Breastfeeding MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing

Breastfeeding

MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing

Background

• Breastmilk alone contains all the nutrients, antibodies, hormones and antioxidants an infant needs to thrive.

• Breastmilk protects babies from diarrhea and acute respiratory infections, stimulates their immune systems and response to vaccination, and, according to some studies, confers cognitive benefits as well.

• Continued breastfeeding to two years, accompanied by appropriate complementary feeding, maintains good nutritional status and continues to help prevent diarrhea.

International Goals & Targets

To protect, promote and support exclusive

breastfeeding for 6 months and continued breastfeeding with safe, appropriate and adequate complementary

feeding up to 2 years of age and beyond

Background

WHO/UNICEF Feeding Recommendations

• Exclusive breastfeeding for first six months

• Continued breastfeeding for two years or more

• Safe, appropriate and adequate complementary

foods beginning at 6 months

• Frequency of complementary feeding: 2 times

per day for 6-8 month olds; 3 times per day for

9-11 month olds

Background

Recommended Breastfeeding Patterns

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Exclusive breastfeeding(0-5 months)

Complementary feeding

(6-9 months)

Continued breastfeeding

(12-15 months)

Continued breastfeeding

(20-23 months)

List of Indicators

• Exclusive breastfeeding rate (< 6 mos. & < 4 mos.)

• Timely complementary feeding rate (6-9 mos.)

• Continued breastfeeding rate (12-15 & 20-23 mos.)

• Timely initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 hour of birth)

• Frequency of complementary feeding (6-11 mos.)

• Adequately fed infants (0-11 mos.)

Definition of Indicator

Exclusive Breastfeeding (< 6 months)Percentage of infants exclusively breastfed for

the first six (or four) months of life

Numerator: Number of infants aged 0-5 (or 0-3) months exclusively breastfed

Denominator: Number of infants aged 0-5 (or 0-3) months surveyed

Methodological Issues

• “Current status approach” is used to calculate indicators – asks about feeding status within

24 hours of the survey. Caretakers asked the following for each child under five:- Whether child was ever and is currently breastfed

- What liquids or foods child was fed in preceding 24 hours

- How many times child was given non-liquid foods in 24 hours prior to interview

• Precision of indicators poor - Numbers of children in age ranges of interest (< 4 mos., < 6 mos. , 6-9 mos., 12-15 mos., 20-23 mos.) are likely to be small; precision of indicators lower than others


• Exclusive breastfeeding refers to infants who receive only breastmilk, or breastmilk and vitamins, mineral supplements or medicine

Tabulation PlanTable NU.3: Breastfeeding

Regional Exclusive BF

Exclusive Breastfeeding Rate (0-5 months)

43 41 3829

22 20

36

0

20

40

60

80

100

East A

sia/P

acifi

c

East/S

outh

ern A

frica

South A

sia

Mid

dle E

ast/N

orth A

frica

CEE/CIS

West

/Cen

tral A

frica

Devel

oping

countri

es

% infants exclusively breasfed for the first six months of life

Exclusive BF (ROSA)

Exclusive Breasfeeding Rate (0-5 months)

38

10

16

36

37

68

84

0 20 40 60 80 100

South Asia

Maldives

Pakistan

Bangladesh

India

Nepal

Sri Lanka

% infants exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life

Exclusive BF (WCARO)

20

124456

171718192021232424242526

353738

535657

0 20 40 60 80 100

West/Central Africa

NigerChad

CongoSierra LeoneCôte d'Ivoire

GabonCAR

NigeriaTogo

Burkina FasoMauritaniaCameroon

GuineaCongo, Dem Rep

Eq. GuineaSenegal

MaliGambiaLiberia

Guinea-BissauBenin

GhanaSao Tome/Principe

Cape Verde% infants

exclusively

breastfed

for the

first 6 months

of life

Exclusive BF (TACRO)

2791011

222424242526

31353535

383941

515456

6367

0 20 40 60 80 100

Trinidad and Tobago

Venezuela

Suriname

Dominican Republic

Guyana

Paraguay

Belize

El Salvador

Haiti

Panama

Colombia

Nicaragua

Costa Rica

Ecuador

Honduras

Mexico

Grenada

Cuba

Guatemala

Bolivia

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Chile

Peru % infants

exclusively

breastfed

for the

first 6 months

of life

Exclusive BF (EAPRO)

43

41112

1515

1923

2931

3440

47505151

59596062636565

80

0 20 40 60 80 100

East Asia/Pacific

ThailandAngola

CambodiaMyanmarViet Nam

Cook IslandsLao PDRMalaysia

Timor-LestePhilippines

IndonesiaFiji

VanuatuChina

MongoliaPalau

PNGMicronesia

TongaMarshall IslandsKorea, Dem RepSolomon Islands

Kiribati

% infants

exclusively

breastfed

for the

first 6 months

of life

Exclusive BF (ESARO)

