Breeding open‐pollinated tomatoes with great flavor Open... · Oregon State University: ... Step 1: Identifying breeding goals •Red slicer •Indeterminate growth habit •Flavor:

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Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MI

Breeding open‐pollinated tomatoes with great flavor

2019 HortCongress

Lori Hoagland, PhD

Associate Professor and Soil Microbial Ecologist

Dept. of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

Purdue University


Tomatoes• One of the most important vegetable crops worldwide

• Popular crop in local food systems

• Indiana – 2nd in U.S. in processing tomato production

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Organic & low‐input production practices

• Challenge: dealing with production constraints without the application of synthetic pesticides and nutrients


Tomato grower survey

• What is the most important trait you look for in a tomato variety?

http://www.bhg.com/gardening/vegetable/vegetables/top‐heirloom‐tomato‐varieties/

Hoagland et al., 2015 HortScience 50(9):1301‐1308

• Heirloom varieties ‐ low yield, susceptible to agronomic constraints (cracking, disease, etc.)

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Tomato grower survey

Hoagland et al., 2015 HortScience 50(9):1301‐1308

• What is your greatest production challenge?

http://livegpath.cals.cornell.edu/gallery/tomato/tomato‐late‐blight/

Late Blight

• Foliar diseases ‐ Late blight (Phytophthorainfestans)

‐ Early blight (Alternaria solani)‐ Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici)

Disease management


Options for mitigating foliar diseases• New disease resistant tomato hybrids

• Start with clean plant material

(seeds/transplants free from disease)

• Protect plants from soil splash via rain

‐ mulch, raised beds, pruning lower leaves

• Growing plants under cover (high and low tunnels)

‐ reduces susceptibility to some pathogens, but can increases

susceptibility to others (ie. gray mold, root pathogens)

• Increase air movement (fans, pruning, etc.)

• Copper based fungicides

eOrganic WebinarOrganic Tomato Foliar

Pathogen IPM

flavor??/can’t save seed

soil and water quality issues

some can still blow in

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• kkk

Oregon State University: Jim Myers, Kara Young

Purdue University: Lori Hoagland, Dan Egel, TesfayeMengiste, LissethZubieta, Curtis Marchino, AmitJaiswal

North Carolina A&T State University:Sanjun Gu, John Beck

North Carolina State University:Jeanine Davis, Luping Qu, Margaret Bloomquist

University of Wisconsin‐Madison: Julie Dawson, Kitt Healy, Brian Emerson

Organic Seed Alliance: Micaela Colley, Jared Zystro, Laurie McKenzie, Cathleen McClusky

Funding provided by: National Institute for Farming and Agriculture (NIFA). Award #2014-51300-22267. Period of funding 2014-2019.

Plant breeders, plant pathologists, soil microbial ecologists


Bioproducts

Induced Systemic Resistance

Varietal Development

Interdisciplinaryresearch approach

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Bioproducts



eOrganic WebinarUsing Biofungicides, Biostimulants and Biofertilizers to manage foliar pathogens…

• Biofungicides and biostimulants



Bioproducts



Enhanced defensive state in plants mediated by beneficial soil microbes


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Bioproducts



Research approach

New organic tomato varieties

• Disease resistance• Good flavor

eOrganic WebinarsOrganic tomato varietal

Improvement&

Organic tomato seed production


TOMI Breeding Project:High quality, disease resistant, open-pollinated slicer tomatoes

with GOOD FLAVOR

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Differences from a traditional breeding program

• All selections conducted under organic management

Farmers evaluating TOMI plots in Corvallis, OR

• Selections conducted at multiple locations across the U.S. (broad vs. local adaption)

• Farmer participation


Step 1: Identifying breeding goals

• Red slicer

• Indeterminate growth habit

• Flavor: balance of sweetness & acidity

• Texture

• Appearance

• Resistant to foliar diseases:– Early blight

– Late blight

– Septoria leaf spot

– Verticillium wilt

– Fusarium wiltSoil‐borne pathogens

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Step 2: Choosing parents and making crosses


• NC 1 CELBR and NC 2 CELBR

– Resistance to LB, Vert, and Fus

• ‘Wisconsin 55’

– Good flavor

– Moderate EB and LB resistance

• ‘Crimson Sprinter’

– Good flavor

– SLS resistance

Parents

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Step 3: Selecting from segregating breeding

populations

Tomato Organic Management and Improvement ProjectT MIWisc 55

x NC 1Wisc 55 x NC 2

CSX NC 1

CSX NC 2

F1 plants

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CSX NC 1

CSX NC 2

F1 plants

F2 plants



CSX NC 1

CSX NC 2

F1 plants

F2 plants

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CSX NC 1

CSX NC 2

F1 plants

F2 plants

F3 families



CSX NC 1

CSX NC 2

F1 plants

F2 plants

F3 families

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Tomato resistance genes• Late blight ‐> Ph1,Ph2,Ph3,Ph5

• FusariumWilt ‐> I2, I3• VerticilliumWilt ‐> Ve• Tomato Mosaic Virus ‐> Tm1, Tm2, Tm2a

Step 4: Use marker assisted selection to narrow down the # of populations


Wisc 55 x NC 1Families

CS x NC 1Families

CS x NC 2Families

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CS x NC 1Families

CS x NC 2Families



CS x NC 1Families

CS x NC 2Families

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CS x NC 1Families

CS x NC 2Families

Step 5: New backcrosses to further stabilize & improve the most desirable traits


Screening for disease incidence & severity

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Screening for yield


Screening for flavor

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Summary of 2018 Field Trial Results in Indiana

Green is goodRed is bad

keep

drop


Next steps for our breeding program• “404‐1‐WA” now genetically stable and still excellent –>

‐ working towards releasing as a commercial variety soon

‐ will be tested in summer 2019 by commercial seed companies

• Continued trialing of

“404‐1‐WA” and advanced

accessions in on‐farm and

research station trials

combined with best

management practices

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In the meantime…. what tomato varieties are best in organic systems?

Results of our initial variety trials (2011‐2012)

Results of Julie Dawson’s variety trials (OF/HT)

Hoagland et al., 2015 HortScience 50(9):1301‐1308 Healy et al., 2017 Ren. Ag. Food Sys, 32(6):562‐572; eXtension article

• Arkansas Traveler (heirloom) ‐ yield/flavor

• Green Doctor (early modern) ‐ yield/flavor/small fruit

• Mountain Series (R. Gardener NCSU F1’s)‐Mountain Magic (F1)

yield/flavor/small fruit

Yield more important than price premium for heirlooms

• Defiant (F1 Johnny’s)‐ yield/flavor

• Caiman (F1 Vitalis; bred for HT)‐ yield (greatest in HT)/flavor avg.

• Garden Series (H. Klee UF F1’s)‐ e.g. Garden Gem

yield/flavor/small fruit

U. Wisc.


Thank you for your attention!

Questions?

Documents

Breeding open‐pollinated tomatoes with great flavor Open... · Oregon State University: ... Step 1: Identifying breeding goals •Red slicer •Indeterminate growth habit •Flavor: