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Innovation and Knowledge Transfer The role of the individual
Brian Fender
Innovation through Knowledge Transfer
Hampton Court Palace
2nd December 2009
1BF IKT December 2009
Innovation
Knowledge
+
SKILL
+
Problem (market need)
+
CREATIVITY
+
Benefit
BF IKT December 20092
Research into Innovatione.g. Oxford Handbook of Innovation
• Economic
– Economic growth; competiveness; employment
• Geographic
– Regional (clusters); national; globalisation
• Processes
– Nurturing; organizational; measurement
• Social
– Explicit and tacit knowledge; diffusion; networks; individual competences
BF IKT December 20093
Innovation
Benefit Economic
Geographic
Process; Social
Outcomes Social
Creativity
Problem (market need)
Skill
Knowledge
Process;Social
Knowledge Transfer1. Matching with the market
(complementary)2. Transfer of knowledge to
a new field
BF IKT December 20094
Creativity
Eureka moments
– Creativity > problem
• Fleming – penicillium notatum (Florey and Chain)
• Townes - Schawlow (Gould) – laser
• Watson and Crick (Wilkins & Franklyn) – double helix – human genome project
• Mandelbrot – fractals
;;and others
BF IKT December 20095
Development of the Endoscope
• What is a
6BF IKT December 2009
From Endoscopy to LaparoscopyHistorical progression
• 1932 semi-flexible gastroscope
• Early 1950s fibre-optic endoscopy
– Peters, Curtiss and Hirshowitz (University of Michigan)
• Poor glass, difficult to form fibre bundles; cross talk between fibres
• 1956 Curtis –composite glass fibre
– Development work with manufacturers
• 1961 obviously improved instrument
• Late 1960s colonoscopy; late 70’s video-guided endoscopy
• 1983 replacement of the optic fibre bundle with ccd chip
• 1970’s and 80s Increasing levels of laparoscopy (gynecological)
– collaboration between gynecologists and manufacturers - crucial
• Late 1980s adoption of endoscopes and laparoscopes by general surgeons
• 1990 more than 80 companies started to develop laparoscopy products
• 1990s Gall-stone surgery transformed into laparoscopic procedure
7BF IKT December 2009
Grand Challenges for EngineeringUS National Academy of Engineering
• Make solar energy economical• Provide energy from fusion• Provide access to clean water• Reverse engineer the brain• Advance personalised learning• Develop carbon sequestration methods• Engineer the tools of scientific discovery• Restore and improve urban infrastructure• Advance health informatics• Prevent nuclear terror• Engineer better medicines• Enhance virtual reality• Manage the nitrogen cycle• Secure cyber space
BF IKT December 20098
Make solar energy economical
9BF IKT December 2009
Goals of the Grand Challenge Summits
• Enhance student interest in engineering and science.
• Increase the visibility and importance of engineering and science to society.
• Underscore the importance of recognizing that engineering education must be coupled to policy/business/law and must be student-focused.
• Enhance student interest in engineering, science, and technology entrepreneurship.
• Foment future collaborations of interested scientists,
engineers, policy makers and researchers in business, law,
social sciences and humanities needed to successfully address
these complex societal issues.
10BF IKT December 2009
Innovation
Knowledge
+
SKILL
+
+
CREATIVITY
+
Benefit
BF IKT December 2009
Problem
11
Conceptualising Innovation
12BF IKT December 2009
GlaxoSmithKline and Open Innovation
• Centre for Excellence for Drug Discovery"At the Center of Excellence for External Drug Discovery, we have a
single goal: to support the development of “best from anywhere”science. Our focus is on developing alliances with world-class research and development organisations that, like us, are open to innovation – not just in science, but in all aspects of the discovery process."
• GSK partners with UK Government and Wellcome Trust to stimulate innovation through the creation of a world-class science park
...aims to create a world-leading hub for early-stage biotechnology companies. The campus (at Stevenage) will pioneer a new operating model of open-innovation that should strengthen and grow the UK bioscience sector. It is hoped that this campus, supported by Government, business and academia, will compete with those inBoston, California and North Carolina in the United States”
13BF IKT December 2009
Innovation IBM[The wisdom of crowds – James Surowiecki]
• World Jam2001
– a new collaborative medium to capture best practices on 10 urgent IBM issues. 6000 posts; 268,000 views
• InnovationJam2006
– IBMers, family and clients discuss how to combine IBM’s new technologies and real world insights to create new market opportunities
– 150,000 people from 104 countries and 67 companies
– 10 new 1BM businesses with seed investment of $100m
• InnovationJam 2008
– To advance IBM’s vision of “The Enterprise of the Future”
– Staff from a 1000 companies + IBMers engaged in a conversation over a 90 hour period around the themes of: Built for change; Customers as partners ; Globally integrated and The planet and its people.
• AlphaWorks - IBM Emerging Technologies �outside early adopters
14BF IKT December 2009
Open Innovation and IBMSecurity and Society
‘ The Global Innovation Outlook is designed to facilitate collaborationand openly share the many insights from its participants... to
report spark new ideas, businesses and partnerships going forward .... to solve the world’s most vexing security problems.’
15BF IKT December 2009
Open Innovators
Intermediary Platforms• Innocentive - open innovation problem solving
• TekScout - crowdsourcing R&D solutions• Fellowforce - innovation challenge board covering many disciplines
• IdeaConnection - idea marketplace and problem solving• Yet2.com - IP market place
• Innovation Exchange - open innovation market place• Idea Bounty - crowdsourcing ideas
• Open Innovation Gmbh/Battle of concepts - challenge boards
Innovation ServicesBig Idea Group - organize innovation contests and idea hunts
• spigit Enterprise - stimulate innovation and intrapreneurship• Idea Crossing - organize innovation quests
• Sense Worldwide - tap into the global creative R&D network• Pharmalicensing - open innovation for the life sciences
• Human Grid - small online tasks solving• The Crowd fund Company - tailored crowd funding projects
• ideavents - implement open innovation strategies
• Platforms for entrepreneurs• Incuby - online community for inventors
• spigit Innovation - peer review of business ideas• VenCorps - community powered capital
• WhyNot - idea exchange• Idea Blob - monthly contest for entrepreneurial ideas
Freelance platformsodesk - global marketplace for remote work
• elance - freelancers• Guru - freelancers
• Ki Work - sourcing online work• Amazon Mechanical Turk - low-cost crowdsourcing...........
16BF IKT December 2009
Digital Natives (b1980-) InnovatorsBorn Digital- John Palfrey and Urs Gasser 2008
• Mark Zuckerberg – Facebook
– Collaborators: Dustin Moskowiyz, Chris Hughes and others
– Trusting the company’s users to sustain innovation
– Opened up platform (2007) – 5000 applications within months – worth $15b
– Interoperability
• Hurley – Youtube: Napstar; Yearbook
• Jack Dorsey – Twitter– 0 to 10m users in 2 years
– Twitter, Obama, H1N1
BF IKT December 200917
Knowledge SocietyThe impact of mass collaboration through digital technologies
�Knowledge and information based services
�Creative and cultural sectors
�Media and advertising; software and entertainment; film and television
�Communications and publishing
� Research, design marketing and communications in general manufacturing
� Education, health and public administration
� Retail trade, financial services and business services
BF IKT December 2009
Challenges to Business Models and Management‘Modern management has reached the limits of
improvement’ – G.Hamel
• Ensure that the work of management serves a higher purpose
• Eliminate the pathologies of formal hierarchies
• Reduce fear and increase trust• Redefine the work of leadership• De-structure and disaggregate the organisation
• Reinvent strategy making as an emergent process• Share the work of setting direction• Create a democracy of information
• Create internal markets for ideas, talent and resources• Empower the renegades and disarm the reactionaries• Expand and exploit diversity• Develop holistic performance measures• Further unleash human imagination
BF IKT December 200919
Individual and Corporate Roles
ExternalInfluencePressureor Focus
Internal Strengths/benefits
BF IKT December 2009 20
Challenges to Business Models and Management – Jens Christensen
• From closed to open and systemic innovation
• From industry-confined to a differentiated conception of the business environment: industry competitive forces, product and innovation life cycles �emerging product markets, emergent ecosystems and established industries driven by open innovation
• From product and innovation life cycles to convergence and divergence
21BF IKT December 2009
Convergence and divergence
22BF IKT December 2009
Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Players
Not just an HE- Business world
Interactions
Discovery Market
Intermediates
Government
23BF IKT December 2009
BF IKT December 200924
The Political Scene
UK Government• Major investment in research. Science budget increase from £1.3b (1997) to
£3.7b (now) under a 10 year framework plan with an R&D target of 2.5% of GDP in 2014
• New (again) department : Business Innovation and Skills– High expectations of delivery by HE of economic and social benefits– E.g. Higher ambitions
• Technology Strategy Boardto connect and catalyse through strategic debate and competitive funding
– Application areas• Environmental sustainability. • Energy generation and supply. • Healthcare. • Creative industries etc
– Technology Areas• High value manufacturing• Nanotechnology etc.
BF IKT December 200925
Conservative Party Task Group
‘An Innovative Society: Capturing the Potential of Science and
Engineering’ . Objectives
1. To improve the effectiveness of UK Innovation
• Creation of an Innovative Projects Agency2. To use public procurement to drive innovation3. To stimulate UK R&D Investment
• R&D tax credits improved; greater university engagement
4. To raise school performance in STEM subjects5. To create the environment for more universities to be world
class6. To improve the UK’s national position in global excellence
in science and technology7. To raise the status of STEM in Britain8. To tackle the risk-averse culture9. To establish a Department of Science and Innovation
Role of Universities and KT
BF IKT December 2009
strategic; professional; institutes; global competition and collaboration
Research
TeachingStudent focused;Learning outcomes;Impact of Web 2.0 some collaborationIncreased internationalisation
Knowledge TransferKey strategic component;Open innovation -collaborationIncreasingly professional
26
Explicit and tacit knowledge
Net value of innovative
transfer
Knowledge codification
Significant innovation;
Modest barriers to transfer
IP
BF IKT December 2009
IP
27
HE Business and Community Engagement 2007-8 UK
28BF IKT December 2009
Knowledge Transfer Partnershipsformer Teaching Company Scheme
Long standing publicly funded scheme; over 6000graduates and 3000 organisations have been involved
KTP Associates (Graduate) play a key role in managing andimplementing a strategic development project but also broker tacit knowledge
exchange between universities and business
UniversitiesPublic Research
Bodies,Further
Education
Business
Graduate
BF IKT December 200929
Knowledge Transfer PeopleCore competencies
• Good communication and interpersonal skills• Management skills• Commercial awareness
– New business development skills
– Negotiating skills
– Understanding of IP and licensing
– Discipline/industry specific knowledge– Understanding business (and innovative) model options
• Personal CPD plan• Personal library and information access strategy or plan• Personal Networking - use of social network skills
• Creation of Networks to build collaboration
• Cf Key elements of Education programme for Certified Trans- national TT professionals EC report August 2007
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Institute of Knowledge Transfer
1. Individual Membership based on professional standards
• Peer reviewed work-place learning and CPD
• Articulation of skills and competencies required for professional success
2. Broad definition of knowledge transfer interests
Enables networking with and between more focused KT organisations:
� In private and public sectors
� By organisations drawn from business/industry; research/discovery and intermediate companies and facilitators
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�Guidelines and standards�Model agreements�Case Studies�Database of awards�Academic underpinning projects�Process accreditation
The IKT offering
BF IKT December 200932
IKT
Thank you!
Why not join?
BF IKT December 2009