Brief Book of Agriculture - Google Sites · General Agriculture -2010-11 Ed.-II By: R. S. Maitry (I.A.R.I., New Delhi) (Page: 3) NPMFS- National Project on Management of Soil Health

General Agriculture - 2010

Brief Bookof

AgricultureGeneral Agriculture for JRF, SRF, Ph. D & ARS EXAMS

(Based on Authorized and Current information)

Compiled by :Roop Singh Maitry

(Ph.D Scholar, I.A.R.I.)

Edition.-II (2010-11)

Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi-110012

General Agriculture -2010-11 Ed.-II By: R. S. Maitry (I.A.R.I., New Delhi) (Page: 2)

Indian Agriculture-2010: A record production of 233.88 Million tons of food grains

in 2008-09 Contribution to Growth rate in GDP – 4.7% (2007-08),

1.6% (2008-09) Contribution to GDP –16.4 % (2007-08), 15.7% (2008-09) Share to total imports– 2.95% (2007-08), 2.74% (2008-09) Share to total exports – 12.05% (2007-08), 10.23% (2008-09) Contribution to total Employment- 52% (2008-09) MSP increase in 2008-09 over last year:

o Wheat-8% (lowest)o Ragi-58% (highest)

India supports(of world’s):o Total geographical area-2%o population- 18% o Livestock-15%o Forest-1.5%

Total Geographical Area (TGA) - 329 M.H Potential for Biological Production - 265 M.H Per Capita land availability-0.37ha (1991-92) Per Capita Agri. land availability -.16 ha(1991-92) Net cultivated area- 143 Mha Irrigated area-56.3 Mha NRAA- National Rain fed Area authority, since

03/11/2006 RADP- Rain fed Area Development Programme, Since 20

March, 2008 National Bamboo Mission-started 2006-07 National food security mission-started Rabi, 2007 All India avg. fertilizer consumption- 116.5 Kg/ha Highest avg. fertilizer consumption- Punjab (212Kg/ha) Lowest avg. fertilizer consumption – Arunachal Pradesh (5

kg/ha) Nutrient consumption ration (NPK), 2007-08)- 5.5:2.1:1


NPMFS- National Project on Management of Soil Health & Fertilizer, 2008-09

ISOPOM-Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm& Maize, started since 1st April, 2004

Kisan Call Centre(KCC),started since 21st Jan 2004 (toll free No. 1551)

DMRI- Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, Nagpur , Maharastra

First livestock census conducted in India: 1919 Rank of India in Silk production-2nd (1st-Chian), - 18,320

MT Provides about 65% of the livelihood Contributes 21% of Total Exports, and Supplies Raw

materials to Industries Growth Rate in production - 5.8% About 75% people are living in rural areas and are still

dependent on Agriculture. About 43% of India’s geographical area is used for

agricultural activity.

ICAR -History: ICAR, estbl. on 16 July, 1929 under the Societies

Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture. ICAR-headquarters at New Delhi.

Increase in production of food grains by 4 times,horticultural crops by 6 times, fish by 9 times (marine 5 times and inland 17 times), milk 6 times and eggs 27 times since 1950-51.

ICAR - Milestone: Initiation of the first All-India Co-ordinate Research

Project on Maize in 1957 Status of Deemed University accorded to IARI in 1958


Establishment of the first State Agricultural University on land grant pattern at Pantnagar in 1960

Creation of Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) in the Ministry of Agriculture in 1973

Opening of first Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) at Puducherry (Pondicherry) in 1974

Establishment of Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and Agricultural Scientists' Recruitment Board (ASRB) in 1975

Launching of Lab-to-Land Programme and the National Agricultural Research Project (NARP) in 1979

Initiation of Institution-Village Linkage Programme (IVLP) in 1995

Establishment of National Gene Bank at New Delhi in 1996

The ICAR was bestowed with the King Baudouin Awardin 1989 for its valuable contribution in ushering in the Green Revolution. Again awarded King Baudouin Award in 2004 for research and development efforts made under partnership in Rice Wheat Consortium.

