BriefBookofAgricultureEd. II

8/13/2019 BriefBookofAgricultureEd. II

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General Agriculture 2010

Brief Bookof

AgricultureGeneral Agriculture for JRF, SRF, Ph. D & ARS EXAMS

(Based on Authorized and Current information)

Compiled by :Roop Singh Maitry

(Ph.D Scholar, I.A.R.I.)

Edition.-II (2010-11)

Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012


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General Agriculture -2010-11 Ed.-II By: R. S. Maitry (I.A.R.I., New Delhi) (Page: 2)

Indian Agriculture-2010:A record production of 233.88 Million tons of food grainsin 2008-09Contribution to Growth rate in GDP 4.7% (2007-08),1.6% (2008-09)Contribution to GDP 16.4 % (2007-08), 15.7% (2008-09)Share to total imports 2.95% (2007-08), 2.74% (2008-09)Share to total exports 12.05% (2007-08), 10.23% (2008-09)Contribution to total Employment- 52% (2008-09)

MSP increase in 2008-09 over last year:o Wheat-8% (lowest)o Ragi-58% (highest)

India supports(of worlds):o Total geographical area-2%o population- 18%o Livestock-15%o Forest-1.5%

Total Geographical Area (TGA) - 329 M.HPotential for Biological Production - 265 M.HPer Capita land availability- 0.37ha (1991-92)Per Capita Agri. land availability -.16 ha (1991-92)Net cultivated area- 143 MhaIrrigated area- 56.3 Mha

NRAA- National Rain fed Area authority, since03/11/ 2006

RADP- Rain fed Area Development Programme, Since 20March, 2008

National Bamboo Mission-started 2006-07National food security mission-started Rabi, 2007All India avg. fertilizer consumption- 116.5 Kg/haHighest avg. fertilizer consumption- Punjab (212Kg /ha)Lowest avg. fertilizer consumption Arunachal Pradesh (5kg/ha)

Nutrient consumption ration (NPK), 2007-08)- 5.5:2.1:1


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NPMFS - National Project on Management of Soil Health &Fertilizer, 2008-09

ISOPOM -Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm& Maize, started since 1st April , 2004

Kisan Call Centre( KCC ),started since 21st Jan 2004 (tollfree No. 1551)

DMRI - Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, Nagpur ,Maharastra

First livestock census conducted in India: 1919Rank of India in Silk production-2 nd (1st-Chian), - 18,320

MTProvides about 65% of the livelihoodContributes 21% of Total Exports, and Supplies Rawmaterials to Industries

Growth Rate in production - 5.8%About 75% people are living in rural areas and are stilldependent on Agriculture.

About 43% of Indias geographical area is used foragricultural activity.

ICAR -History:ICAR , estbl. on 16 July, 1929 under the SocietiesRegistration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the

Royal Commission on Agriculture . ICAR-headquartersat New Delhi .Increase in production of food grains by 4 times ,horticultural crops by 6 times , fish by 9 times (marine 5times and inland 17 times), milk 6 times and eggs 27times since 1950-51.

ICAR - Milestone :Initiation of the first All-India Co-ordinate ResearchProject on Maize in 1957

Status of Deemed University accorded to IARI in 1958


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Establishment of the first State Agricultural University onland grant pattern at Pantnagar in 1960

Creation of Department of Agricultural Research andEducation (DARE) in the Ministry of Agriculture in 1973

Opening of first Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) atPuducherry (Pondicherry) in 1974

Establ ishment of Agricultural Research Service (ARS )and Agricultural Scientists' Recruitment Board (ASRB )in 1975

Launching of Lab-to-Land Programme and the National

Agricultural Research Project (NARP) in 1979Initiation of Institution-Village Linkage Programme(IVLP) in 1995

Establishment of National Gene Bank at New Delhi in1996

The ICAR was bestowed with the King Baudouin Awardin 1989 for its valuable contribution in ushering in the

Green Revolution. Again awarded King Baudouin Awardin 2004 for research and development efforts made underpartnership in Rice Wheat Consortium.

