchreiberBike, Syed Azaharul Asriq, Onixmtz, Madeliaette, Editor2020, Wikidas, XLinkBot,Mr.chetanladdha, Dsvyas, Gnowor, Grapes4buddha, Indu, Mitsube, Cminard, Cuado, HenryFaber, Penale52, WikHead, Ism schism,Menacingk, Maldek, Addbot, Poco a poco, Some jerk on the Internet, Tcncv, Hindustan10, Douglas the Comeback Kid, Immy08, Down-load, PadmaDharma101, AndersBot, Jonoikobangali, Favonian, Zealot archon, Nizil Shah, Numbo3-bot, Tide rolls, Legobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Fraggle81, Legobot II, AnomieBOT, Piano non troppo, Varunbhandanker, Materialscientist, , Frankenpuppy,Nifky?, LilHelpa, Suasysar, Ti Element, PsychoticINhale, Scream-it-xx, Xqbot, Paalappoo, Zad68, Bharani333, Editpower100, AnnaFrodesiak, Almabot, Makeswell, J04n, Raghuvir 09, ProtectionTaggingBot, Omnipaedista, Siddaarth.s, RibotBOT, Mathonius, Power-prowess, Shadowjams, Thehelpfulbot, FrescoBot, Recognizance, Pmdennis, Yanajin33, Eronel189, HamburgerRadio, Elockid, Noted-grant, MJ94, Skyerise, Nijgoykar, Harioke, Aroratushar, Sacalante, Whitedragon81, Dinamik-bot, Clarkcj12, Sizzle Flamb, Srithern,1stonestanding, World8115, Kamaldevjhalli, Horfenico, Onel5969, Malakiki, HK-90, Bhawani Gautam, EmausBot, John of Reading,Orphan Wiki, Arnibanssej, Ngoductri, Bhoramdev, Vijethnbharadwaj, TuHan-Bot, Wikipelli, K6ka, Ask suraj, Kkm010, ZroBot, LTN LC, F, Ednolbeuqinu, Bollyje, XsarebearX, STS333, ClaudioSantos, Samuel de mazarin, Tolly4bolly, Thine Antique Pen, Mu-tantsoum, MonoAV, Vharshan, ChuispastonBot, Qualities108, JanetteDoe, Erj777, Connorward, ClueBot NG, Pebble101, Sanshlistham, Unidef, Accusativen hos Olsson, Frietjes, Escapepea, Braincricket, Asukite, Dream of Nyx, Widr, Januarythe18th, Rohitranjan2007,Seema1965.rawat, Thisthat2011, Titodutta, Argrao, BG19bot, MKar, PhnomPencil, MusikAnimal, Frze, AvocatoBot, Rachywachy, Sah-aguru, Sathyasaagar001, Anuragdeb207, Vips9811, Ajwalk, Prabudorairaj, WikiHannibal, Achowat, B19921992, Tamravidhir, Scrollso-fAryavarta, Aakasham, Mediran, Banda.krishna, Fatbuu, Khazar2, Rajenver, Sumit Dhawan, JesseAlanGordon, ANSHU.SHARMA999,Cplleague, BrightStarSky, ISoham, Mogism, Lugia2453, Anubhavdeb207, Threegifts, Kevin4sun, Donaldduck100, Wywin, Soulsdone3,Telfordbuck, Goldduck58, Epicgenius, Gosaviyogiraj, GabrielClark, KD-Singhania, Raki sgy, Eshwar.om, AmaryllisGardener, Agletarang,Thakurajaysingh1985, Andres Possee, Nandan Adhikari, Param Mudgal, Skr15081997, Naarad09, MythoEditor, Filedelinkerbot, PratikBasu tkwbi, Vishnubhakti, Shikhardpsn, Mytholo, Pgsubra, Super Smart Sahith, Vikneshraj 108, HamzaTerminator, Ankush 89, Kaspar-Bot, Allwritten, Con452843 and Anonymous: 626

14.2 Images File:Ambox_important.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg License: Public do-

main Contributors: Own work, based o of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist: Dsmurat (talk contribs) File:Brahma_1820.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Brahma_1820.jpg License: Public domain Con-

tributors: ? Original artist: ? File:Brahma_Muse_Guimet_1197_1.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Brahma_Mus%C3%A9e_

Guimet_1197_1.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist: Vassil File:Brahma_Statue_in_Prambanan.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Brahma_Statue_in_

Prambanan.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Gunawan Kartapranata File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original

artist: ? File:Cygnus_olor_2_(Marek_Szczepanek).jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Cygnus_olor_2_

%28Marek_Szczepanek%29.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Marek Szczepanek File:HinduismSymbol.PNG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/HinduismSymbol.PNG License: CC-BY-

SA-3.0 Contributors: Created by Tinette user of Italian Wikipedia. Original artist: Tinette (talk contribs)

8 14 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

File:Lord_Bramma.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Lord_Bramma.jpg License: CCBY-SA 3.0Con-tributors: Own work Original artist: Purushothaman

File:Om.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8e/Om.svg License: PD Contributors:svg created by Rugby471 from a public domain symbolOriginal artist:Rugby471

File:Question_book-new.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Question_book-new.svg License: Cc-by-sa-3.0Contributors:Created from scratch in Adobe Illustrator. Based on Image:Question book.png created by User:Equazcion Original artist:Tkgd2007

File:Sheshashayi_Vishnu.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Sheshashayi_Vishnu.jpg License: Publicdomain Contributors: http://archive.org/details/mahabharat05ramauoft Original artist: Ramanarayanadatta astri

File:Thai_4_Buddies.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Thai_4_Buddies.jpg License: CC BY-SA 2.5Contributors: ? Original artist: ?

14.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

EtymologyOriginCreationsAttributesAppearanceSymbolsVehicle

Sangam literatureTemplesIndiaAsia

Temples devoted to BrahmAncient temples Recently built temples

Satyaloka abode of BrahmDuration of Brahm's dayBrahm sampradyaSee alsoNotes and referencesExternal linksText and image sources, contributors, and licensesTextImagesContent license