Launching of National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) in 1998 and National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) in July 2006 with 3 components.

Organizational Setup of ICAR: (Present scenarios-2009-10) Union Minister of Agriculture is the ex-officio President

of the ICAR Society. (Present- Sharad Pawar) Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research &

Education Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India & Director-General, ICAR – the Principal Executive Officer of the Council. (Present- Dr. S. Ayyappan)

Agricultural Scientists' Recruitment Board, Chairman-Dr. C. D. Mayee (Plant Pathlosist)

Deputy Directors-General (8) Additional Secretary (DARE) and Secretary (ICAR) Additional Secretary and Financial Advisor


Assistant Directors-General (24) Directorate of Information and Publications of

Agriculture, New Delhi Directorates/Project Directorates - 25 (with upgradation

of 12 NRCs) National Bureaux – 6 (New-NBAII, Bengaluru and

NBAIM, Mau, UP) Deemed Universities status -6(New- NAARM, Hydrabad and

NIASM, Malegaon, Maharastra) National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects

(NBAII) [formerly Project Directorate of Biological Control (PDBC)] is a nodal Institute at national level for research and development on all aspects of work on harnessing resources of insects including biological control of crop pests and weeds, training, information repository, technology dissemination and national/international cooperation.(2009)

National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganism(NBAIM), Mau, UP (2005)

There are 44 Agricultural Technology Information Centres (ATIC) established under ICAR institutes.

ICAR Introduced revised curricula and syllabi for 95 disciplines in Master’s and 80 disciplines in Doctoral programmes.

The Handbook of Agriculture updated as 6th edition (2009).

NIASM (National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management), Malegaon, Maharastra,2008

Established a network of over 568 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVK).(upto Dec.2009)

Deputy Director General (Natural Resource Management):Dr. A.K. Singh,

Union Minister for Agriculture: Shri. Sharad Pawar Minister of State for Agriculture: Prof. K.V. Thomas. New Director-General of ICAR: Dr. S. Ayyappan


Handbook of Agriculture (New entry): Father of Hybrid rice in India- Dr. E.A. Siddiqe Milk production in India (Highest over World)-104

Mt.(2009) Milk Availability (g./person/day)- 245 Food grain production (Mt.)-233 Mt Fruit production - 63 Mt Vegetable production -125 Mt Agriculture accounts …….% of National work force-52 Project Directorates-25 (upgrated NRCs-12) SAUs-45 National Research Centres (NRCs)-17 AICRPs-61 National Institutes-6 (very Imp.) Central Institutes-49 Directorate of Women in Agriculutre-Bhuwneshwar,

Orissa Directorate of Floricultural Research- New Delhi Directorate of Information and Publication in Agriculture-

New Delhi AICRP, NSP-crops, New Delhi AICRP, Arid Zone fruit-Bikaner AICRP, NSP-vegetable,Varanasi AICRP, Pestiside residue, New Delhi AICRP, Agrometeorrology, Hydrabad

General Agriculture (New): Sahbhagi Dhan - new varieties of rice capable of

withstanding drought. Water submergence variety of rice- Swarna-Sub 1, can

survive for 14 days under water. To ward off threat to wheat production from the globally

spreading menace of resistant varieties of wheat stem rust- Ug99,DBW 17, PBW 550, Lok 1, and Turjaidentified.


In potato, dry matter-rich variety Kufri Frysonadeveloped for making French Fries.

Zinc solublizing bacterial bio-fertilizer developed to alleviate zinc deficiency in soils.

Cloned and surviving buffalo calf, GARIMA, produced for faster multiplication of selected highly productive animals.

For Bird Flu diagnosis, High Security Animal Disease Laboratory, Bhopal, conferred OIE-international recognition.

Devised drip and sprinkler irrigation systems saving water (30-50%), labour (50%), fertilizer (30-40%) and increasing yields (12-76%).

Leaf Colour Chart (LCC), a simple device for nitrogen management saves 15 kg N/ha in rice.