Launching of National Agricultural Technology Project(NATP) in 1998 and National Agricultural InnovationProject (NAIP) in July 2006 with 3 components .

Organizational Setup of ICAR: (Present scenarios-2009-10)Union Minister of Agriculture is the ex-officio Presidentof the ICAR Society . (Present- Sharad Pawar)

Secretary , Department of Agricultural Research &Education Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India &Director-General , ICAR the Principal Executive

Officer of the Council. (Present- Dr. S. Ayyappan)Agricultural Scientists' Recruitment Board, Chairman -Dr.C. D. Mayee (Plant Pathlosist)

Deputy Directors-General (8)Additional Secretary (DARE) and Secretary (ICAR)Additional Secretary and Financial Advisor


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Assistant Directors-General (24)Directorate of Information and Publications ofAgriculture, New Delhi

Directorates/Project Directorates - 25 (with upgradationof 12 NRCs)

National Bureaux 6 (New-NBAII, Bengaluru andNBAIM, Mau, UP)

Deemed Universities status - 6(New- NAARM, Hydrabad andNIASM, Malegaon, Maharastra)

National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects

(NBAII) [formerly Project Directorate of BiologicalControl (PDBC) ] is a nodal Institute at national level forresearch and development on all aspects of work onharnessing resources of insects including biologicalcontrol of crop pests and weeds, training, informationrepository, technology dissemination andnational/international cooperation.(2009)

National Bureau of Agriculturally ImportantMicroorganism(NBAIM), Mau, UP (2005)

There are 44 Agricultural Technology InformationCentres (ATIC) established under ICAR institutes.

ICAR Introduced revised curricula and syllabi for 95disciplines in Masters and 80 disciplines in Doctoralprogrammes.

The Handbook of Agriculture updated as 6th edition(2009).

NIASM (National Institute of Abiotic StressManagement), Malegaon, Maharastra,2008

Established a network of over 568 Krishi Vigyan Kendras(KVK).(upto Dec.2009)

Deputy Director General (Natural Resource Management):Dr. A.K. Singh,Union Minister for Agriculture: Shri. Sharad PawarMinister of State for Agriculture: Prof. K.V. Thomas.New Director-General of ICAR: Dr. S. Ayyappan


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Handbook of Agriculture (New entry):Father of Hybrid rice in India - Dr. E.A. SiddiqeMilk production in India (Highest over World)- 104Mt.(2009)

Milk Availability (g./person/day)- 245Food grain production (Mt.)- 233 MtFruit production - 63 MtVegetable production - 125 MtAgriculture accounts .% of National work force- 52Project Directorates- 25 (upgrated NRCs-12)

SAUs-45National Research Centres ( NRCs)- 17AICRPs-61National Institutes- 6 (very Imp .)Central Institutes- 49Directorate of Women in Agriculutre- Bhuwneshwar,Orissa

Directorate of Floricultural Research - New DelhiDirectorate of Information and Publication in Agriculture-New Delhi

AICRP, NSP-crops, New DelhiAICRP, Arid Zone fruit- BikanerAICRP, NSP-vegetable, VaranasiAICRP, Pestiside residue, New DelhiAICRP, Agrometeorrology, Hydrabad

General Agriculture (New):Sahbhagi Dhan - new varieties of rice capable ofwithstanding drought.

Water submergence variety of rice- Swarna-Sub 1, can

survive for 14 days under water.To ward off threat to wheat production from the globallyspreading menace of resistant varieties of wheat stemrust - Ug99,DBW 17, PBW 550, Lok 1, and Turjaidentified.


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In potato , dry matter-rich variety Kufri Frysonadeveloped for making French Fries.

Zinc solublizing bacterial bio-fertilizer developed toalleviate zinc deficiency in soils.

Cloned and surviving buffalo calf, GARIMA , producedfor faster multiplication of selected highly productiveanimals.

For Bird Flu diagnosis , High Security Animal DiseaseLaboratory, Bhopal, conferred OIE-internationalrecognition.

Devised drip and sprinkler irrigation systems savingwater (30-50%), labour (50%), fertilizer (30-40%) andincreasing yields (12-76%).

Leaf Colour Chart (LCC) , a simple device for nitrogenmanagement saves 15 kg N/ha in rice.

Tractor-mounted cumin planter saves 30% seed.Motorized aril extractor developed for pomegranate .The first systematic work on SRI began at TNAU, TamilNadu in 1993.

Golden rice : Produced by combining genetic material fromdaffodils, Ervinia vredivora, Agrobacterium tumifacienceand Japonica rice . by Professor Ingo Potrykus and Dr.Peter Beyer (Germany,1999)

Purpose of golden rice - to provide a new, alternativeintervention to combat Vitamin A Deficiency.

General Agriculture by Muniraj Singh (New Entry):National Biodiversity Board- New DelhiCamel crop- SorgumNatural Genetic enginner- Agrobacterium tumefacience

Pashmina (Winter cloth) obtained from- GoatsLaw of Tolerance ShefordOleresine- ChilliKeshar(sefforon) belongs family- IridaceaeWorld Food Prize,2007- Phylips NelsonWorld Food Prize, 2008- R. Dole &George McGovern


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Mychoryza increase availability of PhosphorusWater Requirement of irrigated wetland rice- 1500 mmNurient mobility concepts- BrayPUFA conent is highest in SunflowerPseudocereal- BuckwheatFirst Agri. Chemist of ICAR- J W LeatherPulse crop doesnt fix N- RajmaAvg Milling recovery of Rice- 60%

Informatics in Agriculture:IT Plan for Agriculture Sector (AGRISNET) was submittedto Ministry of Agriculture in 1997 to establish IndianAgriculture on-line and revised in 2000.

AGMARKNET- Agricultural Marketing InformationNetwork

NADAMS- National Agricultural Drought Advisory andManagement Systems

AgRIS- Resources Information SystemAPHNET -Animal Production and Health InformaticsNetwork

ARISNET -Agricultural Research and Information System

ACINET : Agricultural Credit Informatics NetworkE-chaupal estabilished by Indian Tobacco Comp. (ITC) forM.P.

VERCON (Vitrual Extension, Research andCommunication Network) developed by-FAO,2001

Soya-Chaupal is for weather, farming practice and Marketprice of Soyabean in M.P.

ICT- Inforamtion and Communication Techno;logyARIS- Agricultural Research Information System, est byICAR, 1995

Nanotechnology in Agriculture:


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coined by- Nario Taniguichi (1974 ), at Univ. of Tokyo, JapanNanotechnology is Understanding and control of matter atdimension of 1-100 nm

Example of Nano based Smart Delivery System- HalloysiteNano Pesticide-Nano Particles(NPs) of ZnO, Sio 2 and TiO 2used for Bacteria & Green Algea

Nano Particles used for reclamation of heavy Particles-Amphiphylic Polyurethane,Zeravalent Iron (nZVI), andNano sized Zeolite.

Crop Biotechnology.:First transgenic plant -Flavr Savr TM tomato for delaytedripining was realeasd for commercial cultivation in 1994by Calgene (Compony).

Final Approval Committee for release of transgenic cropsin India- GEAC (Genetic Engineering ApprovalCommittee)

Area under transgenic plant in World (2008)- 125 MhaRank of India for transgenic plant - 4th ( 1st-USA , 2nd -Mexico, 3 rd - Argentina)

Crops having highest transgenic plant cultivation area-Soyabean > Corn >Cotton

Area under Bt-cotton: 7.5 Mha(2008), 8.4 Mha (2009)First genetic engineering compony est. 1976, GenentechFirst transgenic crop- tobaccoArea under bt cotton in India(2008-09)- 7.6 1Mt (8% ofcotton area)

Irrigation in India-2010:National water awards (2007)- Hiware Bazar GramPanchayat, Ahmadnagar, Mharastra

Area under micro irrigation system in india (2008-09):3.88 MhaArea under Drip in India (2008-09): 1.42 Mha (highestarea- Maharashtra)

