Branches of ScienceMrs. Geisler

Biology Bio- life

Ology – study of

Branches of Biology:

- Anatomy: study of the structure of organisms

- Genetics: heredity of living things

- Microbiology: microscopic living things

- Physiology: functions of the structures that make up living things.

- Taxonomy: study of the classification of organisms.

- Botany: study of plants

- Zoology: study of animals

- Ecology: study of interactions among organisms and their environment.

ChemistryStudy of the composition, structure, properties

and change of matter.

PhysicsStudy of movement of objects.

Independent and Dependent variables.

Independent Variable – “The Cause”The one thing that is changed in an experimentThis variable makes one test “independent” of

another test

Dependent Variable – “The Effect”The result of the experimentWhat is measuredThis “depends” on what you changed

The temperature of the water was measured at different depths of the lake.

Different depths Temperature

Independent V. Dependent V.

The amount of time you study will make a positive difference on your next test score.

Time studying Score on the next test

Independent V. Dependent V.

The higher the temperature of water, the faster the egg will cook

Temp of water time it takes to cook

IV DV

An investigation was done to see if keeping the lights on for different amount of time each day affected the number of eggs the chicken lay.

Amt. lights are on number of eggs layed

IV DV

The time it takes to run a mile depends on the amount of exercise a person gets.

Time to run a mile amt. of exercise

DV IV

Grass will grow taller if it is watered and fertilized more.

Height of grass watered and fertilized

DV IV

The amount of algae growth in lakes seems to be directly related to the number of sacks of fertilizer sold.

Amt. of algae growth fertilizer sold

DV IV

MeasurementsVolume – liters (base unit)

Length – meters (base unit)

Mass – grams (base unit)

Time – seconds (base unit)

Kids Having Doughnuts Usually Drink Chocolate Milk

Kili

Hecto

Deka

Unit

Deci

Centi

Milli

Monday: BellringerOn a piece of scrap paper, identify if each statement is

an inference or observation.

1. Problem/QuestionProblem

Ex. All the fish are dying in the river.

QuestionEx. I wonder what the inside of a fish looks like.

2. Gather InformationYou should gain knowledge so you can make an

educated hypothesis.

3. HypothesisIf__________then____________,because______________.

Will food coloring in water change the color of a carnation?

Will more light make plants grow taller?

4. ExperimentExperimental Group

Independent Variable - ManipulateDependent Variable - Data

Control GroupNo Independent Variable

5. Collect & AnalyzeData!

Identify qualitative or quantitative data.

1. There are four bubbles that formed.

2. The carnation is blue.

3. The plants grew more when there was added nitrogen in the fertilizer.

4. 68% of the ninth grade class received their laptops.

5. The student answered 9 out of 10 questions correct.

6. ConclusionAccept or Reject Hypothesis.

CommunicateThis is why a lab report is written!

Variable – root word = vary, meaning can change

Ex. Independent and dependent variable

English vs. Metric Units

Left Image: http://webapps.lsa.umich.edu/physics/demolab/controls/imagedemosm.aspx?picid=1167Right Image: http://share.lancealan.com/N800%20ruler.jpg

Which is longer?

A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer

B. 1 yard or 1 meter

C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter

1.6 kilometers

1 mile

1 yard = 0.9444 meters

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

Measuring Length

Ruler: http://www.k12math.com/math-concepts/measurement/ruler-cm.jpg

How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter?

What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm

What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm

What is the length of the line to the nearest centimeter? ________cm

HINT: Round to the nearest centimeter – no decimals.

1 centimeter = 10 millimeters

Metric Units

The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m.

Standard: The distance traveled by light in absolute vacuum in 1⁄299,792,458 of a second.

Metric Units

1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters

1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm)

1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm)

Which is larger?

A. 1 meter or 105 centimeters

B. 4 kilometers or 4400 meters

C. 12 centimeters or 102 millimeters

D. 1200 millimeters or 1 meter