Tractor-mounted cumin planter saves 30% seed. Motorized aril extractor developed for pomegranate. The first systematic work on SRI began at TNAU, Tamil

Nadu in 1993. Golden rice: Produced by combining genetic material from

daffodils, Ervinia vredivora, Agrobacterium tumifacienceand Japonica rice. by Professor Ingo Potrykus and Dr. Peter Beyer (Germany,1999)

Purpose of golden rice- to provide a new, alternative intervention to combat Vitamin A Deficiency.

General Agriculture by Muniraj Singh (New Entry): National Biodiversity Board-New Delhi Camel crop-Sorgum Natural Genetic enginner-Agrobacterium tumefacience Pashmina (Winter cloth) obtained from- Goats Law of Tolerance –Sheford Oleresine- Chilli Keshar(sefforon) belongs family-Iridaceae World Food Prize,2007-Phylips Nelson World Food Prize, 2008- R. Dole &George McGovern


Mychoryza increase availability of – Phosphorus Water Requirement of irrigated wetland rice-1500 mm Nurient mobility concepts-Bray PUFA conent is highest in –Sunflower Pseudocereal-Buckwheat First Agri. Chemist of ICAR-J W Leather Pulse crop doesn’t fix N-Rajma Avg Milling recovery of Rice-60%

Informatics in Agriculture: IT Plan for Agriculture Sector (AGRISNET) was submitted

to Ministry of Agriculture in 1997 to establish “Indian Agriculture on-line” and revised in 2000.

AGMARKNET-Agricultural Marketing Information Network

NADAMS-National Agricultural Drought Advisory and Management Systems

AgRIS-Resources Information System APHNET-Animal Production and Health Informatics

Network ARISNET-Agricultural Research and Information System ACINET: Agricultural Credit Informatics Network E-chaupal estabilished by Indian Tobacco Comp. (ITC) for

M.P. VERCON (Vitrual Extension, Research and

Communication Network) developed by-FAO,2001 Soya-Chaupal is for weather, farming practice and Market

price of Soyabean in M.P. ICT- Inforamtion and Communication Techno;logy ARIS- Agricultural Research Information System, est by

ICAR, 1995Nanotechnology in Agriculture:


coined by-Nario Taniguichi (1974), at Univ. of Tokyo, Japan

Nanotechnology is Understanding and control of matter at dimension of 1-100 nm

Example of Nano based Smart Delivery System-Halloysite Nano Pesticide-Nano Particles(NPs) of ZnO, Sio2 and TiO2

used for Bacteria & Green Algea Nano Particles used for reclamation of heavy Particles-

Amphiphylic Polyurethane,Zeravalent Iron (nZVI), and Nano sized Zeolite.

Crop Biotechnology.: First transgenic plant-Flavr SavrTM tomato for delayted

ripining was realeasd for commercial cultivation in 1994by Calgene (Compony).

Final Approval Committee for release of transgenic cropsin India- GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee)

Area under transgenic plant in World (2008)-125 Mha Rank of India for transgenic plant -4th ( 1st-USA, 2nd-

Mexico, 3rd- Argentina) Crops having highest transgenic plant cultivation area-

Soyabean> Corn>Cotton Area under Bt-cotton: 7.5 Mha(2008), 8.4 Mha (2009) First genetic engineering compony est. 1976, Genentech First transgenic crop- tobacco Area under bt cotton in India(2008-09)-7.6 1Mt (8% of

cotton area)Irrigation in India-2010: National water awards (2007)-Hiware Bazar Gram

Panchayat, Ahmadnagar, Mharastra Area under micro irrigation system in india (2008-09):

3.88 Mha Area under Drip in India (2008-09): 1.42 Mha (highest

area-Maharashtra) Area under Sprinkler in India (2008-09): 2.45 Mha (highest

area-Haryana)

General Agriculture -2010-11 Ed.-II By: R. S. Maitry (I.A.R.I., New Delhi) (Page:10)

Water year-2007 Artificial Recharge of Ground Water Advisory Council

(ARGWC)- constituted in 2006 National Institute of Hydrology- Roorkee, Uttarakhand World Congress on conservation Agriculture, 2009- held at

