BRITISH COLUMBIA HISTORICAL NENS

VoL 9 No. 2 ISSN 00452963 February 1976

Published November, February; April and June each year bythe British Columbia Historical Associ3.tion, and distributedfree to members of all affiliated societies by the secretariesof their respective societies, Subscription rate to nonmembers: $5.00 Canadian per year; including postage, directlyfrom the Editor, Mr P.A, Yandle, 3450 West 20th Avenue,Vancouver, B.C. V6S 1E4.Deadline for submissions: the 10th day of each month of issue.

Executive 1975-76

Hon. Patron:Hon. President:President:Past President:1st Vice-President:2nd VicePresident:Secretary:

Recording Secretary:Editors:Treasurer:Executive members:

Lieut-Gov. 7a1ter OwenDr Margaret OrmsbyMr Frank StreetCol. G,S. AndrewsMr Jack RoffMr Aif SlocombMiss ii11 Rowland, #203, 4800Arhutus; Vancouver V6J 4A5Dr Patricia RoyM & Mrs P,A0 YandleMr Kent HaworthMr Donald ewMr Rex Tweed

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The cover series for Volume 9, drawn by Robert Genn,depicts Indian canoes. This issue features canoes of theCoast Salish.

PageTABLE OF CONTENTSEditorialMinutesSociety Notes & CommentsObituaryJottingsB.C. Books of InterestReports from the Provincial ArchivesBook Reviews:The Warm Land, by E. Blanche NorcrossPeople from our side, by Peter PitseolakBritish Columbia Chronicle, by G.P.V. & H. AkriggSelections from Picturesque CanadaReminiscences of Dr 3. S. HelmckenDavid Thompson, by James K. SmithGhost town trails of the Yukon, by D. SawatskyRed Serge Wives, ed by Joy Duncan

Letter to the EditorPender Island PortageRenewed Interest in Bai1lieGrohman, by D. Kay

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MINUTES

Minutes pf the Council Meeting of the British ColumbiaHstoriai Aseociation held in: the Board Room of the ProvincialMuseum, Victoria, BC.,. Sunday, February 8th, 1976 at 1.30 pm.

Present: Franlç Street, President; Jill Rowland, Acting Coresp—onding Secretary; Jack Roff., 1st Vice—President; Alf Slocomb,2nd Vice-P.resident: G.S, Andrews, Past President; Kent Haworth,Treasurer; Donald New and Rex Tweed,; Executive Members.; PatriciaRoy, Recording Secretary. Alan Turner, Provincial Archivist;Ruth Barnett., Campbell River; James McCook, Victoria; DeirdreNorman, Vancouver; keg Millway, Burnaby; Gene Joyce, Port Alberni;3. Len Nicholls, Nanaimo; Robert Watt, Vancouver; Ken Leeming,Victoria, and a number of members of the convention committeesof the Victoria Branch.

Moved, R, Tweed; seconded, A. Slocomb: that the minutes beadopted as circulated.

J, Rowland read a letter from the Federation of Mountaineering Clubs of B.C. outlining ther brief to the ProvincialGovernment concerning the preservation of historic trails. J.Roff agreed to act as chairman of a committee to study the briefon behalf of the B,C.H.A, Moved, R. Tweed; seconded, 3. Roff,that the Association send a letter to the Federation supportingtheir proposal in principle. .Carried,

3, Rowland acknowledged a letter from Mabel Jordon thankingthe Association for its letter of smypathy on the death of herhusband.

K. Leeming outlined the general plans of the VictoriaBranch for the convention on June 3—5, 1976, which will be basedon the University of Victoria campus. George Turner presenteda time—table of the events scheduled:

. Thursday, June 3. — Registration, 8—10 p.m. at. Craigdarroch Castle, with a tour of the Castle

led by J.K. Nesbitt, and refreshments.. Friday, June 4

Morning — Guided tours of the Provincial Museum andParliament Buildings.

Afternoon — Walking tour of the cityEvening - Butchartvs Gardens

Saturday June 59 am. * Old Council meeting

10 a.m.. — Annual General Meeting3 p.m. — Tea t Government Hous.e

7.30 p.m. — Banquet, with Ainslie Helmcke,n as guest speaker.

Several possible post—convention tours are being considered.They include a Gulf Islands cruise, a trip on the Esquirnalt andNanimo Railway.,, and a journey to Port Townsend, Washington.

