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BR ZIL

Name : Ahmad Shazwan Shahmi bin Suhaimi

Class : 4 Batani

Teacher’s Name : Pn Suliana

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BACKGROUND

Brazil is the largest country in South Americaand Latin America. It is the world's fifth largestcountry, both by geographical areaand population. It is the largest lusophonecountry in theworld, and the only one in the Americas.

Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastlineof 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Surinameand theFrenchoverseas region of FrenchGuiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Boliviaand Peru; on the southwest by Argentinaand Paraguayand on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part ofBrazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countriesexcept Ecuadorand Chileand occupies 47 percent of the continent of South America.

Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing of explorer Pedro ÁlvaresCabralin 1500, who claimed the area for Portugal. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until1808, when the capital of the Portuguese Empirewas transferred from Lisbon to Rio deJaneiroafter French forces led by EmperorNapoleon Bonaparteinvaded Portugal. In 1815, it waselevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Braziland the Algarves.

Its independencewas achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary stategoverned under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the

bicameral legislature, now calledCongress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitutionin 1824. An authoritarian military juntaled the nation from 1964until 1985. Brazil'scurrentConstitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a federal republic. The Federation iscomposed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, and the 5,564municipalities.

The Brazilian economyis the world's seventh largest by nominal GDPand the seventh largest by purchasing power parity, as of 2012. A member of the BRICgroup, Brazil has one of the world'sfastest growing major economies, with its economic reforms giving the country newinternational recognition and influence. Brazil's national development bank(BNDES) plays animportant role for the country's economic growth. Brazil is a founding member of the United Nations, the G20, CPLP, Latin Union, the Organization of Ibero-American States,

the Organization of American States, Mercosuland the Union of South American Nations. Brazilis one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to a variety of wildlife, natural environments, andextensive natural resources in a variety of protected habitats. Brazil is a regional powerin LatinAmerica and a middle powerin international affairs, with some analysts identifying it asan emerging global power. Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffeefor the last 150years.

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BRAZIL WEDDING TRADITIONS

Brazil customs

The South American country of Brazil features a host of traditions and customs within itsculture. For Brazilian brides, these traditions lead to extravagant, fun-filled weddings.

Preparations

Bridesmaids and groomsmen are chosen months before the time of the wedding. Thoseselected consist of couples paired off at the altar, usually three men and three women for the brides side and more three men and three women for the grooms side. The groom arrives atthe wedding ceremony location first. The bride comes to the location, usually a church, at

least 10 minutes after the groom’s arrival. The two should not see each other before theceremony, however, as it is believed this will bring bad luck. In a military officer's wedding, the roles of groomsmen are replaced by swordsmen of the

sword honor guard. They are usually picked as close personal friends of the groom who havserved with him. Their role includes forming the traditional saber arch for the married coupand guests to walk through.

Some time before the wedding, usually about one month, either the bride, or her best friendsorganizes a “kitchen shower” (wedding shower) with the purpose of giving the bride anintimate reunion with her closest friends. This party used to be a “girls -only” event, and was

usually a small intimate party. Nowadays not only have the parties gotten bigger, but theyalso have started to admit men to the event. The person that is invited to this kind of partyusually gives the bride something for her kitchen; hence the name “kitchen shower”, and notwedding shower.

The wedding ceremony and party are usually paid by the wife’s family, although this is atradition that is not always followed, understandably because of the high costs involved.

Ceremony

Brazilian wedding ceremonies normally follow Christian traditions closely. The bride and

groom recite wedding vows to each other after a prayer is read. Then the bride and groomexchange wedding rings. These rings are usually engraved with the name of the groom onthe bride’s ring and the name of the bride on the groom’s r ing.

After the religious ceremony, the newlyweds usually throw a big party were they receive thecompliments from all the guests. The party usually happens in a different place, a private

party house that in Brazil is called a “ceremonial.” A lot of singin g and dancing goes onusually after the couple dances a Waltz.

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Reception

Receptions for Brazilian weddings involve food, drinks and music. The married couple givegifts to their parents, while the parents bestow a number of gifts upon the couple.

Anotherunique thing about the weddings in Brazil is a sweet called “bem casado” (wellmarried), which is normally given to the guests on their way out. It is considered to bringgood luck to the couple. Usually towards the end of the party or before the married coupleleaves, the bride throws her flower bouquet to her unmarried friends. The belief is thatwhoever catches the bouquet will be the next one to marry. One other tradition for offeringfortune to the couple is for the bride’s friends is to write their na mes on the inner part of the

bride’s dress. This is also said to help the unmarried bride’s friends to find a husband forthem.

The Brazilian culture is very rich with its numerous traditions, celebrations, and in many cases

superstitions. Wedding celebrations are definitely inserted in this context. This is considered afestive event for the Brazilian society and thus it is usually celebrated with a lot of music, danceand overall happiness.

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BRAZIL DANCES

Samba (Brazilian Dance)

Samba is a lively, rhythmical dance of Brazilianorigin in 2/4 timedanced under the Sambamusic. However, there are three steps to every bar, making the Samba feel like a 3/4 timeddance. Its origins include the Maxixe.

The Samba music rhythm has been danced in Brazil since its inception in the late 19th century.There is actually a set of dances, rather than a single dance, that define the Samba dancing scenin Brazil; thus, no one dance can be claimed with certainty as the "original" Samba style.

Another major stream of the Samba dance besides the Brazilian Samba dancing styles

is Ballroom Sambawhich differs significantly. This style is done with a partner in closed hold oropen positions including but not limited to hand to hand hold, or side by side positions.

Samba no pe :

Samba no pé is a solo dance that is most often danced impromptu when samba music is played.The basic movement involves a straight body and a bending of one knee at a time. The feet movvery slightly - only a few inches at a time. The rhythm is 2/4, with 3 steps per measure. It can bthought of as a step-ball-change. It can be described calling it and-a-one, and-a-two, then back t

one. The basic movement is the same to either side, where one foot moves to the outside liftingup just before the first beat (i.e. the right leg moves slightly to the right) and leg is kept asstraight as a pole. The other foot moves slightly towards the front, and closer to the first foot.The second leg bends lightly at the knee so that the left side of the hip lowers and the right sideappears to move higher. The weight is shifted to this inside foot briefly for the next "and-a", theshifted back to the outside foot on the "two", and the same series of actions is repeated towardsthe other side.

The dance simply follows the beat of the music and can go from average pace to very fast. Mendance with the whole foot on the ground while women, often wearing heels, dance just on the balls of the foot. Professionals may change the steps slightly, taking 4 steps per measure insteadof 3, and often add various arm movements depending on the mood of the music.

There are also regional forms of the dance in Brazil where the essential steps are the same, but because of a change in the accent of the music people will dance similar movements to theslightly changed accents. For instance, in Bahiathe girls tend to dance tilting their legs towardsthe outside instead of keeping their knees close to each other as in Rio de Janeiro.

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This is the type of Samba one sees in the Brazilian Carnival parades and in otherSamba carnivalsover the world. This is also one of the most popular sambas.

Samba de Gafiera :

Samba de Gafieira is a partner dance considerably different from the Ballroom Samba. Itappeared in the 1940s and it gets its name from the gafieira, popular urban nightclubs of Rio deJaneiro at that time.

The dance derived from the Maxixeand followed the arrival of the Choro(another sambamusical style). It left most of the Maxixe's Polkaelements behind but maintained the entwinedleg movements of the Argentine tango, although adopting a more relaxed posture than the latter.Many see this form of Samba as a combination of Waltzand Tango. Several Brazilian dancestudiosuse elements and techniques from these two dances to teach Samba de Gafieira steps anddance routines.

The steps are done on a short-short-long (quick-quick-slow) tempo and the basic step motiongoes as follows:

step - replace - forward (long) step - replace - backwards (long)

From its inception to nowadays the Samba de Gafieira has incorporated many acrobaticmovements and has evolved to become today's most complex dancing style of Samba in Brazil.

