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Breeding Policy-Action Plan

Sahiwal Dairy Cattle Breed

• Global animal genetic resource

• High milk producing ability amongst zebu cattle under harsh climatic conditions

• Resistant against tropical diseases

• Ticks and heat tolerant

• Twenty nine countries use Sahiwal as purebred and for crossbreeding

• 2.061 Million in Punjab (Census 2006)

• Depletion of breed day by day due to

a. Change in agriculture system

b. Indiscriminate crossbreeding

c. Buffalo Preference

SAHIWAL DAIRY CATTLE BREED National Dairy Champion 2004

• Sahiwal Cow ID: J 4/94 (SHARIFAN)• Owner Name: LES Jahangirabad Distt: Khanewal• Milk Yield: - 36.0 kgs/36hrs

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Sahiwal are among the largest Zebu cattle, with a mature weight for cows of

360-400 Kg, and for bulls 540-640 Kg. Females have brown to reddish dun

colour whereas males have a darker colour around the orbit, neck and hind

quarters. The body is wedge shaped with soft loose skin with voluminous

dewlap and sheath. Cows have short head and drooping ears, black muzzle,

eye lids and tuft of tail. The bulls have broad forehead, small eyes, black

muzzle, broad chest, very loose sheath, pendulous dewlap and a large hump,

which often leans to one side. The cows have large and strong udder with

prominent veins and big teats. The horns are small and commonly loose in

the females. Males have stumpy horns. Sahiwal bullocks have a reputation of

being lethargic when used for draught, but are quite suitable for heavy and

slow work.

BREED CHARACTERISTICS

100737Total registered14more than 1001951-100 animals1746-50 animals11041-45 animals21736-40 animals32031-35 animals32526-30 animals85721-25 animals86016-20 animals

1611611-15 animals251836-10 animals 312291-5 animals

%ageNo. of farmersNo. of animals

Sahiwal Cattle Holdings

PRE-INDEPENDENCE INITIATIVES FOR SAHIWAL BREED CONSERVATION

Sahiwal Cattle Farm Jahangir Abad

Year of Leasing: 1915

Leased Land: 4190 acres

Lease ended/shifted: 1976

Animals supplied: Cows and heifers 4638

Males as bullocks 1770

Breeding bulls 8608

Animals exported: China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Gulf states,

Kenya, South Africa and Sri Lanka.

ALLAH DAD CATTLE FARM JEHANIAN MULTAN

Year of Leasing: 1917

Leased Land: 4056 acres

Lease ended/shifted: 1976

DATAR SINGH FARM MONTGOMARY

Year of Leasing: 1920

Leased Land: 485 acres

Lease ended/shifted: 1953

GAO PAL SCHEME: Gao Pal scheme was launched in Okara area during 1922.

SAHIWAL CATTLE IMPROVEMENT SCHEME

initiated in 1938-39 and was terminated during 1952-53.

PRE-INDEPENDENCE INITIATIVES FOR SAHIWAL BREED CONSERVATION

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POST-INDEPENDENCE INITIATIVES FOR SAHIWAL BREED CONSERVATION

ESTABLISHMENT OF LIVESTOCK FARMS IN PUBLIC SECTOR

82761135--LES Sher garh

982151077001980LES, Khizarabad

513149035601979GLF, Kallurkot

941126933731976LES, Jahangirabad

54575018531973LES, Fazilpur

300 bulls2852851973SPU Qadirabad

1054156330501962LES, Bahadurnagar

RemarksLivestockStrength

Area under direct Cultivation(Acres)

Total Land(Acres)

Year of Establishment

Name of Institution

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION OFSAHIWAL CATTLE (RCCSC), JHANG

RESEARCH CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION OFSAHIWAL CATTLE (RCCSC), JHANG

OBJECTIVES

• Maintenance of nucleus herd of superior germ plasm of Sahiwal cattle.

• Registration and documentation of institutional and private Sahiwal cattle farms/herds.

• Performance recording for genetic evaluation and herd management.

• Identification of superior germ plasm.• Publishing and dissemination of sire/cow summaries.• Conducting research on conservation and genetics.• Collaboration with national and international institutions

involved in breed development programmes.

Director 1 (19)

Deputy Director (HQ) 1(18) RO GA 1 (18) RO PR 2 (18)

Zone=I+IIFarm Superintendent

1 (18)

Assistant Director 1(HQ) 1 (18)

Admin. Officer 1 (17) Veterinary Officer 1 (17)

Officer Superintendent Est. 1 (18)

Office Superintendent B&A 1 (16) Electrician 1(6)

Truck Driver1 (4)Office Assistant 1 (14)

Stenographer Cum Computer Operator 1 (12)

Cameraman/Video Operator 1 (11)

Senior Clerk 2 (9)

Store Keeper 1 (9)

Junior Clerk 2 (7)

Assistant StoreKeeper 1 (7)

Vehicle Driver 2 (4)

Naib Qasid 2 (1)

Accountant 1 (14)

Computer Operator1 (12)

Cashier 1 (9)

Bill Clerk 1 (7)

Naib Qasid 1 (1)

Vehicle Driver 2 (4)