4

K, Leeming reported on behalf of the Constitution andBy—Laws Committee. His report provoked considerable discussionespecially on the question of whether or not all those presentat the Annual General Meeting or only those who are properlyaccredited delegates from their branuhes should vote.

K. Leeming moved; A; Slocomb seconded.:. that the suggestedamendments to the Constitution as submitted by the Constitutionand By—Laws Committee be presented to the Annua.l General Meetingfor approval. Carried.

J. Rowland stated she had received a letter from theBowen Island Historians seeking affiliation, with the B.C.Historical Association. She suggested that Council concur inthe request by referring their acceptance fOr affiliationto the Annual General Meeting. R. Tweed moved; J. Roff seconded:that we refer the application for affiliation to the AnnualGeneral Meeting. Carried.

K. Leeming reported on the work of the Nominating Committee.

The meeting adjourned at 325. p.m.

* * * * * * * * * *

SOCIETY NOTES AND COMMENTS

ALBERNI Genevieve Joyce was elected President at thebeginning of the 1975-76 season and has presided over regularmeetings since last fall. Also elected were Gerry Jamiesonand Doreen MacLeod, Vice—Presidents, Alice Riley, Secretary,and Anne bit, Treasurer.

In September the programme at the Soc.iety meetingfeatured a film show andcommentary by Armour and Helen Ford,in which the members and guests were presented..with views andinformation on the Canadian Arctic. The local couple had madetheir Arctic journey during the 1975 summer with other studentsin a U,B.C. Continuing Education programme. The NorthwestTerritGries •were the subject when B.C. Gillies, a former N.W.T.supervisor of educátion, presented slides and told of the schools

of the far north. ProvincialArchivist Allan Turner was thespeaker in November

An urban development—granted programme now underway atAlberni District Museum was the subject inJanuary when membersof the group, along with Curator John Sendey, told of the researchbeing carried Out on the early period of settlement in AlberniValley.

CAMPBELL RIVER In Sêtember it was decided to hold generalmembership meetings, except for the annual meeting, if and whena sufficiently interesting programme had been prepared, along witlas little routine business as is possible, inasmuch as theexecutive council meets monthly, and the trustees responsible forthe operation of the Museum meet separately with the curator aso

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WEST KOOTENAY Our activities during the fall and winter monthshave been mostly focussed on moving our quarters, from theMemorial. Centre, although there was nothing actually to moveexcept an idea! It had been suggested that this fairly largeroom might be developed as a Museum and meeting—place, but therewere drawbacks. Then an.ofier.çame from City Hall: The formerTrail police station, an adjunct of the City Hall, is now undergoing alterations designed to provide the city with a modestmuseum and the society with a permanent home. In the meantimewe have bean enjoying the comforts of. the Council Chambers forour taeetin.gs. Incidentally, preparing the “nest” of rooms forour use has meant some hard labour on the part of some of ourmale members.

President A.K, Macleod asked members to publicize the projectand to encourage donations or loans of historical picture.s andartifacts for display. Noting that security was excellent, MrMacleod said that the police lockup (4 cells) would be retainedas is — complete with graffiti. The cells are first classexhibits as well as deterrents to thieves of artifacts, he said.

One welcome change from dirty wo*k was an invitation to jointhe Arts Club to hear ‘Mr Thomas Reid, a well—known .old-timer,speak on “The History of Musié in Trail”; he had many amusingstorieS. and pictures of the lively bands and vocalists of thoseearly days.

A brief mention of Trail’s 75th birthday as a City, to becelebrated June 30—July 1st this year: In preparation for this,Mr Craig Andrews of the Arts—History Faculty at Selkirk Collegehas bean working on a film—document in collaboration withcinematographer Bob Tarplett. A videotaped segment highlightingTrail’s history, with photographic stills, accompanied by narra—tiO:n was previewed at a recent meeting of the Trail Historical.

VICTORIA At their January meeting Mr Douglas Cole,: HistoryDepartment, Simon Fraser University, spoke on the topic “Theheroic years of B.C. art”. Dr Dorothy Blakey Smith gave anaddress in February on “An early Victorian boyhood iri London”.

WINDERMERE We had two field trips, one to the Shuswap Cemeterynear Athalmer and the other to the Earl Grey Cabin, which stillstands.in a rather neglected condition near the entrance tothe Earl Grey Pass.