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BRAZIL FOODS AND DRINKS

Abará:Abará uses the same dough, made from black-eyed peas, as acara

difference is that the abará is steamed, while acarajé is fried.

Aberém:

A typical cuisine of Bahia, Aberém is a cookie of African-Brazilian

made from corn or rice that is stone ground, macerated in water, salte

cooked in dried banana leaves.

Acarajé:

Made from peeled black-eyed peasformed into a ball and then deep

dendê(palm oil). It is found in Brazilian cuisine and Nigerian cuisine

The dish is traditionally encountered in Brazil's northeastern state

especially in the city of Salvador, often as a street food.

Acaçá: A steamed porridgeof coconut milkand rice flour

Arabu:A typical Brazilian dish consisting of raw (or slightly cooked) turtle eg

accompanied by cassavaflour and seasoned with some salt.

Arrumadinho:

Made with cassava or jerky, farofa, vinaigrette, green beansand seaso

clarified butter

Bauru:

A popular Brazilian sandwich. The traditional recipe calls for cheese

(usually mozzarella) melted in a bain-marie, slices of roast beef, tomat

pickled cucumberin a French bun with the crumb (the soft inner p

removed.

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Beijinho:

Beijinhois a typical Brazilian birthday party candy prepared with

milk and grated desiccated coconut or milk powder. It's the cocon

the Brazilian brigadeiro. When rolled, it can be covered with granu

or grated coconut.Traditionally a single dried cloveis stuck in the top

candy.

BeijuouTapioca:

A Brazilian delicacy made with the starch extracted from cassava

as tapioca starch, tapioca, dry gum, tapioca or cassava starch. Th

on a griddle or skillet into a type of pancake or crepe dry in a hal

(or disk, in some regions).The filling varies, but the most traditio

made with coconut and cheese.

Bolacha sete-capas:

Composed of seven thin layers of a dough consisting of wheat flo

coconut milk, butter or margarine and hydrogenated vegetable fat.

Bolinho: Varieties include bolinho de bacalhau, bolinho de chuva, bolinho caipcheese balls,student cake and manioc cake.

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BRAZIL TRADITIONAL CUSTOM

Brazil is a fascinating country, especially in terms of its rich culture, history and heritage. Thefollowing customs and features are part of its diverse culture:

• The communication style of Brazilian locals is usually relaxed and fairly informal.

• During a conversation, it is not uncommon to be interrupted, as this is not perceived as being rude.

• Brazilians are quite direct in their manner of speaking as well as in what they say.

• When communicating, locals wi ll often touch one another lightly and stand closetogether. This applies even when two women are talking, or when a man and woman arein conversation. Do not mistake this for flirtation or inappropriate behaviour.

• People working in service provision ( such as construction workers, nurses and housecleaners) will often avoid eye contact with those perceived to be above them in socialstatus. Colleagues and friends will, however, usually maintain direct eye contact.

• Making brief eye contact with strang ers is acceptable and commonplace.

• Punctuality is not generally strictly adhered to. However, those in corporate situationsdo, generally, try to maintain good time-keeping. As a visitor to the country, you shoulddefinitely stick to meeting times out of respect.

• A close friendship is indicated by rubbing the two index fingers together.

• Thumbs up indicates approval, while thumbs down represents unhappiness anddisapproval.• Sucking your thumb indicates a feeling of being left out.

• Sticking your thumb between your middle and index finger (which is usually consideredto be a rude gesture in North America, South Africa, Australia and Europe) is a symbol o

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wishing someone good luck in Brazil.

• Women are generally expected to take care of all household chores.

• The legal drinking and smoking age is 18 years.

• Being in possession of a small quantity of drugs as a local generally results in a smallfine. However, being in possession as a foreigner is likely to lead to deportment and / ortime in prison.

• Brazilians are generally well dressed and neat.

• Corporate women should have manicured hands.

• In a work -related environment, it is not acceptable to wear jeans.