Naib Qasid 1 (1)

Tubewel/Generator Driver 1 (2)

Chowkidar 3 (1)

Mali 2 (1)

Sweeper 3 (1)

Sanitary worker 1 (1)

ARO GA 1 (18)

Veterinary Officer 7 (17)

Computer Operator6 (12)

Stock Recorder 5 (9)

Vehicle Driver 2 (4)

Naib Qasid 1 (1)

Cattle Attendant (CRC) 16 (1)

ARO PR 2 (18)Zone=I+II

Veterinary Officer8 (17)

Computer Operator2 (12)

Lab. Tech. 1 (11)

Cameraman/Video Operator 1 (11)

Stock Recorder 45 (9)

Junior Clerk 1 (7)

Vehicle Driver 10 (4)

Naib Qasid 10 (1)

Lab. Attendant 1 (1)

Farm Manager 1 (18) Crop Husbandry Officer 1 (18)

Livestock Officer 1 (18)

Veterinary Officer 2 (17)

Veterinary Assistant 7 (9)

Stock Supervisor 2 (5)

Field Assistant 7 (9)

Tractor Driver 7(5)

Carpenter 1 (5)

Guard 1 (1)

Office Superintendent1 (16)

Office Assistant 1 (14)

Cashier 1 (9)

Store Keeper 1 (9)

Assist: Store Keeper 1 (7)Mechanic 1 (5)

Milk Recorder 1 (7)

Milk Salesman 1 (7)

Electrician 1 (6)

ORGANIZATION CHART

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201010--Distribution of breeding bulls to non-registered breeders

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402020--Special Stipend to elite cows (≥ 20 lit. of milk)13

211--Coordination with other institute 12

400150250--Purchase of Sahiwal calves11

250015001000--Artificial insemination 50% of Registered cows

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14700105004200--De-worming of Calves(70% of the total cows)

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1080006000048000--Vaccination (Cows & other animals) HS and FMD

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1688--Sahiwal Cattle shows 7

752--Research publication6

1064--Research trials conducted 5

211110--Total

1266--Govt.

954--PrivateNo. of Evaluations of Sahiwal herds

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1055--Total

1--1--Govt.

954--PrivateIdentification of Nucleus Sahiwal herds

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250015001000Performance recording of Sahiwal herds (in milk %age = 50)

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500030002000--PrivateRegistration of Sahiwal cows1

TotalYear-IIIYear-IIYear-IActivityS. No.

STATEMENT SHOWING THE YEAR WISE QUANTITATIVE ACTIVITIES/TARGETS OF RCCSC, JHANG

RCCSC Breeding Strategy

Nucleus

(Pre Nucleus)

Intensive Farming

Extensive Farming

Open NucleusClose Nucleus

15 progeny tested bull sires

(50%)

Test Herd15000 Heads of Sahiwal Cows

-------------------------------------------Nucleus Herd

(25% of test herd)3750 Nucleus Herd

BREEDING PLAN OF RCCSC (Phase-II)

23 died @ 7 % of mortality or culled due to any physical abnormality in the dams

305 Bull calves

Remaining 45% (137) bull calves will be sold to non registered farmer of other than the project area for natural mating

168 Bull calves

Select top 60 % on the basis of selection index (Growth 10 % + age at maturity 20 % + weight at maturity 30 % + Development of sexual organs 40 %)

Elite Herd938 Cows

(25 % of theNucleusHerd on the basis of

positive B.V)

From 328 Female progeny of proven bulls sires and elite dams (70 % Fertility and 50 %Sex Ratio) will be used as the replacement of herd

151 Bulls ready for test mating 17 bulls culled

under Semen Test 10 %

30 progenytested bulls(20%)

Male Progeny of proven bull sires and elite dams with 70 % Fertility and 50 %Sex Ratio 328 Bull

calves

Expected Total Genetic Improvement per Generation = 130 kg

Breeding Plan of RCCSC

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RCCSC Nucleus HerdsGovt. Farms• Jahangirabad, Khanewal• Bahadurnagar, Okara• Khizarabad, Sargodha• Kaloor Kot, Bhakar• Fazalpur, Rajanpur• Shergarh, Okara • University of Agriculture Faisalabad

33 Bull Mother Farms• Jhang 6• Khanewal 6• Toba Tek Singh 3• Sahiwal 5• Okara 4• Faisalabad 1• Hafizabad 2• Layyah 1• Rahim-Yar Khan 2• Pakpattan 1• Sargodha 1• Nankana Sahib 1

RCCSC COWS & Bulls Evaluation

82 Bulls149 Bulls231Bulls2009-10

1734374Semen Doses Produced

144RCCSC Bulls at SPU Qadirabad

100 Young bulls at CRC Jehangirabad

RCCSC Bulls under Progeny testing

383 Cows1004 Cows1387 Cows2009-10

Negative EBVsPositive EBVsCows/Bulls Evaluated Year

• Total trials 28• Embryoes flushed 129• Emryoes transferred 75• Embryoes freezed 74• Recipients pregnant 06• ET calves born 11• Embryoes reserved 54

Embryo Transfer Technology Trials

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Ist Sahiwal Bull Produced Through Embryo Transfer Technology

Secretary L&DD, Department alongwith Director Generals graced the “Photo Session” on 19-03-2009.