During the summer months the Society received a grantfrom: the Student Community Programme, which enabled one of ourmembers, Mrs Kathleen McKenzie, to carry out an archaeologicaldig at two local sites that are slated to become subdivisions.This undertaking proved very successful, yielding many indicationof: an early Indian habittion. Part of this grant was used toimprove the museum itself, under the direction of Mrs W. Weir.Much work was done to put our archival papers in better order,and we were able to keep the Museum open to the public dailyduring July and August.During this time a new exhibit was putin relating to the mining history of the: area, and two week—longspecial displays were held at the end of the season, onefeaturing the work and activities of ioneer women and the otherdevoted to Indian life, artifacts and handcraft.

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9

and details documented0 Of particular interest is the historical background presented for the preservation of the DewdneyTrail, the Hudson Bay Trail, the Whatcom Trail and the BrigadeTrail, which are encnmpansed in this additional parkland thatshould be included in Manning Park0 Any member interested inthis truly historical project shou write to the OkanaganParks Society, P.O. Box 787, Summerland, B.C. VOR 1ZO.

* * * * * * * * * * * *

B.C. BOOKS OF INTEREST, by F, Woodward

BAPTIE, Susan0 First growth: the story of the B.C. ForestProducts. Vancouver, B.C. Forest Products Ltd., 1975. 286 pp.,ill. $12.50; $8.50 paper.

BERKE, Vasilii N. A chronological history of the scovery ofthe Aleutian Islands or the exploits of the Russian merchantswith a supplement of historical data on the fur trade. ed. byRichard A. Pierce. Kingston, Limestone Press, 1974. 127 p $6.00.

BRITTSH COLUMBIA. Dept. of Travel Industry. The “Royal Hudsonand the story of railroading in B.C0 Victoria, 1975. 47 p. $1.

CAMPBELL, Marjorie W. Northwest to the sea: a biography ofWillimMcGillivray. ¶oronto/Vancouver, Clarke Irwin, 1975.230 pp., illus. $12.50.

CARIBOO; the newly discovered gold fields of B.C.., by a returneddigger.... Fairfield, Wash. Ye Galleon Press) 1975. 76 p. $6.

CARTER, William H. North American medical practices & burialcustoms. (London,Ont., Namind Printers, 1973) 109 p. illus.

CHAPMAN, Roger. No time on our side, Sidney, Grays Pub., 1975..168 pp., illus. $8.50.

DAVIES, David L. English Bay Branch, CPR, Vancouver. (B.C. railguides no. 8) Vancouver, Can. Railway Nist.Ass. 1975. 26 p. $1.75

DAVIS, Chuck0 Chuck Davis’ guide to Vancouver, Revised 1975—76.Vancouver, J.J. Douglas, 1975. 220 p. iii. $3.95.

DAWDY, Doris 0. Artists of the American west: a bibliographicaldictionary. Chicago, Sage Books, 1974. 275 p. $12.50.

DUFF, Wilson. Images; stone: B.C. — thirty centuries of NorthwestCoast Indian sculpture. Don Mills, Oxford U.P, 1975. 191 pp.illus. $14.95; $7.95 paper.

EDWARDS, Margaret H. A bibliography of B.C., years of growth1900—1950. Victoria, University of Victoria, 1975. 446 p. $30.

EMERY, Maud. A seagull’s cry0 Surrey, Nunaga, 1975. 152 p. $7.95.FEDEROVA, Svetlana G. The Russian population in Alaska and California: late 18th century — 1867; translated by Richard A.Pierce and Alton S. Donnelly, Kingston, Limestone, 1973. 376 p.$9.50.

FITZGERALD, Kathleen, Here comes tomorrow. Vernon, Vernon InteriorPrinters, 1974? 99 p., illus. $4.95.

FRANKLIN, Benjamin. Passport to glory; Benjamin Franklin andCaptain Cook; Tacoma, Washington State American RevolutionBicentennial Commission, 1975, 4 pp. $2.50,

GALLINS, Glenn. A guide to the incorporation and operation of asociety in B,C,; prepared for the Vancouver Community LegalAssistance Society. . . . (Vancouver) 1974. 50 pp.

10

GOULD, Jan. Women of British Columbia. Saanichton, HancockHouse, 1975. 224 p., illus. $14.95.

HASKETT, Patrick. The Wilkes Expedition in Puget Sound; 1841;Olympia, Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education,1974. 61 p., $5.00.

HAYS, H.R. Childien of the raven; the seven Indian nationsof the Northwest Coast. N.Y. McGraw Hill, 1975. 314 p. illus.

