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Human Brain Anatomy
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HUMAN BRAIN ANATOMY
Lasitha.M
MSRSAS
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Human Brain
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Human Skull
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Cont…
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Cont…
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Blood vessels of the skull
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Human Brain
Cerebellum (Co-ordinate muscle
movements, maintain posture, and balance.)
Cerebrum ( touch,
vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning &
fine control movements)
Brain Stem (relay center
connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. breathing, heart rate, body
temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and
swallowing )
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Brain Lobes
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Cont…
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Actual Brain
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Actual Brain
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Meninges
Meninges are layers of
tissue that separate the
skull and the brain
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Arachnoid Membrane
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Arachnoid Granulations
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Cerebral Cortex & Brain Stem
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Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
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Cerebrum surface
A sheet of neural tissue
10-14 billions of neurons
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The Neocortex
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The Cerebrum
Largest myelinated structure , 200-250 million neurons present
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Anatomy of Ventricles
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Physiology of ventricle
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Gyri, Fissure & Sulci
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Longitudinal Fissure
Lobes of the Brain
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Left & Right Hemisphere
controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing
creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills
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Frontal Lobe
Memory FormationEmotionsDecision Making/Reasoning Personality
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Frontal Lobe:The frontal lobe assists in
motor and cognitive activities
such as planning, making
decisions, setting goals and
relating the present to future
through purposeful behaviour
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Olfactory Bulb
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Broca’s & Wernicke Area
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Arcuate Fasciculus
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Parietal Lobe:
Assist in sensory processes, Spatial interpretation, attention and language
comprehension. Interprets language, words, Sense of touch, pain, temperature,
Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory.
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Primary Somatosensory Cortex/ Postcentral Gyrus
Somatosensory Association Cortex
Primary Gustatory Cortex
Very sensitive areas- lips & finger tips
Touch, Temperature, Body Position and Pain
Taste
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Occipital Lobe
The Occipital Lobe of the Brain
is located deep to the Occipital
Bone of the Skull. Its primary
function is the processing,
integration, interpretation, etc of
VISION and visual stimuli.
Interprets vision (color, light, movement)
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Occipital lobe
Primary Visual Cortex
Visual Association Area
size, color, light, motion, dimensions
Interprets information acquired through the primary visual cortex.
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Visual
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Occipital Lobe: Process visual information and passes its conclusion to the parietal and frontal lobe
Temporal Lobe
• The Temporal Lobes are
located on the sides of the
brain, deep to the Temporal
Bones of the skull.
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Temporal Lobe:
Assist in auditory perception, language comprehension and visual recognition.
Primary Auditory Cortex
Wernike’s Area
Primary Olfactory Cortex (Deep)
Conducted from Olfactory Bulb
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Cerebellum
The cerebellum is involved in the
coordination of voluntary motor
movement, balance and equilibrium
and muscle tone.
Damage to the cerebellum can lead
to: loss of coordination of motor
movement, the inability to judge
distance , the inability to perform
rapid alternating movements,
movement tremors , tendency toward
falling, weak muscles, slurred speech
& abnormal eye movements.
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Brain Stem
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Brain Stem
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Hind Brain
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Central Core
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ThalamusThalamus
good or bad forwards the information
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PonsPons
dreaming and wakening from sleep
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Cerebellum
body movements, controls posture and maintains equilibruim
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PonsReticular Formation
signals the cerebral cortex to attend the new simulation and to remain alert even during sleep.
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ThalamusMedulla
breathing, walking, sleeping and beating of the heart
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Limbic System
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Hippocampus
emotion, learning and memory
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Hippocampus
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Amygdala
aggression, eating, drinking and sexual behaviors
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Hypothalamus
Monitors blood levels of glucose, salt, blood pressure and hormones
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Hypothalamus
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Cranial Nerves
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Cranial Nerves:Left Olfactory - Optic Chiasm - Right Oculomotor (pupi)- Left Oculomotor - Right Trochlear (eye)- Left Trochlear -
Right Trigeminal(face sensation) - Left Trigeminal - Right Abducens (eye) - Left Abducens - Right Facial - Left Facial - Right Acoustic - Left Acoustic - Right Glossopharyngeal & Vagus (taste,swallow, HR, digetion)- Left Glossopharyngeal & Vagus - Right Hypoglossal (tongue)
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11th & 12th Cranial Nerves
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Optic nerve on the back of the eye
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Neuron
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THANK YOU