Braingate

BRAINGATE

Submitted To: Charmi Purohit

Prepared By: Limbasiya Jignasha Kumbhani Minaxi

FY MSc(IT & CA)

Index

• Introduction• Type of BCI• Development• Brain Gate Research • Principle• Components• Working• How Information Transmitted• Software behind Brain Gate• Applications• Advantages and Disadvantages• Conclusion

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Introduction• Brain gate is an electrode chip

which can be implemented in the brain.

• When it is implemented in the brain, the electrical signal exchanged by neurons with in the brain.

• Those signals are sent to the brain and it executes body movement.

• All the signaling process is handled by special software.

• The signal sends to the computer and then the computer is controlled by patient.

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Types of BCI:

BCI Stands Brain Computer Interface

BCI – direct communication pathway between a brain or brain cell culture and a device (computer).

One way BCI– information passes from brain to computer or

computer to brain

Two way BCI– information is exchanged between brain and

computer

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• Brain Gate is a brain implant system.

• Developed by the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University.

Nicholas Halsopulas

Development

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• At first, rats were implanted with BCI .

• Signals recorded from the cerebral cortex of rat to operate BCI to carry out the movement.

Brain Gate Research in animalsBRAIN GATE


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MouseBCI.jpg

• Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had demonstrated on a monkey that can feed itself with a robotic arm simply by using signals from its brain.

It Worked!• Using only its mind the monkey was able to control a

cursor on a computer monitor via Brain Gate.

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• Since there were no complications in trials with monkeys

Next Step: Humans!

• In December 7, 2004, brain-computer interface had been clinically tested on a human by an American company Cyberkinetics.

• The Nature report describes the first participant in these trials, a 25-year-old man who had sustained a spinal cord injury leading to paralysis in all four limbs three years prior to the study.

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• The principle of brain gate neural interface system is that which intact with brain function, neural signals.

• It generated are interpreted by the systems and a cursor is shown to the user on a computer screen.

• That provides an alternate “Brain Gate pathway".

• User can use that cursor to control the computer, just as a mouse is used.

PrincipleBRAIN GATE


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The components in this system

The Neuro chip: A 4-millimeter square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin microelectrodes is embedded in the primary motor cortex the region of the brain responsible for controlling movement

The connector: When the user thinks “move cursor up and down”, the cortical neurons fire in a distinctive pattern: the signal is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:BrainGate.jpg

• The converter: The signal travels to a shoebox-sized amplifier mounted on the user’s wheelchair, where it’s converted to optical data and bounced by fiber-optic cable to a computer.

• The computer: The computer translates brain activity and creates the communication output using custom decoding software.

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Working

• The Brain Gate neural interface device is a propriety

brain-computer interface that consist of an Inter

neural signal sensor and External Processors.

• The sensor consists of a tiny chip containing 100

microscopic electrodes that detect brain cell

electrical activity.

• The chip is implanted on the surface of brain in the

motor cortex area that controls movement

MotorCortex

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Working (Cont.)

• External Processors convert neural signals into an output signal under the users own control.

• In the pilot version of the device, a cable connects the sensor to an external processor in a cart that contains computers.

• The computers translate brain activity and create the communication output using custom decoding software.

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How Information is Transmitted?

• When a work is done through any part of body then a potential difference is created in the brain.

• This potential difference is captured by the electrodes and is transmitted via fiber optic to the Digitizer(external processor).

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• The digitizer converts the signal into some 0’s and 1’s and that is feed into the computer.

• Now when external devices are connected to the computer ,then they work according to the thought produced in the motor cortex.

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Software behind Brain Gate…

The computers translate brain

activity and create the

communication output using

custom decoding software.

System uses adaptive

algorithms and pattern matching

techniques to facilitate

communication.

The algorithms are written in C,

JAVA, and MATLAB.

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Applications

• In Fox borough, a 25-year-old quadriplegic sits in a wheelchair with wires coming out of a bottle-cap-size connector stuck in his skull.

• The wires run from 100 tiny sensors implanted in his brain and out to a computer.

• Using just his thoughts, he was playing the computer game Pong

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Controlling robots by thoughts alone

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Advantages

• Controlling remote devices • Making and receiving telephone calls• Accessing the internet.• Turn on or off the lights • Control robotic arm• Watch and control television• Use the pc• Locking or unlocking doors

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Disadvantages

• Expensive• Risky Surgery• Not Wireless yet

•Difficulty in adaptation and learning.

•Limitation in information transform rate. The latest technology is 20 bits/min.

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Conclusion • The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in

medical field.

• The remarkable breakthrough offers hope that people who are paralysed will one day be able to independently operate artificial limbs, computers or wheelchairs.

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References

• www.slideshare.com• www.Wikipedia.com• www.BrainGate.com• www.Howstuffworks.com

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http://www.slideshare.com/

http://www.wikipedia.com/

http://www.braingate.com/

http://www.howstuffworks.com/

Queries

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Thank U...

jignasha & Minaxi

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