HILL, Leslie, comp. The tokcns of B.C. and the Yukon: a supplement; Vancouver, Vancouver Numismatic Society, 1973.28 pp., $1.00.

HILSON, Stephen E. Exploring Puget Sound and B.C. Holland,Mich. Van Winkle Pub.Co. 1975. 107 p. illus.$24.95 $19.95 US

HOGARTH, Paul. Artists on horseback; the old west in illustrated journalism: 1857—1900. N.Y. Watson—Guptill Pubns,1972. 288 p. $17.50.

HUNT, William R. North of 53; the wild dayc of the Alaska—Yukonmining frontier 1870—1914. N.Y. Macmillan, 1974. 328 p. $12.95.

1-IUTCHESON, Sydney. The curse and other stories. Castlegar,Cotinneh Books, 1973. 127 pp. illus.

JACKSON, William H. Handloggers. Anchorage, Alaska NorthwestPub. Co., 1974. 251 p. illus. $4.95.

KERNAGHAN, Eileen and Patrick. The upper left—hand corner; awriter’s guide to the markets of northwestern Canada and theU.S. Vancouver, J.J. Douglas, 1975. 160 p. $7.95.

KHLEBNIKOV, K,T. Baranov: chief manager of the Russian coloniesin America; ed. by Richard Pierce. Kingtson, Limestone Pr.,1973. 140 p. $6.00.

KUSHNER, Howard I. Conflict on the Northwest Coast; American—tssian rivalry in the Pacific Northwest, 1790—1867. Westport Conn. Greenwood Press, 1975. 227 p. illus. $13.95.

MacEWAN, Grant. ... And mighty women too: stories of notablewestern Canadian women. Saskatoon, Western Producer PrairieBooks, 1975. .307 p. illus. $10.00; $5.00 paper.

MARLATT, Daphne. Steveston recollected: .a Japanese—Canadianhistory. Victoria, Provincial ARchives, Aural History-Division, 1975. 104 p. illus. $3.00.

MILNE, Jack, Trading for milady’s furs. Sakatoon, WesternProducer Prairie Boos, 1975. 252 p. $9.95.

HUTHANNA, I.M. People of India in North America. Bangalore,Lotus Printers, 1975. 459 p illus. $14.00.

NOWELL, Iris, comp. Cross—country skiing in B.C. Toronto,Grey de Pencier Books, 1975. 80 p. illus. $2.25.

PAGE, Frank C, Silvery mists of B.C. the lovos of science.Vancouver, Lions Publishing Co., 1975. 66 p. illus.

PATERSON, T.W. Ghost town trails of Vancouver Island. LaiLey,Stagecoach Publishing Co. 1975. 167 p. illus. $5.95.

RUSSELL, Andy. The Rockies. Edmonton, Hurtig, 1975. 160 p.,illus. $20.00.

SCOTT, Jack, Sweat and struggle; working class struggles;inCanada. V.1 1789—1899. Vancouver, New Star Books 1974.209 p., illu. $8.00; $2.95 paper.

SIMrSON, Sir George. Simpson’s 1828 journey to the. Columbia....edited by E.E. Rich. .. (Hudsons Bay Recod Society., Pub’nNo. 10) Nendeln/Liechtenstein, Kraus Reprint, 1968. 277 p.$22.00.

SMAILL, Gordon. Squamish Chief guide. Vancouver, Bill Lupul &Marlene Smaill, 1975. 115 p. illus. $4.95.

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Public speeches, radio broadcasts and news conferenceshave also been preserved0 The largt group of recordings(about 100 hours) are the public speeches and press conferences of former Premier David Barrett0 Other recordingsinclude B.C. Premiers Patullo, Hart, Johnson, W.A,C. Bennett,and W,R. Bennett2 as well as Gordon Gibson Jr., T.C, Douglasand some provincial radio campaign material.

Perhaps the most valuable historical sources are the taperecorded interviews0 These include sessions with federalpoliticians H.H. Stevens, Grace Maclnnis and George PearkesCoalitionists Douglas Turnbull and Captain John Cates; SocredsRay Williston, Wesley Black, Robert Bonner, W.N, Chant, EricMartin, Lew King, P,A. Gaglardi, Herb Bruch, John Tisdalle,and Donald Smith; and CCF/NDP politicians Robert Strachan,Harold Winch, Lois Haggen, Arthur Turner, Dorothy Steeves andRae Eddie. Sevexl of the interviews are lengthy (up to 30hours) and most have been transcthed.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

BOOK REVIEWS

THE WARM LAND: A history of Cowichan, by E. Blanche Norcross.Revised edition, Duncan, Island Books, 1975. 130

pp,illus.

$5.95,(There is also a limited numbered edition of 125 copies boundin Skivertext, autographed by the author, and designed forpresentation purposes. $25.00. Available from the author,710 Hamilton Avenue, Nanaimo, V9R 4G6,)

This book is a factual account of the history of Vancouver Islands Cowichan Valley, written with the warm familiarity of one who is a descendant of one of its pioneers. Inlinking the people and events of the area, the story followseasily from the Hudsons Bay Company trading schooners, throughand beyond the space age when William Carpenter, M.D., anative of the valley is feted on his return from attendingto the first moon walkers.

It is a. revision, of the first 1959 edition and it contains several new chapters and additional illustrations so thatwith the striking totem design on the cover and superior typeof paper and binding, the book is a useful reference and alsowould make an attractive gift.

Fittingly enough, the book opens with the legends andlore of the mighty Cowichan Indians a powerful influence inthose early days. The arrival of the whites and the “civili—zing” influence of the churches and missionaries are told atlength. Communication by road was a tenuous thing, we aretold, and when therailway came, the Valley had its own styleof welcome for Sir John A. Macdonald and Robert Dunsmuir.

13

Chapters on early industries in the valley, lggging,mining, fishing and various types of farming, show carefulresearch of many sources and provide the background of severalconcerns, still active in the area. The persistent efforts andfoibles of those developing local self government are told withdetail and with gentle forbearance.

Continuing beyond the 194Os the reader is caught up inthe more furious pace of events, characteristic of the age, wherethe indizidual is buried in coils of regulatory boards and committees so that the significance of events becomes out of focus.

Two chapters of special interest recall sevel conim—unities and public places which flourished and faded — Fair—bridge Farms, and its underprivileged English youngsters; Mayo,the Sikh village and the Somenos Church, which had but oneservice — the funeral of its builder and architect. This isfollowed by an excellent appendix giving brief biographies ofmany valley pioneers.

If criticism is to be made, it would be to regret that ina comprehensive history of this sort, there is no subject indexto assist the reader to more eai.ly locate the many gems ofinformation which the author has unearthed so capably, for ourpleasure.

Jack Roff.

Mr Roff is First Vice—President of the B.C. Historical Ass’n,

PEOPLE FROM OUR SIDE; an Inuit record of Seekooseelak — theland of the people of Cape Dorset. A life story with photographs by Peter Pitseolak and oral biography by Dorothy Eber.Edmonton, Hurtig, 1975. 166 pp. illus. $12.50; $8.95 paper.

I have just read “People from our Side” and I am impressed.it is noteworthy in these days of coffee table books aboutevery subject under the sun that a book of this calibreshould come along; it is earthy and very real.

Peter Pitseolak has told his story well and Ann Hansonhas obviously done the translation with no small amount ofsincere understanding of the Inuit people.

The book has a fine sense of truth about it, and althoughsome readers may find cause to shudder at the occsaionalcruelty of some individuals, it must be remembered that theArctic is both beautiful and cruel — its people are cast inthe same mould.

Very good reading for all ages and especially forstudents of the Inuit.

Anthony Carter.

Mr Carter is a Vancouver author, photographer andpublisher.

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for all the world like the Henley regatta, while Queen Street.,dotted with trotting hansoms looks like an afternoon in theTuleries. Old Quebec is depicted, as now, as a delightfullybackward cultural microcosm offering diversion and amusementfOr the new Canadian,

The railway was coming, of course, and for the strong ofwill, the entrepreneurs, it is the west which challenges. Hereis the wild rugged beauty of the Frazer Canyon, or the canyonof the Homatheo, rendered in the Hudson River School style.The old steam paddle—wheeler ascends to Yale, where fortunebeckons beyond the misty mountains. And a lonely prospectorEscabin in winter where men shot at nearby deer while women swoonto see blood,

But always we turn the page and are led back to security;the security of the British presence. UH,M,S, Shah anchoredat the naval base at Esquimalt”. Victoria is described as “themost charming little city in America, — in no city north ofSan Francisco can you get a dinner such as is served daily atthe Driard House”.

The engravings are of the standard style popular andpractical in the 1330—1890 period. The most notable Canadianengravers of the time were Fred Schell and Lucius OvBrien andthese two are well represented. The engravings themselvesare well reproduced by lithography on good stock with probablyvery little loss of definition. The book should be a welcomeaddition to any picture book library of Canadiana, but more thananything it puts one in mind to keep an eye open for an originalset of the 1882 volumes,

Robert Genn

Mr Genn, a prominent B.C. artist designs the covers of the News.

* * * * * * * * * *

THE REMINISCENCES OF DOCTOR JOHN SEBASTIAN HELMCKEN. Editedby Dorothy Blakey Smith, with an introduction by W, KayeLamb. Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press,1975. xlii, 396 pp., illus. $18.95.

The reminiscences of Dr John Sebastian Helmcken have beenstudied for years by British Columbia researchers; now. DorothyBlakey Smith as editor and the University of B.C. Press havemade them available for everyone. Together they have produced an excellent book for students of our province’s history.The price may deter many; perhaps a paperback edition mightbe produced at a later date.

From W. Kaye Lambs introduction to the detailed indexat the back, the book is divided into sections which are goodfor quick reference, and are as easy for browsing as to r.eadfrom beginning to end. There is a chronological table whichpointS out the main dates in Helmcken’s life. The appendixcontains the Helmcken genealogy, plus the articles which

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18

DAVID THOMPSON, by James K. Smith. Don Mills, Fitzhenry &Whiteside, 1q75. 62 pp.. illus. $2.25,

James K. Smith is no stranger to the life of David Thomp-son. He first wrote his biography under the same title forOxford University Press in 1971 But this 1975 paperback differsgreatly in that its picture painting use of adjectives, itstight writing, its palatable explanations, its pages studdedwith maps, photographs, sketches, reprints from Thompson’sjournals, and questions, are all directed. towards school students. This is one in a new series of biographies entitled“The Canadians”.

It is id that to write for a younger audience one mustwrite better than one would for adults. Smith clearly doesthis, making David Thompson excellent reading for any age group, pno matter how deep or shallow the interest.

From the very first page, as David Thompson journeys toHudson’s Bay Company’s Churchill Factory, he becomes alive. Itis 1784 and he is fourteen0 Obliquely mentioning Thompson’slife prior to 1784, Smith takes us through his years of adventure, achievements, toil and final poverty. He was a remarkableman of many parts: fur trader, surveyor mapmaker, explorer,husband, father, author; and in the words of J.B. Tyrrell, theman who made Thompson’s forgotten accomplishments known, “thegreatest land geographer who ever lived”.

David Thompson made five invaluable contributions to Canada0 In 1798 when the boundary question was in progress heestablished that the 49th parallel, assumed to cross the head—waters of the Mississippi River, did not in fact do so. He discovered two passes through the Rockies: the ilowse Pass in 1807and the Athabasca Pass in 1811. Also in 1811, after discoveringthe elusive Columbia River, he became the first white man totravel its length. His 1813—1814 Map of the Nort1-West Territory” was the basis of Canadian maps for ove.r one hundred years.His unpublished autobiography describing his life durig 28years with first the Hudson’s Bay Corn pany and later the NorthWest Company, 1784—1812, illuminates well that period inCanada’s history0

Smith deals with all these points, giving four of them theemphasis they deserve. Yet surprisingly, he hurries throughthe Columbia River journey in one paragraph, a great disappointment. Thompson’s few errors and moments of seif—centrednessare also given space by this unbiased historian. In Thompson’syouth, his wide interests led him to examine a mosquito undermicroscope, to study the habits of polar bears, and to marvelat the instincts of migrating birds0 Smith develops the3eitems well.

Living so near the river which Simon Fraser named forThompson, being a fellow Welshman, and finding that his journeyshave so closely affected many areas of British Columbia, including my own, I have always felt an affinity to this great man.Though bitterly disapoointed in the front cover illustration,I would heartily recommend this book to anyone interested inCanadian or British Columbian history, and would deem it a must

19

for all those curious about David Thompson’s life of achievement

Nina G. WoolliamsMrs Woolliams is a member of the Kamloops Museum Association.

* * * * * * * * * * * *

GHOST TOWN TRAILS OF THE YUKON, BY Don SAWATSKY, Langley, B.C.Stagecoach Publishing Co., 1975. 120 pp.9 illus. $4.95.

“Yukon” has become a household word. The vast, bleakterritory has been endlessly documented, wildly romanticizedin fiction, and not infrequently exploited in fact. One of thesilliest and most misleading pieces of journalism I ever read.ppeared in the British sunday Times when that august journalsent a reporter to do a story on the Yukon. Something in theair up there seems to inspire writers to flip their lids — andI say this as one who has done a stint in the Yukon and mustshare the guilt.