ET Sahiwal Bull Donating Semen at SPU Qadirabad

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RCCSC Publications1. Pamphlet on Project Introduction (Urdu)

2. Folder on Project Introduction (English)

3. RCCSC Incentives

4. Annual Report (2003-04 to 2004-05)

5. Annual Report (2005-06)

6. Annual Report (2006-07)

7. Annual Report (2007-08)

8. Project Performance Report (2003-04 to 2007-08)

9. Annual Report (2008-09)

10. Book on Melajat (Urdu)

1. Annual Report (2009-10)2. RCCSC Sire Summary 2010-113. RCCSC Breeders Directory

Publication in progress

Incentives to Registered Breeders/Farmers

A) Free of cost:-

» Vaccination

» De-worming of calves

» Artificial Insemination

B) Provision of Sahiwal bulls

C) Purchase of calves out of elite cows at premiumprice (Rs. 0.020 to 0.040m)

D) Prizes to winners of milk and breed competition

E) Special stipend of Rs. 0.60 mill to top cows yielding ≥ 18 kg/day Milk.

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BREEDING POLICY FOR DAIRY CATTLE IN PUNJAB

•Improvement in milk production of dairy cattle breeds (Sahiwal and cholistani) through selection

•Improvement in reproductive performance of cattle through reduction in age at first

calving and calving interval

•Grading up of non-descript cows under subsistence production system with Sahiwal,

Cholistani, Dajal and Dhanni in their respective home tracts

•Maintaining the desired level of exotic inheritance (50-75 %) in diary crossbred cattle for

their optimum performance.

•Availability of good quality indigenous animals for draft and beef purposes

•Regulation of breeding services including private initiatives

•Conservation and development of recognized cattle breeds such as Rojhan, Dajal, Lohani,

Kankraj, Tharparkar, Haryana and Hissar etc through inter-provincial initiatives.

ACTION PLAN

RCCSC: Planning and execution of PTP.DLF, LPRI: Collaborative units under PTP. Implementation of RCCSC breeding plan.DBI: collaboration in semen collection and storage. SCBS: Collaboration in selection of bulls and semen of proven bulls.

RCCSCDLFLPRIDBISCBS

Registered farms will be added to the

existing program of Sahiwal breed.

Establishing progeny testing programme

RCCSC: Identification of elite cows after data analysis. DLF,LPRI: Provision of data regarding performance. SCBS: Collaboration in selection of elite cows.

RCCSCDLFLPRISCBS

Recording would be simple (monthly) for all cows of a farmer.Top 20% recorded

cows within a village/centre declared

as elite.

Identification of elite Sahiwals in the milk

recorded herds

RCCSC: Monthly Milk recording through field staff. DLF,LPRI: Weekly Milk Recording of their Sahiwal herds. SCBS: Collaboration and monitoring in field milk recording.

RCCSCLPRIDLFSCBS

300 cows 1st year followed by 40/

annum.

Milk Production recording

RCCSC: Identification, tagging /branding, registration DLF,LPRI: Collaboration of their Sahiwal herds at LESs for PTP.SCBS: Collaboration and assistance in registration.

RCCSCLPRIDLFSCBS30 farms in 1st Year

followed by 5/annum.Registration of Sahiwal

cattle farmsSelective BreedingImproving Milk Production

Role of stakeholdersAction byTarget/Time FrameProgramStrategyObjective

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RCCSC: Conduction of Sahiwal cattle shows.SCBS: Collaboration in cattle shows.

RCCSCSCBSCash awards and

other incentives

Organizing milk and breed competitions in

cattle shows

Expansion of Sahiwal breeder

Association

RCCSC: Conduction of ET / IVF trials.RV & FC: Collaboration in ET Technology.SCBS: Linkage with breeders for ET.

RCCSCRV & FCSCBS

Military Dairy Farms, Nucleus herds of DLF

and LPRI

Conduction of Research trials on

ETT/ IVF technology

Utilizing ET/ IVF technology

RCCSC: Identification of pure breed herds and farms.SCBS: Collaboration in identification

RCCSCSCBS

Identification of new Sahiwal pure breed

herds/farms

Establishment of breed specific farms in public and private

sector

Maintenance of Nucleus Herds

Breed Development

RCCSC: Breeding management package through field staff.DBI: collaboration in extension services. SCBS: Collaboration in extension services.

RCCSCDBISCBS

Govt. farms and registered private

farms through improved extension

services

Reproductive Performance

Reducing age at first calving & reduction in

calving interval

Improvement in

Reproductive Efficiency

RCCSC Research Center for Conservation of Sahiwal Cattle DBI Directorate of Breed ImprovementDLF Directorate of Livestock Farms LPRI Livestock Production Research InstituteBLPRI Barani Livestock Production Research InstituteSCBS Sahiwal Cattle Breeders SocietyRV&FC Remount Veterinary and Farms CorpLG Local GovernmentLFBA Livestock Farmers and Breeders AssociationPTP Progeny Testing Program