41

7

9

11

13

15

19

21

21

24

30

33

34

40

41

44

52

55

62

63

67

84

0 20 40 60 80 100

East/Southern Africa

South Africa

Somalia

Angola

Kenya

Lesotho

Namibia

Comoros

Mauritius

Swaziland

Mozambique

Zimbabwe

Botswana

Zambia

Tanzania

Malawi

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Burundi

Uganda

Madagascar

Rwanda% infants

exclusively

breastfed

for the

first 6 months

of life

Exclusive BF (CEE/CIS)

22

6

6

7

11

13

18

19

21

22

23

24

30

36

37

50

0 20 40 60 80 100

CEE/CIS

Albania

Bosnia/Herzegovina

Azerbaijan

Serbia/Montenegro

Turkmenistan

Georgia

Uzbekistan

Turkey

Ukraine

Croatia

Kyrgyzstan

Armenia

Kazakhstan

Macedonia TFYR

Tajikistan % infants

exclusively

breastfed

for the

first 6 months

of life

Exclusive BF (MENA)

29

12

12

12

12

13

16

27

27

29

30

31

31

34

34

44

47

81

0 20 40 60 80 100

Middle East/North Africa

Iraq

Kuwait

Qatar

Yemen

Algeria

Sudan

Jordan

Lebanon

OPT

Egypt

Morocco

Saudi Arabia

Bahrain

UAE

Iran

Tunisia

Syria % infants

exclusively

breastfed

for the

first 6 months

of life


Timely Complementary Feeding (6-9 mos.)Percentage of infants aged 6-9 months that are receiving breastmilk and complementary food

Numerator: Number of infants aged 6-9 months that are receiving breastmilk and complementary food

Denominator: Number of infants aged 6-9 months surveyed


• Complementary feeding refers to children who receive breastmilk and solid or semi-solid food

Timely Complementary Feeding (6-9 months)

44 45 45 45

6065

69

51

0

20

40

60

80

100

Regional Complementary Feeding Coverage

Timely Complementary Feeding (6-9 months)

45

8

12

24

33

38

39

49

51

71

73

77

0 20 40 60 80 100

CEE/CIS

Macedonia, TFYR

Georgia

Albania

Serbia/Montenegro

Turkey

Azerbaijan

Uzbekistan

Armenia

Turkmenistan

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (CEE/CIS)

% infants aged 6-9 months who are breastfed with

complementary food

44

10

31

32

55

58

66

71

72

74

75

82

0 20 40 60 80 100

East Asia/Pacific

Lao, PDR

DPRK

China

Mongolia

Philippines

Myanmar

Thailand

Cambodia

PNG

Indonesia

Timor-Leste

Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (EAPRO)


complementary food

Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (WCARO)


complementary food

65

32363738

435153

5662626464646566

7073

7777787980

94

0 20 40 60 80 100

West/Central Africa

Mali

Guinea-Bissau

Gambia

Burkina Faso

Guinea

Sierra Leone

Sao Tome and Principe

Niger

Gabon

Ghana

Cape Verde

Nigeria

Senegal

Togo

Benin

Liberia

Côte d'Ivoire

Central African Republic

Chad

Mauritania

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Cameroon

Congo

69

13

34

43

43

46

51

57

57

60

67

75

77

78

79

80

84

87

90

9193

0 20 40 60 80 100


Somalia

Comoros

Eritrea

Ethiopia

Burundi

Lesotho

Botswana

Namibia

Swaziland

South Africa

Uganda

Angola

Madagascar

Rwanda

Mozambique

Kenya

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Tanzania, United Republic of

Malawi

Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (ESARO)

% infants aged 6-9 months who

are breastfed with

complementary food

45

1925

303638

414242

47

4750

54586061

676870

73747676

0 20 40 60 80 100

Latin America/Caribbean

Trinidad/Tobago

Suriname

Brazil

Mexico

Panama

DR

Cuba

Guyana

Chile

Costa Rica

Venezuela

Belize

Colombia

Paraguay

Honduras

Guatemala

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Haiti

Bolivia

El Salvador

Peru

Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (TACRO)


complementary food

Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (MENA)


complementary food

60

26

35

38

47

48

50

51

52

60

65

66

70

72

76

78

92

0 20 40 60 80 100


Kuwait

Lebanon

Algeria

Sudan

Qatar

Syrian Arab Republic

Iraq

United Arab Emirates

Saudi Arabia

Bahrain

Morocco

Jordan

Egypt

Yemen

Occupied Palestinian Territory

Oman

Complementary Feeding 6-9 months (ROSA)


complementary food

45

29

31

44

66

69

85

0 20 40 60 80 100

South Asia

Afghanistan

Pakistan

India

Nepal

Bangladesh

Maldives


Continued Breastfeeding (12-15 & 20-23 mos.)Percentage of infants aged 12-15 and 20-23

months who are currently breastfeeding

Numerator: Number of infants aged 12-15 or 20-23 months who are currently breastfeeding