All the more credit, then, to Don Sawatsky for producingthis highly readable and often fascinating book in a mannerthat makes the subject seem fresh as paint. Even if you thinkyou know all about the Yukon and dont want to hear any more,you’ll find facts and anecdotes here which arc worthy of note.

Writer Sawatsky digs deep. His painstaking history startsin 1670, when King Charles II of England granted a Royal Charterto the Honourable Adventurers” who claimed the territory cfRupert’s Land, One hundred and eighty years later, RobertCampbell crossed into the Yukon to explore, and to launchlucrative trade with the Indian peoples. Actually the Russianswere among the first white men to venture as far as the Klndike, but they did not pursue their exploration. (One wondershow history might have been changed, if they had.) The bookcovers everything that happened from the first tentatiie expeditions to the 1920’s, and is generously illustrated with excellent photographs. (One of them shows what half a million dollarslooks like in the shape of real gold bricks a mind—bogglingsight.) There are anecdotes in plenty, some poignant, sonichorrifying, some funny. My favourite concerns the “TarnishedDovesT’ of Dawson City, a bunch of swinging ladies who helpedto relieve the miners of their gold in exchange for servicesrendered. In fact businesslike pstitution continued to flourish in the area until the early 1950’s, when some telltalewrote a letter of protest to the Federal Government in Ottawa.The Mounties were ordered to move in and put paid to the fun andgames, thus ending yet another chapter in Yukon history.

I enjoyed this book, The writer has done his homework,and the result is not only a good source of reference, but“a rood read” as well. June Franklin

June Franklin is the author of three books, a former journalist,and is now employed as publicist for the Vancouver Museums andPlanetarium. **************

20

RED SERGE WIVES, edited by Joy Duncan. Edmonton, CentennialBook Committee, 1974. 249 pp., ilius. $8.50.

This book is a collection of fifty short stories, most ofthem written by wives of members of the Royal Canadian MountedPolice stationed in Alberta. Although the storie3 are notchronologically arranged, they subtly give the reader thehistory of Alberta from 1875 to the late 1950’s. The editor’scontribution, entitled “They Also Served”, based on scantyreferences, gives some insight as to what kind of young ladieschose to become policemen’s wives in a wilderness country. Eachof the subsequent contributions describes an event as recalledby its author. The final chapter, entitled “A Cry from theHeart”, consists of excerpts from the writings of Alice West.hrs West’s diary notes, brief and descriptive, are a summationof what all the other authorsare trying to expre—s. Becausethe lives of these women had many similarities, the variousaccounts have a tendency to be repetitious. This is lessobvious with leisure reading than with reading the book at onesitting. In these snatches of history, the reader is made awareof the important role that women played Li establishing andmaintaining a law—abiding society in a new country. They werean important part of the “Force’, Loyalty, versatility, physicaland emotional strength were expected and received from them,but were not officially recognized. This col:Lection is a documentation of their contribution. Women reading this book willgain respect for these women because of their contribution toCanada’o history. Men who read it will find respect for womenin general.

Arlene BramhallMrs Bramhail is a member of the Burnaby Historical society.

*•*** ** * * ***•** *

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

“Dear Sir, In reading Mr Kent Flaw3rth’s curious review of theKlanak Press edition of The Great Gold Fields of Cariboo I wasstruck by the failure of the reviewer to appreciate the importance of new editions of British Columbiana. As one who hassuffered greatly from having to toil over cheaply and consequently poorly produced facsimiles of works dealing with theearly history of the province (I describe it variously as Colescomplaint, Hurtig infirmity, Ye Galleon Press indisposition,etc.), I am appreciative of the clarity and quality of this newedition, which at $17.50, is not published at an exorbitantselling piice. Whereas the antiquated formats of the reprintsof several publishers currently exploiting our passions forCanadiana tend to turn students away, new editions are likelyto reverse this trend. If one student will have been attractedto the history of the province by this fact, I will be pleased.(In my experience, I have noted that those who bemoan thepaucity of Canadiana are often the first to complain of theprice of that available a curious but nonetheless Canadianpractice which tells us a lot about ourselves).

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24

International border and the Kootenay Lake. Of course Grohmanplanned to sell this land to settlers to recompense him forbuilding the ditch from the N.ootenay to the Columbia at CanalFlats

It was just at this time that the Canadian Pacific Railway interests had decided to build their main line through theRogers Pass, and they objected to Grchman’s ch.eme which wouldbe certain to flood sections of their tracks north of Golden,where the Columbia River ran close to the lines surveyed forthe railway.