• If you do not know the marital state or academic qualification of the person to whomyou are speaking, refer to them by the same title that they used to addressed you (that is,if they called you Mr or Ms, use the same gender-appropriate title to refer to them).

• Hand business contacts your business card when you are introduced to them.

• If you are going to Brazil on business, have a batch of business cards printed in Englishwith Portuguese on the back. Then, present these cards to locals with the Portuguese sidefacing up.• Corporate meetings are almost always p receded by plenty of small talk, as Brazilianstend to deal with those in whom they trust (and, therefore, know to some degree).

• Brazilians are not generally confrontational, so take a calm, friendly approach when

dealing with them in business.

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BRAZIL MUSIC AND SONGS

Brazil has an ancient history, one that is complex and intricate. This has created a deep sense ofculture and heritage as an array of traditions, customs, colours, languages and religiousdenominations have settled in this South American nation. Music, song and danceremain anintegral part of the identity of a society. Even the most primitive of tribes tend to establish theirown sort of musical culture. As different people set up home throughout Brazil, each broughtwith them and developed their own unique style of song and music. With time, these differentstyles have evolved somewhat. Some have remained distinct and unique, while others haveinfluenced modern music and performance to a certain degree. This has created a characteristicsound for Brazil.

Although the native Amerindians that once occupied the jungles of South America had alreadyestablished their own styles of music, the European settlers formalised these as they began tointroduce formal musical instruments, as well as foreign languages (predominantly Portuguese)From the time of European occupation in the 16th century onwards, the music of Brazil took on particularly European identity. In addition, these settlers brought in huge numbers of African people to work for them as slaves. These ones had an established tribal style, which also began influence the Brazilian music identity significantly.

Today, Brazilian music is a complex integration of traditional folk music, modernexperimentalism and just about everything in-between. In terms of classical music, some of the

modern composers include Sílvio Ferraz, Ronaldo Miranda, and Jailton de Oliveira. The nationorchestras are internationally renowned for their skill and expertise.

Some of the other significant styles and types of music include:

• Capoeira – this traditional sport is never played without being accompanied by music, and isrhythmical and choreographed in nature. Both the sport and the music have very distinct roots ithe African culture and originated from when African slaves were brought over to Brazil by the

Europeans. These songs are usually about well-loved teachers or the actual history of Capoeira

• Carimbo – this originates in Eastern Amazonia and now dominates the area. In the 1960’ s, anelectrical element was introduced to it, creating a cutting-edge sound for the era. Thereafter,musicians manipulated it to include other sounds, such as reggae and salsa. As it evolved in this

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way, it became known as Lambada. When Lambada moved to Bahia, the local producers basedupon synthesized sounds, adding a light beat.

• Choro or Chorinho – this style of music is instrumental, and was born out of the cultural hubof Rio de Janeiro in the 1800’s. It was first played using a flute, guitar and cavaquinho (achordophone). Ernesto Nazareth was one of Brazil’s best known choro publishers, and his worksincluded polkas, waltzes, Brazilian Tangos and more.

• Samba – this was popular amongst the masses and played widely on the radio during a timewhen the radio was becoming widely known and loved in Brazil. Tambourines, flutes, guitarsand cuicas were the perfect instruments to create an appropriate Samba vibe.

Of course, musical genres, such as rock, heavy metal and pop music, are also found in Brazil an

are enjoyed by niche markets and, sometimes, the masses too.

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MY OPINION ABOUT THE CULTURE

From my opinion Brazil is the biggest and most beautiful country in South America. It have th biggest rain forest and the biggest river the Amazon in the world, one of the most modern capit

Brasilia. It have one the most beautiful city in the world, Rio Janerio. It have the best carnival inthe world. It is one the most multicultural country in the in world, a melting pot of races,europeans, asians, spanish, whites, blacks. The official language is portuguese but you can hearenglish ,spanish, german, chinese, criollo and a lot more. It have the most beautiful biggest beaches in South America, the biggest snake in the world, anaconda, boa and there are lot moreabout Brazil. Its cultures are very unique in various ways.