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To comply with professional boards/associations standards: • I declare that I (or my family) do not have a financial relationship in any amount, occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in my presentation. Additionally, all planners involved do not have any financial relationship. •Requirements for successful completion are attendance for the full session along with a completed session evaluation. •Vyne Education and all current accreditation statuses does not imply endorsement of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity. Session 100: Neuroplasticity: Essential Interventions for Optimal Therapy Karen Pryor, PhD, PT, DPT, ND Leading the Way in Continuing Education and Professional Development. www.Vyne.com Neuroplasticity: Essential Interventions for Optimal Therapy Karen Pryor PhD, PT, DPT [email protected] https://goinggentleintothatgoodnight.files.wordpress.com/2015/12/neuron_br ain_cells‐going‐gentle‐into‐that‐good‐night.jpg

Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

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Page 1: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

To comply with professional boards/associations standards:• I declare that I (or my family) do not have a financial relationship in any amount, occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in my presentation. Additionally, all planners involved do not have any financial relationship.•Requirements for successful completion are attendance for the full session along with a completed session evaluation.•Vyne Education and all current accreditation statuses does not imply endorsement of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity.

Session 100: Neuroplasticity: Essential Interventions for Optimal Therapy

Karen Pryor, PhD, PT, DPT, ND

Leading the Way in Continuing Education and Professional Development. www.Vyne.com

Neuroplasticity:Essential Interventions for Optimal Therapy 

Karen Pryor PhD, PT, DPT

[email protected]

https://go

inggen

tleintothatgo

odnight.files.wordpress.com

/2015/12/neuron_b

rain_cells‐going‐ge

ntle‐into‐that‐good‐night.jp

g

Page 2: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Brain Functions can be Rewired• Acute and Chronic pain

• Tremors – Ataxia ‐ Nystagmus 

• Spasticity – High tone

• Low tone

• Increase home program compliance

• Improve outcome potential

Patient Compliance• If you want your patient to be present

• You need to be “present” as well

• Understandable and immediate beneficial results

• Brain functions are always changing, learning and making new connections

• Never step in the same brain twice

• How to use Neuroplasticity to increase patient progress

Neuroplasticity• Ability to change the way we treat with the brain in mind?

• What does the brain do for a living?

• Where can we use sensation to change motor responses?

• How can we change the brain to change the body?

• PT phone home program

Page 3: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Mechanical Fix?  Flat feet• Weight bearing on the arch

• Align foot – arch support

• Re‐educate sensory system

• Hip, knee, ankle and foot• Light touch

• Pressure

• Cool

• Vibration

• Proprioception / Balance

• Fast and slow processing of information

Brief Tour Challenge ‐ Effective therapy is not always an exercise deficiency• Injury – tissue healing ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

• Pain perception – decreased pain ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

• Edema – reduction ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

• Balance – improvement ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

• Strength – increase ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

• Tone – typical rather than high or low ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Body – Hands on – Unable to feel unless moved or touched

Brain – Work with words, calm, relaxed

Tissues, elevation, lymph

Vision, vestibular, proprioceptors, sensory feedback loops, cerebrum, midbrain and brain stemMuscular, cognitive understanding of exercises, multimodal

Subcortical – Stim or numb 

What is obvious to you…

• Look 

• Listen

• Feel

• Find the cause • Treat cause and symptoms

• Symptoms decrease  

• Easier to treat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thinker

Page 4: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

To Build Skills – Break Them Down• Small steps ‐ Sequence

• Understanding and language of the patient

• Agree on common goals –Video

• Placebos work 34% ‐ 58% of time 

• You are the Placebo  ‐ Dr. Joe Dispenza

• Belief is powerful

Patient Receives How the Brain Perceives

• Conscious‐ Alert, awake, focus, present

• Subconscious ‐ Thoughts, behavior patterns, influences learning and rehabilitation

• Sets the stage for cooperation and compliance

• They don’t care how much you know

• Until they know how much your care

• Agree on a common goal – Lou Holtz http://themindunleashed.com/2014/03/conscious‐subconscious‐unconscious‐mind‐work.html

Back to basics• Find out what is working

• Find out what is not working

• Use those two functions 

• What ever fires together – wires together

• Donald Hebb principle – Siegrid Lowel

• Blindness

https://goinggentleintothatgoodnight.com/tag/lifestyle‐dementia/    

Page 5: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Mind and Body Medicine

• Were divorced some time ago

• Like some divorced couples, they still have problems in common

• Mind and body are coming together again

• The mind learns, knows and believes controls the body

Don’t Separate Mental Training From Physical Training Matt Fitzgerald 031614  ‐ Shutterstock http://running.competitor.com/2014/03/training/don%E2%80%99t‐separate‐mental‐training‐from‐physical‐training_27280

Pain in the Brain • Injury happens to the body/brain

• Pain happens to the brain 

• Perceived in the brain through neuronal circuits 

• Belief changes the brain – placebo effect

• Neuronal circuit for placebo effect • Prefrontal• Subcortical• Stratum • Amygdala pathways that are also involved in valuation, emotion and expectation as well as sensory and emotional aspects of pain levels. 