Area under Sprinkler in India (2008-09): 2.45 Mha (highestarea- Haryana)


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General Agriculture -2010-11 Ed.-II By: R. S. Maitry (I.A.R.I., New Delhi) (Page:

10)

Water year-2007Artificial Recharge of Ground Water Advisory Council(ARGWC)- constituted in 2006

National Institute of Hydrology- Roorkee , UttarakhandWorld Congress on conservation Agriculture, 2009- held atNew Delhi

ITK in Agriculture:Bael fruit can be used to contol rice blastCow urin used for wheat termite control , sorghum smutcontrol

Indias position in world Agriculture RankTotal Area SeventhIrrigated Area FirstPopulation SecondEconomically Active population SecondTotal Cereals ThirdWheat Second

Rice SecondCoarse grains FourthTotal Pulses FirstOil Seeds SecondFruits and Vegetables Second (first-China)

Implements (Tractors) ThirdMilk FirstLive Stock (castles, Buffaloes) First

Mile Stones in Agricultural Development:Green Revolution (1968)Ever-Green Revolution (1996)Blue Revolution (water, fish)

White Revolution (Milk)Yellow Revolution (flower, edible)Bio-Technology RevolutionICT Revolution

World Green Revolution:


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Increasing the wheat production that began in Mexico in1945.

The term "Green Revolution" was first used in 1968 byformer USAID director William Gaud.

CIMMYT , Mexico - the International Maize and WheatImprovement Center.

Green Revolution was the production of novel wheatcultivars .

HYVs or high-yielding varieties - A Japanese dwarf wheatcultivar (Norin 10 wheat) which yield 10 times more than

that of traditional rice.Father of the Green Revolution- Norman Ernest Borlaug(Birth- March 25, 1914 and Death - September 12, 2009(aged 95) Dallas, Texas (USA). An American agronomistand Nobel laureate who has been deemed the. Hereceived his Ph.D. in plant pathology and genetics.)

Father of the Green Revolution in India - M. S.Swaminathan (Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan,born August 7, 1925, in Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu.)

Father of the Ever Green Revolution in India (1995) - M.S. Swaminathan.

Punjab was selected by the Indian government to be thefirst site to try the new crops for Green Revolution.

The land Mark of Indian Green Revolution- IARI, NewDelhi"Miracle Rice"- IR8 - a semi-dwarf rice variety developedby IRRI. Crossed between an Indonesian variety namedPeta and a Chinese variety named Dee-geo-woo-gen.

Crop Production, Area (new figure):


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*(10 lakh tones= 1 Mt)

CROP PRODUCTION 2008-09:Total foodgrains production in 2008-09 was estimated at233.88 million tonnes as against 230.78 million tonnes in2007-08.

CROP PRODUCTION 2009-10 (Based on AdvanceEstimate)Kharif foodgrains production - 98.83 MtKharif rice production - 71.65 Mt., a decrease of about 15per cent over 2008-09


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Total kharif production of coarse cereals- 22.76 Mt.Total production of Kharif pulses- 4.42 Mt.Total kharif production of the nine Oilseeds- 15.233 Mt.Sugarcane production- 249.48 million tonesCotton production- 23.66 Million bales (of 170 kg each)Production of jute and mesta- 10.243 Million bales (of180 kg each)

Highest/Lowest production year -Crop Year (highest) Year (lowest)Food grain 2008-09 2002-03

wheat 2008-09 2002-03Rice 2008-09 2002-03Pulse 2003-04 2002-03Nine Oilseed 2007-08 2002-03Sugarcane 2006-07 2003-04Cotton 2007-08 2002-03

AREA COVERAGE 2009-10(Based on Advance Estimate)Kharif total foodgrains - 66.78 MhaIndia ranks first in world milk production.Production of sugar in 2008-09 sugar season declined byabout 11.62 Mt.

