British HistoryBritish History

OutlineOutline

Early history ( Celts, Roman occupation, Anglo-Saxons, Early history ( Celts, Roman occupation, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings)Vikings)Norman invasionNorman invasionMiddle Ages in Britain ( Magna Charta and the beginning Middle Ages in Britain ( Magna Charta and the beginning of the British parliamentary system, Hundred Years’ War, of the British parliamentary system, Hundred Years’ War, The War of Roses, the Tudor Age - Henry VIII , The War of Roses, the Tudor Age - Henry VIII , Elizabethan Age)Elizabethan Age)Civil War and the Glorious RevolutionCivil War and the Glorious RevolutionOliver CromwellOliver CromwellThe Napoleonic WarsThe Napoleonic WarsVictorian eraVictorian eraModern history, 20th century (WWI, WWII)Modern history, 20th century (WWI, WWII)famous personalities in British history (own choice)famous personalities in British history (own choice)

The Pre-Celtic PeriodThe Pre-Celtic Period (before 800BC) (before 800BC)

Stonehenge – comes from that time, Stonehenge – comes from that time,

settlers from Europe arrived between settlers from Europe arrived between 3500BC and 3000BC - introduced pottery, 3500BC and 3000BC - introduced pottery, farming and stone toolsfarming and stone tools

The Celtic PeriodThe Celtic Period (800BC-43AD)(800BC-43AD)

the Celts started to invade Britain from the the Celts started to invade Britain from the 10th century BC10th century BC

one of their tribes was called the Britons, one of their tribes was called the Britons,

the most important survival is the the most important survival is the existence of three Celtic languages: existence of three Celtic languages: Welsh, Irish and Gaelic.Welsh, Irish and Gaelic.

RomansRomans

occupied the country from 55BC when occupied the country from 55BC when Julius Ceasar invaded Britain, they stayedJulius Ceasar invaded Britain, they stayed

till the 5th century ADtill the 5th century AD

Hadrian's wall (defensive wall marking the Hadrian's wall (defensive wall marking the northern frontier of the Roman Empire)northern frontier of the Roman Empire)

the Roman roads are still in usethe Roman roads are still in use

influenced English lang.influenced English lang.

Angles, Saxons, JutesAngles, Saxons, Jutes ((middle of 5th cent. – 1066middle of 5th cent. – 1066))

came from Germany and Denmark and came from Germany and Denmark and the Netherlands in the 5th centurythe Netherlands in the 5th century

the best known king was Alfred the Great the best known king was Alfred the Great – translated books from Latin to English, – translated books from Latin to English, well educatedwell educated

The VikingsThe Vikings

arrived from Scandinavia throughout the arrived from Scandinavia throughout the 9th century and in 1066 the Normans 9th century and in 1066 the Normans invaded from France invaded from France1066 – the Battle of Hastings1066 – the Battle of Hastings – the – the English were defeated by a French Army English were defeated by a French Army led by William, Duke of Normandyled by William, Duke of Normandy William the Conqueror became a British William the Conqueror became a British kingking

The Period of FeudalismThe Period of Feudalism (1066-15th cent.) (1066-15th cent.)

English langauge and nation came into English langauge and nation came into beingbeing

a period of frequent wars and suffering, a period of frequent wars and suffering, prepared the way for England´s rise as a prepared the way for England´s rise as a real powerreal power

12th cent12th cent.- the struggle for power .- the struggle for power between the King and the church – it between the King and the church – it resulted in the murder of Thomas Becketresulted in the murder of Thomas Becket

13th cent13th cent.- granting of Magna Carta .- granting of Magna Carta Libertatum - 1215 John Lackland – limited Libertatum - 1215 John Lackland – limited the power of the Kingthe power of the King

1265 – the first House of Commons1265 – the first House of Commons

14-15th century14-15th century

Hundred Year´s WarHundred Year´s War with France (1348-1452)- with France (1348-1452)- England´s defeatEngland´s defeatthe Black Deaththe Black Death – a violent epidemic of plague – a violent epidemic of plague in 1348, the number of pop. was reduced from 4 in 1348, the number of pop. was reduced from 4 mil. to two millionmil. to two millionThe Wars of Roses The Wars of Roses a struggle for the Crown a struggle for the Crown between the house of York and the House of between the house of York and the House of Lancaster, whose emblems were a white and a Lancaster, whose emblems were a white and a red rosered rose

Lancaster YorkLancaster York

The Tudor Period (1485-1603)The Tudor Period (1485-1603)

England became one of the leading world England became one of the leading world powerspowers

The Age of RenaissanceThe Age of Renaissance

Henry VIII.Henry VIII.

had six wiveshad six wives

proclaimed himself the head of the Church proclaimed himself the head of the Church of Englandof England

despotic ruledespotic rule

beheaded two of his wivesbeheaded two of his wives

Sir Thomas More executed Sir Thomas More executed (disapproved of the King´s policies)(disapproved of the King´s policies)

arguments with the Popearguments with the Pope

Elizabeth IElizabeth I (16th cent.) (16th cent.)

Elizabethan Age – a popular monarchElizabethan Age – a popular monarch

encouraged trading expeditions often encouraged trading expeditions often combined with piracy (e.g. Sir Walter combined with piracy (e.g. Sir Walter RaleighRaleigh and Sir Francis Drake) and Sir Francis Drake)

the world´s greatest playwright W. the world´s greatest playwright W. ShakespeareShakespeare

big prosperitybig prosperity

The Stuarts and the English The Stuarts and the English Revolution (1603-1688)Revolution (1603-1688)

-a growing conflict between the King and -a growing conflict between the King and Parliament ------ led to the Civil War Parliament ------ led to the Civil War (abolition of the monarchy and Cromwell´s (abolition of the monarchy and Cromwell´s military rule)military rule)1660 – the monarchy was restored again1660 – the monarchy was restored again

1688 – the Glorious Revolution – 1688 – the Glorious Revolution – the Bill of the Bill of RightsRights limited the power of the King and limited the power of the King and strenthened the power of Parliamentstrenthened the power of Parliament

Lord ProtectorLord Protector

18th cent.- Industrial Revolution18th cent.- Industrial Revolution (1750s-1950s) (1750s-1950s)

Britain – the first industrial power in the Britain – the first industrial power in the

world world

colonial expansioncolonial expansion

important inventions:important inventions:

steamshipssteamships

railwaysrailways

decline of feudalismdecline of feudalism

The Napoleonic WarsThe Napoleonic Wars

the British Army defeated Napoleon at the British Army defeated Napoleon at Waterloo (Wellington) in 1815Waterloo (Wellington) in 1815

1783 -loss of US colonies1783 -loss of US colonies

the US proclaimed independence, so the US proclaimed independence, so India became the main stronghold of the India became the main stronghold of the British EmpireBritish Empire

The Victorian Era (1837-1901)The Victorian Era (1837-1901)

strongest power – industrial, commercial, strongest power – industrial, commercial, greatest sea power, colonial power (esp. Africa)greatest sea power, colonial power (esp. Africa)

Trade unions – Britain is the cradle of the trade Trade unions – Britain is the cradle of the trade union movement – industrial workers started to union movement – industrial workers started to organize themselves to defend their interestsorganize themselves to defend their interests

Social changes – low wages, slums, cheap child Social changes – low wages, slums, cheap child labourlabour

New division of society – working class peopleNew division of society – working class people

Victorian moralityVictorian morality

20th cent. - decline20th cent. - decline

1910 1910 House of WindsorHouse of Windsor

1921-Ireland-independence1921-Ireland-independence

WWIWWI

WWII- W.Churchil (1940-45)WWII- W.Churchil (1940-45)