• Understanding brain – pain mechanisms 

• Help us reach them to treat them https://www.ecpain.com/how‐pain‐processed

Brain, Pain and Placebo effects – Belief in Words• Pain in the brain ‐ thalamus, somatosensory cortex

• Placebo induced analgesia ‐ release of endogenous opiates in the brain  

• Naloxone and opiate antagonist can undo the placebo effect

• Brain connections placebo– fMRI scan ‐ ant. cingulate, prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and insular cortex, nucleus accumlens, amygdala, periaqueduktalne gray matter and spinal cord

• Morphine works 36%; placebo effect works 35%.• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22220463 Placebo and the treatment of pain. 

http://www.nature.com/pr/journal/v69/n5‐2/fig_tab/pr9201196f1.html

Page 6: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Placebo –Words ‐ Actions Brain Support for Rehabilitation 

• Look patient in the eye and shake their hand –“This will help you”‐ yielded good results.

• Look down – shake your head and say ‐ ”Wait and see – we will see if this might help”  = Poor results

• Stated placebo effect ‐ positive or negative words influence results 

• “Why are placebos getting more effective?” William Kremer BBC Service / Journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain, August 2015

• What if it is really changing the brain and setting up for healing mechanisms to occur.

Changing the Function• Incoming ‐ Body and brain receive sensory information 

• Outgoing – Motor responses and movement

• Feedback loop – Comprise incoming and outgoing information for corrections

• Multisensory neuroplasticity techniques assist in feedback loop corrections and rewiring 

• Sensory • Brushing the part, vibration, pressure, tapping proprioceptors, pressure to the area

• Combine with cranial nerve functions – vision, vestibular, smell, sound (music beat)

Brain influence• Injury and influence

• Complex regional pain syndrome – Reflex sympathetic dystrophy

• May follow injury ‐ unknown cause but related to the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system functions

• 3 Stages –• Pain• Edema and bony and nail changes –reversible

• Bone and skin changes, muscle atrophy

• We can treat the brain’s perception of injury and pain

• Emotion can change pain level

Marinus J, Moseley GL, Birklein F, et al. (July 2011). "Clinical features and pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome". Lancet Neurology.10 (7): 637–48.Jänig W, Baron R (June 2002). "Complex regional pain syndrome is a disease of the central nervous system". Clinical Autonomic Research. 12 (3): 150–64.

Page 7: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Therapists treat through sensation• Improved results teaching an awake mind

• Pain medicine before treatment?

• Decrease sensation• May allow overwork • Increased edema • Will increase pain• Need more pain medication• Increased risk of falling or injury• Again loop

• More or less effective outcomes?

Brain Filing System

• To reformat and correct responses of the nervous system

• Follow the formation of the body and brain

• Body – Cephal to caudal

• Brain – Back to front

http://www.uhhospitals.org/myuhcare/health‐and‐wellness/better‐living‐health‐articles/2014/june/brain‐pain‐could‐it‐be‐a‐tumor‐or‐aneurysm

Limp • 5 year old female

• Fractured tibia and fibula while walking roller skating

• Cast 6 weeks• Cast boot 3 weeks• Chronic limp 

• Rx: • Reintroduced to body parts• Sensation‐ motion‐rotation• Watch self in mirror• Add music beat• Video ‐ Walk forward ‐ limp• Walk backward – no limp

Page 8: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Learned Non‐Use

Post Fracture Tibia and Fibula ‐ Limp

Limp forward                                                     No limp backward                        Significant reduction in limp with beat / music     

Post CVA

• Higher level damaged

• Require activation and intervention in lower levels to connect to alternate pathways for rehabilitation

• Millions of potential connections available

• Start with cranial nerves then body senses

Page 9: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

CVA 54 y/o male – Middle Cerebral Artery Infarct L

• Reappearance of Primitive Reflex Patterns – ASTNR LUE and LLE

• Work in and out of synergy after sensation and recognition of body parts

• Desensitization of palmar grasp

• Turn the eyes and head

• Mirror therapy

• Constraint induced therapy ‐Edward Taab

• Same session able to DF and PF both feet

Pediatric caseload – Treat Brain and Body

• 95% in our practice have neurological components

• Strokes

• Neonatal abstinence syndrome

• Spina Bifida

• Eye misalignment

• Nystagmus

• High, Mixed or Low tone 

• Genetic abnormalities 

• Torticollis

• Chairi Malformation

• Blind, Deaf

• Agenesis corpus callosum 

How Do We Engage Parts of the Brain for Optimum Therapy Results?

• Function 

• Impairment

• Treatment

• Combinations to reroute connections

Page 10: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Cerebellum

• Function: Responsible for skilled, smooth and coordinated movement, balance, posture, assists in walking, writing and speech, involved in some learning pathways, assists in precision and accurate timing

• Impairment: Tremors, ataxia, poor coordination and motor control, disorders in fine movement, equilibrium, posture and motor learning

• Treatment:  Combine movement with beat, music, add sensation for increased identification of the body part

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellum

Limbic System

• Emotional brain 

• Under lobes of cortex

• Use of music

• Decrease fight or flight

Occipital Lobe• Function:  Sight, visual data, routes to other areas of brain for identification and memory, visual processing of the mammal brain

• Impairment: Double vision, poor coordination of eye movements, difficulty with reading, depth perception, cortical blindness, visuospatial processing, color differentiation and motion perception

• Treatment: Visual tracking ‐ X,Y,Z axis, add hearing, balance with sensory overlay – vibration of cooling of body parts

Page 11: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Temporal Lobe

• Function: Language comprehension, hearing, balance, emotion association, visual memory, controls memory formation and storage area, hippocampus

• Impairment: Difficulty understanding and processing sounds and language, difficulty with object perception and recognition, may have difficulty recognizing faces or scenes

• Treatment:  Combinations of hearing, balance, emotion

Parietal Lobe

• Function:  Sensory and Motor, integration and processing of sensory information from the body, assists in calculation of speed and location of objects

• Impairment:  Misinformation related to sensation and motor movements, atypical muscle tone ‐ spasticity may appear as Primitive Reflex Patterns 

• Treatment:  Increase sensory information to body, assisted body movements over areas with little sensation – Carpals and condyles

Frontal Lobe• Function – Emotion, Executive function (later in life), houses working memory, manages emotions impulses, interpretation of facial expressions, plans steps to a goal, problem solving, conscious movement of muscles, 2 key areas related to speech (Broca’s area)

• Impairment – Fineas Gage – decreased emotional engagement and display, flat affect, difficulty assessing risk and danger

• Treatment – Join emotion to movements and music

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontal_lobe

Page 12: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Proprioception and the Kinesthetic Senses • Charles Bell 1862 – Described muscle sense and physiologic feedback mechanisms

• Charles Sherrington 1906 ‐Provide information from muscles, tendons and articular sources

• Link of proprioception information – semicircular canals – motion and orientation, Stretch receptors in muscles, tendons and joints

• Feedback loops – vision and vestibular

Instructional Modes for Proprioception

• Conscious proprioception travels to cerebrum – Requires teaching

• Instructional feedback ( posterior column‐medial lemniscus pathway)‐ Fix, James D.

(2002). Neuroanatomy. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 127.

• Subconscious proprioception to the cerebellum – Intensive training

• beat rhythm and pacing with music ( dorsal spinocerebellar tract, ventral spinocerebellar tract) –Swenson RS. "Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience, Chapter 7A: Somatosensory Systems". (online version

Dartmouth college). Retrieved 2017

Increased Proprioception• Needed after injury and surgical intervention

• Changes the nervous conduction of information to the central nervous system

• Make friends with the body part

• Tremor – common

• Sensory information to the brain –brushing, manual therapy, tapping, weight bearing, vibration, mirror, video

Page 13: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Concussions • Vision and vestibular dysfunction

• Can cause shearing action of neural conduction

• Poor communication between hemispheres

• Integration of both sides of the body and brain exercises and stimulation

• Corpus callosum consideration

• Contrecoup

https://www.quora.com/Which‐layers‐of‐the‐neocortex‐are‐damaged‐when‐a‐TBI‐occurs

Rewiring Hearing

• Born profoundly hard of hearing

• Given hearing aids 6 months of age

• Follow up appointment with Audiologist

• Neuroplasticity may have made additional connections

• Physician handed the hearing aids back to the Mother

Sensory Reorganization –> Motor Rehabilitation

• Neuroplasticity exercises – Combining lobe functions

• Assist in maintaining head and body positions, proprioceptive input and response, feedback loops

• Somatosensory interpretation and integration 

• Vestibular information related to movement

• Visual stimulation 

• Preparation in motor planning and movements

Page 14: Brain Functions can be Rewired - Rehab Summit · 2017-07-25 · Brain Functions can be Rewired •Acute and Chronic pain •Tremors –Ataxia ‐Nystagmus •Spasticity –High tone

Neuroplasticity – Unlimited Potential • Increase patient progress

• Improve home program compliance

• Reach the patient’s multifunctional brain to treat what is working and reconnect what is found to be not working

• The sooner you begin treatment – the better the results, because abnormal, compensatory pathways are minimalized.  

Build new pathways

• Save your patient’s function

• Increase their capabilities with neural combinations and rewiring.

• Use your brain connections 

• To help their brain conduction and correction

Questions?

• Karen Pryor PhD, PT, DPT

[email protected]

http://w

ww.crystalinks.com/biobrain.htm

l