Allied sector Production figure in 2008-09:Milk - 108.5 million tonnes

Eggs - 55.6 Billion,Wool - 42.7 Million kgMeat -3.8 Million tonesFish production- 7.6 million tones

MSP-2009-10 (Rs.per Quintal)o Paddy- Rs.1000/-o Jwar- Rs.860/-o Arhar- Rs.2300/-o Cotton - Rs.2500/-o Wheat- Rs.1100/-o Gram- Rs.1760/-


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o Sugarcane -Rs. 129.8/-o Barley- Rs.750/-

Indias rank in fertilizer consumption- 3rdPer ha NPK consumption- 128 kg CV of South west Monsoon in 2009- 10%MSP given by CACPCACP stands for - Commission on Agriculture costand PricesFCI Buffer stock, Oct 2009- 16.2 Mt

Swaljaldhara is drinking water project, 2002Hariyali - watershed development program est. 2003NAREGA changes to MAREGA (Mahatma GandhiRural Employment Guaranty Act) 2005

Leading State in Production & Area of crops:2008-09Crops Prod.

(Mt)Leading Prod.state

Area(Mha)

Productivity(Kg/Ha)

Rice 99.15 WB>AP>UP 45.35 2186 Wheat 80.58 UP>PNJ>HR 27.88 2891Maize 19.29 AP>KN>RJ 28.19 2355 Jwar 7.31 MH>KN>MP 7.68 -Bajra 8.83 RJ>UP>GJ 8.74 -

C. Cereal 39.48 RJ>MH 27.62 -Cereal 219.21 - 22.37 -T. Pulses 14.86 MH>MP>AP 7.97 655Chickpea 7.0 MP>MH>AP 7.97 -Lentil 0.81 UP>MP 1.31 -Pig.pea 2.3 MH>KN 3.4 -T. FoodGrain

233.8 UP>PNJ>AP 123.22 -

T.oilseed 28.16 MP>MH>GJ 27.46 -Soyabean 9.9 MP>MH 9.52 -G. nut 7.34 GJ>AP 6.22 -


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Mustard 7.37 RJ>UP 6.19 -Sunflowe 1.25 KN>AP 1.83 -Sugarcane 273.93 UP>MH 4.4 -Potato 28.43 UP>WB - -Cotton* 23.6 GJ>MH 9.41 419 Jute* 10.41 WB>BHR 0.91 -Coffee - KN - -Tea - Assam - -Rubber - Kerla - -Onion - MH - -

*Million Bales

Others :The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights(PPV&FR) Authority, established in Nov., 2005 at NewDelhiNational Project on Management of Soil Health &Fertility (NPMSF), has been introduced in 2008-09Total No. of Soil Testing Laboratories (STLs)in India-750(2008-09)Total irrigation potential in India- 102.77 million ha byMarch 2007Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) started

since 1996-97NAFED -National Agricultural Cooperative MarketingFederation of India LimitedCCI- Cotton Corporation of IndiaThe Macro Management of Agriculture Scheme (MMA)was formulated in 2000-01National Food Security Mission (NFSM ) has beenlaunched from the rabi 2007-08 to enhancing theproduction of rice, wheat and pulses by 10, 8 and 2million tonnes respectively by the end of the EleventhPlan


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Notes:.....

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.Continue until reach the success........

Contents:1. Indian Agriculture-20102. ICAR -History3. ICAR - Milestone4. Organizational Setup of ICAR: (Present scenarios-2010)5. Handbook of Agriculture (New Entry)6. General Agriculture (New)7. General Agriculture by Muniraj Singh (New Entry)8. Informatics in Agriculture

9. Nanotechnology in Agriculture10. Crop Biotechnology11. Mile Stones in Agricultural Development12. Irrigation in India-201013. ITK in Agriculture14. Green Revolution15. Crop Production, Area (Current figure)16. Others

References :1. Handbook of Agriculture- ICAR (new edition)2. General Agriculture- Muni raj Singh (new edition)3. Survey of India- Govt. of India (2009-10)4. India-20105. ICAR websites

Availability Sources:


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http://sites.google.com/site/ iariinnovative /3. For Hard copy visit Pusa Book Shop, Shishir Hostel, IARI,

New Delhi

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BriefBookofAgricultureEd. II