New DelhiITK in Agriculture: Bael fruit can be used to contol –rice blast Cow urin used for – wheat termite control , sorghum smut

controlIndia’s position in world Agriculture Rank Total Area Seventh Irrigated Area First Population Second Economically Active population Second Total Cereals Third Wheat Second Rice Second Coarse grains Fourth Total Pulses First Oil Seeds Second Fruits and Vegetables Second (first-

China) Implements (Tractors) Third Milk First Live Stock (castles, Buffaloes) FirstMile Stones in Agricultural Development: Green Revolution (1968) Ever-Green Revolution (1996) Blue Revolution (water, fish) White Revolution (Milk) Yellow Revolution (flower, edible) Bio-Technology Revolution ICT RevolutionWorld Green Revolution:


Increasing the wheat production that began in Mexico in 1945.

The term "Green Revolution" was first used in 1968 by former USAID director William Gaud.

CIMMYT , Mexico - the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.

Green Revolution was the production of novel wheat cultivars.

HYVs or “high-yielding varieties - A Japanese dwarf wheat cultivar (Norin 10 wheat) which yield 10 times more than that of traditional rice.

Father of the Green Revolution- Norman Ernest Borlaug (Birth-March 25, 1914 and Death - September 12, 2009(aged 95) Dallas, Texas (USA). An American agronomistand Nobel laureate who has been deemed the. He received his Ph.D. in plant pathology and genetics.)

Father of the Green Revolution in India- M. S. Swaminathan (Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan,born August 7, 1925, in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu.)

Father of the Ever Green Revolution in India (1995) - M. S. Swaminathan.

Punjab was selected by the Indian government to be the first site to try the new crops for Green Revolution.

The land Mark of Indian Green Revolution- IARI, New Delhi

"Miracle Rice"-IR8 - a semi-dwarf rice variety developed by IRRI. Crossed between an Indonesian variety named “Peta” and a Chinese variety named “Dee-geo-woo-gen.”

Crop Production, Area (new figure):


*(10 lakh tones= 1 Mt)

CROP PRODUCTION 2008-09: Total foodgrains production in 2008-09 was estimated at

233.88 million tonnes as against 230.78 million tonnes in 2007-08.

CROP PRODUCTION 2009-10 (Based on Advance Estimate) Kharif foodgrains production - 98.83 Mt Kharif rice production - 71.65 Mt., a decrease of about 15

per cent over 2008-09


Total kharif production of coarse cereals- 22.76 Mt. Total production of Kharif pulses- 4.42 Mt. Total kharif production of the nine Oilseeds- 15.233 Mt. Sugarcane production- 249.48 million tones Cotton production- 23.66 Million bales (of 170 kg each) Production of jute and mesta- 10.243 Million bales (of

180 kg each)Highest/Lowest production year-Crop Year (highest) Year (lowest)Food grain 2008-09 2002-03wheat 2008-09 2002-03Rice 2008-09 2002-03Pulse 2003-04 2002-03Nine Oilseed 2007-08 2002-03Sugarcane 2006-07 2003-04Cotton 2007-08 2002-03

AREA COVERAGE 2009-10(Based on Advance Estimate) Kharif total foodgrains -66.78 Mha India ranks first in world milk production. Production of sugar in 2008-09 sugar season declined by

about 11.62 Mt.Allied sector Production figure in 2008-09: Milk - 108.5 million tonnes Eggs- 55.6 Billion, Wool - 42.7 Million kg Meat-3.8 Million tones Fish production- 7.6 million tonesMSP-2009-10 (Rs.per Quintal)

oPaddy- Rs.1000/-o Jwar- Rs.860/-oArhar- Rs.2300/-oCotton - Rs.2500/-oWheat- Rs.1100/-oGram- Rs.1760/-


oSugarcane -Rs. 129.8/-oBarley- Rs.750/-

India’s rank in fertilizer consumption- 3rd

Per ha NPK consumption-128 kg CV of South west Monsoon in 2009- 10% MSP given by CACP CACP stands for - Commission on Agriculture cost

and Prices FCI Buffer stock, Oct 2009- 16.2 Mt Swaljaldhara is – drinking water project, 2002 Hariyali- watershed development program est. 2003 NAREGA changes to MAREGA (Mahatma Gandhi

Rural Employment Guaranty Act) 2005

Leading State in Production & Area of crops:2008-09Crops Prod.