Denominator: Number of infants aged 12-15 or 20-23 months surveyed

Regional Continued BF Coverage

Continued Breastfeeding Rate (20-23 months)

23 26 26 27

4858

69

46

0

20

40

60

80

100

Continued breasfeeding rate (20-23 months)

26

6

10

11

12

13

16

17

21

24

27

45

0 20 40 60 80 100

CEE/CIS

Albania

Macedonia, TFYR

Serbia/Montenegro

Georgia

Armenia

Azerbaijan

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Turkey

Turkmenistan

Uzbekistan

Continued breastfeeding (CEE/CIS)

% infants

still

breastfeeding

(20-23 months)

58

8

11

25

30

35

37

37

45

50

55

57

58

58

62

64

65

71

77

7785

0 20 40 60 80 100


Somalia

Botswana

Swaziland

South Africa

Zimbabwe

Namibia

Angola

Comoros

Uganda

Tanzania

Kenya

Lesotho

Zambia

Eritrea

Madagascar

Mozambique

Rwanda

Ethiopia

Malawi

Burundi

Continued breastfeeding (ESARO)

% infants

still

breastfeeding

(20-23 months)

48

91313

2934

3842

4549

52535354

576162

6566676769

7381

0 20 40 60 80 100

West/Central Africa

Gabon

Cape Verde

Congo

Cameroon

Nigeria

Côte d'Ivoire

Sao Tome/Principe

Liberia

Senegal

Congo, Dem Rep

CAR

Sierra Leone

Gambia

Mauritania

Niger

Benin

Togo

Chad

Ghana

Guinea-Bissau

Mali

Guinea

Burkina Faso

Continued breastfeeding (WCARO)

% infants

still

breastfeeding

(20-23 months)

27

12

15

26

27

32

35

37

47

57

59

59

66

67

0 20 40 60 80 100

East Asia/Pacific

Malaysia

China

Viet Nam

Thailand

Philippines

Timor-Leste

DPRK

Lao, PDR

Mongolia

Cambodia

Indonesia

PNG

Myanmar

Continued breastfeeding (EAPRO)

% infants

still

breastfeeding

(20-23 months)

Continued breastfeeding (ROSA)

% infants

still

breastfeeding

(20-23 months)

69

54

56

66

73

92

94

0 20 40 60 80 100

South Asia

Afghanistan

Pakistan

India

Sri Lanka

Nepal

Bangladesh

Continued breastfeeding (MENA)

% infants

still

breastfeeding

(20-23 months)

23

0

6

9

11

11

12

15

21

22

22

23

27

29

30

31

40

41

73

0 20 40 60 80 100


Iran

Syria

Kuwait

Lebanon

OPT

Jordan

Morocco

Qatar

Algeria

Tunisia

Libya

Iraq

UAE

Saudi Arabia

Egypt

Sudan

Bahrain

Oman

26

9

10

11

12

16

17

21

21

23

25

25

30

31

31

34

39

43

46

4749

0 20 40 60 80 100

Latin America/Caribbean

Cuba

Trinidad/Tobago

Suriname

Costa Rica

DR

Brazil

Mexico

Panama

Belize

Colombia

Ecuador

Haiti

Guyana

Venezuela

Honduras

Nicaragua

El Salvador

Bolivia

Guatemala

Peru

Continued breastfeeding (TACRO)

% infants

still

breastfeeding

(20-23 months)


Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding (within 1 hour of birth)

Percentage of women that initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth

Numerator: Number of women with a live birth in the 2 years prior to the survey that put the newborn infant to the breast within one hour of birth

Denominator: Number of women surveyed with a live birth in the 2 years prior to the survey


• Initial breastfeeding (within 1 hour of birth) has a denominator of women surveyed having a live birth within the 2 years prior to the survey

Tabulation PlanTable NU.2: Initial Breastfeeding


Frequency of Complementary Feeding (6-11 mos)

Percentage of infants aged 6-11 months receiving breastmilk and complementary feeding at least the

recommended number of times per day

Numerator: Number of infants aged 6-11 months receiving breastmilk and complementary feeding at least the recommended number of times per day (2 times per day for infants aged 6-8 mos.; 3 times for those 9-11 mos.)



Adequately Fed Infants (0-11 mos.)Percentage of infants aged 0-11 months that

are appropriately fed

Numerator: Number of infants aged 0-11 months that are appropriately fed: infants aged 0-5 months that are exclusively breastfed and infants aged 6-11 months that are breastfed and ate solid or semi-solid foods the appropriate number of times yesterday


Tabulation PlanTable NU.4: Adequately Fed Infants

Infant Feeding Patterns




Tabulation PlanTable NU.3W: Infant Feeding Patterns by Age

Documents

Breastfeeding MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing