Bridging the Gaps

Deanna SchexnayderUniversity of Texas at Austin

Heather BousheyCenter for Economic and Policy Research

February 2006

2

Purpose of Research Project

• To assess the hardships gap between resources and living costs for families over many income ranges

• To examine the eligibility gap by measuring the actual use of benefits among eligible families

• To engage potential partners to discuss outreach strategies and possible uses of this information

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Scope of Project - Phase 1

•Analyze state and local program policies, resources and living expenses (using Family Resource Simulator* data) to assess differences across states and communities

•Analyze Census SIPP data to determine utilization of benefit programs in state and local areas

* The Family Resource Simulator (FRS) was developed by the National Center for Children in Poverty (www.nccp.org).

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Scope of Project - Phase 1

•Engage local and state program practitioners and advocates to determine usefulness of analysis in their work

•Develop plans and partnerships for future phases of this work

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RMC Role in BTG Project

• Analyze Texas benefit program policies (2004) for use in Texas FRS simulations and SIPP program utilization calculations

• Analyze FRS simulations for a hypothetical family in four Texas communities -- Dallas, Houston, Laredo and San Antonio

• Organize brown bags to discuss presentation and possible uses of findings (with CPPP)

• Write Texas report on Phase 1 work

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Texas Children - Demographics

• 50% of Texas children live in low-income families (200% of poverty level or ~ $40K for a family of 4)

• 24% live in poor families (~$20K for family of 4)

Characteristics

• Source: NCCP analysis of U.S.Current Population Survey Data (2003-05) with additional RMC calculations

Low-Income Poor

Employed parent 86% 76%

Single parent 43% 52%

Immigrant parents 33% 38%

Percent Latino 58% 70%

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Simulation Details

• Single parent with 2 children ages 3 & 8• Parent works 40 hours per week• Receives all tax benefits (e.g., EITC, Child Tax Credit)• Uses family homes for child care, regardless of subsidy• Assumes use of Medicaid and CHIP when eligible,

otherwise employer-based insurance • Assumes no child support• No savings, own car worth $2,000, no car debt

Notes:$11,000 = minimum wage of $5.15$26,000 = Texas median wage (per BLS)

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Simulation: Houston, TX

$16

$4,424$5,360

$5,858

$2,583

-$7,291-$6,242

-$3,742

-$2,532-$1,657

-8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

$11,000 $14,000 $18,000 $22,000 $26,000Annual Wage

An

nu

al R

eso

urc

e D

efic

it

Tax credits, Medicaid, FS, TANF, CCDF, & Housing Tax credits, Medicaid, & FS

All benefits

Most likely benefits

Data Source: National Center for Children in Poverty, Family Resource Simulator: Texas 2004, (www.nccp.org/modeler/modeler.cgi).

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Simulation: Laredo, TX

-$156

$2,670

$3,778

$4,878

$6,045

-$3,589-$2,869

-$849

$311

$2,039

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

$11,000 $14,000 $18,000 $22,000 $26,000Annual Wage

An

nu

al

Re

so

urc

e D

efi

cit

Tax credits, Medicaid, FS, TANF, CCDF, & Housing Tax credits, Medicaid, & FS

All benefits

Most likely benefits

Data Source: National Center for Children in Poverty, Family Resource Simulator: Texas 2004, (www.nccp.org/modeler/modeler.cgi).

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Simulation: San Antonio, TX

$3,342

$4,622$5,186

$5,662 $5,544

-$4,924

-$3,774

-$1,673

-$514

$811

-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

$11,000 $14,000 $18,000 $22,000 $26,000Annual Wage

An

nu

al

Re

so

urc

e D

efi

cit

Tax credits, Medicaid, FS, TANF, CCDF, & Housing Tax credits, Medicaid, & FS

All benefits

Most likely benefits

Data Source: National Center for Children in Poverty, Family Resource Simulator: Texas 2004, (www.nccp.org/modeler/modeler.cgi).

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First break-even point for different combinations of earnings/benefits

Data Source: National Center for Children in Poverty, Family Resource Simulator: Texas 2004, (www.nccp.org/modeler/modeler.cgi).

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

Tax credits, Medicaid, FS,TANF, CCDF, & Housing

Tax credits, Medicaid, & FS Tax credits only

Resources

Fir

st b

reak

eve

n p

oin

t

Dallas Houston Laredo San Antonio

State median wage

State minimum wage

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First break-even point for different combinations of earnings/benefits

Data Source: National Center for Children in Poverty, Family Resource Simulator: Texas 2004 (www.nccp.org/modeler/modeler.cgi).

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

Tax credits, Medicaid, FS,TANF, & Housing

Tax credits, Medicaid, FS,TANF, & CCDF

Tax credits, Medicaid, & FS

Resources

Fir

st b

reak

eve

n p

oin

t

Dallas Houston Laredo San Antonio

State median wage

State minimum wage

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Multiple Break-even Points: Houston, TX

Data Source: National Center for Children in Poverty, Family Resource Simulator: Texas 2004, (www.nccp.org/modeler/modeler.cgi).

-$10,000

-$8,000

-$6,000

-$4,000

-$2,000

$0

$2,000

$4,000

$11,

000

$12,

000

$13,

000

$14,

000

$15,

000

$16,

000

$17,

000

$18,

000

$19,

000

$20,

000

$21,

000

$22,

000

$23,

000

$24,

000

$25,

000

$26,

000

$27,

000

$28,

000

$29,

000

$30,

000

$31,

000

An

nu

al N

et R

eso

urc

es

For the following benefits: Tax Credits, Medicaid, FS, TANF, and CCDF

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Possible Discussion Topics

• Usefulness of graph formats

• Inclusion of child support in future simulations

• Simulations for two-parent families

• Implications for children in immigrant families

• How to frame when reaching out to policymakers, the media, and other advocates

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Next Steps

• Refine project based on what we learn today

• Discuss the usefulness of doing focus groups in Texas with low income families and providers

• Develop strategies to outreach to policymakers and media, in both Texas and nationally

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For More Information

Deanna Schexnayder

Ray Marshall Center for the Study of Human Resources

LBJ School of Public Affairs

The University of Texas at Austin

512/471-2193

dschex@uts.cc.utexas.edu