(Mt)Leading Prod. state

Area (Mha)

Productivity(Kg/Ha)

Rice 99.15 WB>AP>UP 45.35 2186Wheat 80.58 UP>PNJ>HR 27.88 2891Maize 19.29 AP>KN>RJ 28.19 2355Jwar 7.31 MH>KN>MP 7.68 -Bajra 8.83 RJ>UP>GJ 8.74 -C. Cereal 39.48 RJ>MH 27.62 -Cereal 219.21 - 22.37 -T. Pulses 14.86 MH>MP>AP 7.97 655Chickpea 7.0 MP>MH>AP 7.97 -Lentil 0.81 UP>MP 1.31 -Pig.pea 2.3 MH>KN 3.4 -T. Food Grain

233.8 UP>PNJ>AP 123.22 -

T.oilseed 28.16 MP>MH>GJ 27.46 -Soyabean 9.9 MP>MH 9.52 -G. nut 7.34 GJ>AP 6.22 -


Mustard 7.37 RJ>UP 6.19 -Sunflowe 1.25 KN>AP 1.83 -Sugarcane 273.93 UP>MH 4.4 -Potato 28.43 UP>WB - -Cotton* 23.6 GJ>MH 9.41 419Jute* 10.41 WB>BHR 0.91 -Coffee - KN - -Tea - Assam - -Rubber - Kerla - -Onion - MH - -*Million Bales

Others: The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights

(PPV&FR) Authority, established in Nov., 2005 at New Delhi

National Project on Management of Soil Health & Fertility (NPMSF), has been introduced in 2008-09

Total No. of Soil Testing Laboratories (STLs)in India-750 (2008-09)

Total irrigation potential in India- 102.77 million ha by March 2007

Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) started since 1996-97

NAFED -National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited

CCI- Cotton Corporation of India The Macro Management of Agriculture Scheme (MMA)

was formulated in 2000-01 National Food Security Mission (NFSM) has been

launched from the rabi 2007-08 to enhancing the production of rice, wheat and pulses by 10, 8 and 2 million tonnes respectively by the end of the Eleventh Plan


Kisan Credit Card Scheme (KCC) was introduced in August 1998

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) - launched in August 2007

National Bamboo Mission (NBM)- commenced in 2006-07 National Committee on Plasticulture Applications in

Horticulture (NCPAH) Chairman, Planning Commissions- M. S. Ahuliwalia Chairman of National Commission for Farmers - Dr.

M.S. Swaminathan


Notes:………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………….


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Continue until reach the success…........

Contents:1. Indian Agriculture-20102. ICAR -History3. ICAR - Milestone4. Organizational Setup of ICAR: (Present scenarios-2010)5. Handbook of Agriculture (New Entry)6. General Agriculture (New)7. General Agriculture by Muniraj Singh (New Entry)8. Informatics in Agriculture9. Nanotechnology in Agriculture10. Crop Biotechnology11. Mile Stones in Agricultural Development12. Irrigation in India-201013. ITK in Agriculture14. Green Revolution15. Crop Production, Area (Current figure)16. Others

References:1. Handbook of Agriculture- ICAR (new edition)2. General Agriculture- Muni raj Singh (new edition)3. Survey of India- Govt. of India (2009-10)4. India-20105. ICAR websites

Availability Sources:


1. Ask for PDF file through email ID: [email protected]. Visit websites for PDF file:

http://sites.google.com/site/ iariinnovative/3. For Hard copy visit Pusa Book Shop, Shishir Hostel, IARI,

New Delhi

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Brief Book of Agriculture - Google Sites · General Agriculture -2010-11 Ed.-II By: R. S. Maitry (I.A.R.I., New Delhi) (Page: 3) NPMFS- National Project on Management of Soil Health