There followed much correspondence and controversy backand forth between the Provincial Government, Baillie—Grohman,he settlers and others around Golden on the Columbia belowthe lake, and the Dominion Government who had control of navigable waterways. This demanded several trips by Grohman toOttawa.

Here follows, in part, a portion of an interestingpetition against Grohraan’s proposal, signed by some thirtysettlers, miners, farmers, tradesmen and iaerchants of theGolden area. In this later day perhaps it may supply thepresent opposition to this diversion with another arrow fortheir quiver, in protesting to B.C. Hydro and the Government.This petition is taken from Mrs Jordon’s article and it states:

The petition of the inhabitants of the 5th Siding of theCanacian Pacific West, otherwise known as Golden City, andother settlers in the Upper Columbia Valley:

“That your petitioners view with alarm a certain publicofficial notice posted here, dated nov. 3, 1885, havingreference to the diversion of the Kootenay River or aportion thereof into the valley of the Columbia

“That the Kootenay River traverses United States territoryfor about one hundred and fifty miles and re—enters Canadabefore its junction with the Columbia, and its diversionmight lead to foreigh complaints of damages to navigation,limiting water power, sanitary and other causes.

“That the lands in the shorter distance on the KootenayRiver, partially reclaimed by the diversion, would begreatly overbalanced by the sure damage to those in thegreater distance of the Columbia.

“That the volume of water in the Kootenay is considerablygreater at all times than that passing down the Columbia,and the former is travelling at a far greater velocity.

“That from the above consideration and the fact of the veryslight fall of the Columbia River, between the lakes andGolden City,we are sure, if sufficient water b divertedfrom the Kootenay into the Columbia to produce any beneficialeffects in reclaiming lands on the former, that the waterin the latter will be very considerably raised along theColumbia Valley, The Columbia River having such a slightfall and low banks would be unable to carry off this greataddition and would therefore oveow all the low lands

25

adjoining it Now those low lands are the hay lands of thedistrict. We submit that these hay lands are of the utmostimportance to the farming, ranching and general interestsof the valley. Stock in this country has to be fed on hayduring at least three months of the winter, and we ventureto state that no settler would take up land, nor would thosesettled hold their homesteads in this valley unless they weresure of being able to cut the necessary hay to winter theirstock. The destruction of these lands we regard as acertainty if this diversion takes place.

“Much greater damage and ruin may be contemplated, such asflooding towns and destroying townsites, also damaging rail—road properties, depending on the height to which the watermay rise.,,. That much valuable timber will be destroyed.

“That it will also preclude the making of a roadway throughthe country giving access to the detached bench lands whichare favoured by climate and soil for the growth of cereals.”

CRORMAN WAS NOT THE FIRST -• Herevs another interestingpiece of information from that same article telling of a not—so—well—known, still earlier attempt to divert the Kootenaywaters into the Columbia, again at Canal Flats; it was forreclaiming, not land that time, but gold — Mrs Jordon writes,

“By his own admiasion, Grohman was not the first to try todivert the Kootenay into the Columbia by means of a canal.At the same place some nineteen years earlier, during thegold excitement at Wild Horse Creek, twenty—five men hadcommenced working there with the same end in view but fora different purpose, They hoped to divert the entireKootenay River so that they could wash for gold in theriver—bed, They expected to complete their project in oneseason, but shortage of provisions and funds prevented themfrom carrying it out”.

And now, back to the 18SOs: The Dominion Governmentfinally cancelled the diversion project, giving Grohmaninstead title to more land, some 30,000 acres in the UpperKootenay Valley below Elko, Just what he ever did with them,we have never heard,

As an added sop, Grohman was also allowed to build asmall canal with a gate at the upper end and a lock lowerdown, to take care of the ten feet difference in the level ofthe Kootenay River and Columbia Lake. Part of this agreementwas that no waters were ever to flow from the Kootenay Riverinto the Columbia, except when. boats were passing through.The canal was to connect the two ri’ers and provide transportation for the river—boats, which were just getting underway, from one river to the other. Allegedly this would makeit possible to travel by river—boat all the way from Jennings,Montana, to Golden on the Columbia. The restrictions createdsuch a small canal and lock that they were insufficient insize to accommodate the larger boats which soon appeared onthe river.

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