Brittany Corey & Nicole Wirth Cultural Aspects of Nutrition Prof. Philip Skaff, MSU Denver Fall 2013 Moved to the U.S. in 2000 to complete his Masters degree in Civil Engineering. Living and working in Colorado since Allow us to presentThe Amazing Gaurav! Gauravs sister, mother, and Gaurav at his wedding reception, March 2012 Gaurav Being Gaurav Gaurav Hails From Mumbai, India Downtown Mumbai Mumbai population as of 2011 = about million 5 Asian Indian Immigrant Population by U.S. County, 2002 Hinduism: 82% Islam: 12% Christianity: 2.5% Other: 3.5% 4 Hinduism Monotheistic Polytheism Orthopraxy Rebirth: Samsara and Karma Vedas 4 Deities Vishnu Shiva Hanuman Rama Ganesha 4, 7 Religious Influence on Food Food Offerings Feast and Fast Vegetarianism Tamasic, Rajasic, Sattvic 7 Family Caste System: Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Sudras Joint Family System Arranged Marriage 1, 7 Traditional Food Habits Greatly varies by region, religious practices, and population Dietary Staples Grains & Legumes Rice Dal (dried beans, peas & lentils) Dairy Supplementation Yogurt Ghee (clarified butter) 8 Distinctive Seasonings Masalas are mixtures of spices and herbs. Prepared fresh wet or dried & powdered Coriander Cumin Fenugreek Turmeric Black & Cayenne Pepper Cloves Cardamom Cinnamon Chili Peppers Garlic Mint Tamarind Saffron 8 Meal Patterns Typically all home-cooked Hot meals, three times per day consisting of about three or four small courses Meals heavy on rice, lentils, vegetables, and traditional spices 10 Health Outcomes Acculturation has proven to increase the following risk factors as compared to native Asian Indian populations Coronary Heart Disease Diabetes Breast Cancer in Women Colon Cancers Hypertension 6 Indian Immigrants Study State College, PA Changes in dietary habits of college students since immigration : Convenience foods Increased meat consumption More dairy / cheese products Soda and alcohol Consumption of breads, pastas, muffins, & bagels Skipping breakfast, only one hot meal per day Larger portion sizes 10 Indian Immigrants Study State College, PA Eating habits influenced by: Age of participant Marital status 10 Gaurav: My eating habits have changed quite a bit since I got married, and as I have gotten older for sure. I used to eat a lot of pizza and pasta, and drink a lot of soda. Now Maria mostly cooks for us. We eat a lot of traditional Indian vegetarian food, and a lot of traditional Hispanic vegetarian dishes. I still probably drink too much coffee though! 13 Gaurav, Surya, & Maria Vasisht, 2013 Perceived Health Asian Indians tend to view better health in terms of the following factors Greater perceived support of friends Proximity of family and social support Proximity of place to worship 6 Samosas: Fried Indian Vegetable Pastries Recipe by Emeril Lagasse, for Food Network/recipes/emeril- lagasse/samosas-fried-indian- vegetable-pastries- recipe/index.htmlhttp://www.foodnetwork.com /recipes/emeril- lagasse/samosas-fried-indian- vegetable-pastries- recipe/index.html 9 Serving Size = 1 Piece Calories: 511 Carbohydrates: 60 g Fiber: 0 g Fats: 56 g Saturated Fat: 6 g Protein: 1 g Nutritional Evaluation from Samosas: Fried Indian Vegetable Pastries Vitamin A 4.28mcg1% Magnesium 3.06mg1% Vitamin A ---IU Manganese ---mg--- Vitamin B6 0.02mg1% Niacin 0.43mg3% Vitamin B12 0mcg0% Pant. Acid 0.00mg0% Vitamin C 2.07mg3% Phosphorous 39.98mg6% Vitamin D 0.01mcg0% Potassium 30.02mg1% Vitamin E 12.07mg80% Riboflavin 0.03mg2% Calcium 22.00mg2% Selenium 2.10mcg--- Cholesterol 0.95mg0% Sodium mg13% Copper ---mg0% Thiamin 0.05mg4% Iron 0.37mg2% Water 11.32g Nutritional Evaluation from Whole Grain Sweet Potato & Green Pea Samosa Serving Size = 1 Piece Calories: 209 Carbohydrates: 40.8 g. Fiber: 5.5 g. Fats: 3.5 g. Saturated Fat: 0.43 g. Polynsaturated Fat: 1.79 g. Monounsaturated Fat: 0.83 g. Protein: 5.9 g. Recipe fromgirl.com/?s=samosashttp://www.gluten-free-vegan- girl.com/?s=samosas Whole Grain Sweet Potato & Green Pea Samosa Vitamin A703.1mcg100% Magnesium86.52mg28% Vitamin A IU Manganese 1.09mg61% Vitamin B6 0.38mg29% Niacin 2.6mg19% Vitamin B12 0mcg0% Pant. Acid 0.95mg19% Vitamin C 19.12mg25% Phosphorous mg30% Vitamin D 0mcg0% Potassium mg11% Vitamin D 0IU Riboflavin 0.15mg13% Vitamin E 1.14mg8% Selenium 3mcg6% Vitamin E 1.71IU Sodium mg16% Calcium 80.64mg8% Thiamin 0.26mg24% Cholesterol 0mg Water g Copper 0.36mg40% Zinc 1.25mg16% Iron 1.98mg11% Diet Analysis by Fitday.com Ingredient Spotlight: Ginger Root Traditional Ayurvedic Uses Lower blood pressure Help circulation Control nausea Digestive aid Pain relief Enhance immune system 11 Counseling Tips Ayurvedic Medicine Practices may be important in addressing health issues Mind, Body, & Soul viewed as a system Imbalances cause ill- health 12 Identity for Asian Indian women is mostly based upon family relationships Social support leads to better health outcomes Economic & language barriers may prevent seeking healthcare 12 References 1.Anderson CA. Culture and Customs of India. Connecticut: Greenwood Press; Arya SR. History of Rama and Ramayama. Hindu Online.Published October 23, Accessed September 10, BBC. Introduction to Hinduism. BBC.Published September 29, Accessed September 15, Blackwell FR. India: A Global Studies Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO; Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES). Economic Survey, Government of Maharashtra and Census Diwan S & Jonnalagadda SS. Social Integration and Health among Asian Indian Immigrants in the United States, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 36: 1-2, Published online October 11, Accessed September 06, References (cont.) 7.Jacobson D. Indian society and ways of living.society-and-ways-living?page=0,0. Published Accessed September 15, 2013.http://asiasociety.org/countries/traditions/indian- society-and-ways-living?page=0,0 8.Kittler PG, Sucher KP, & Nahikian-Nelms M. Food and Culture. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning; 2004: Lagasse E. Samosas: Fried Indian Vegetable Pastries. Accessed fromrecipe/index.html Published Accessed September 08, recipe/index.html 10.Mahadevan M & Blair D. Changes in Food Habits of South Indian Hindu Brahmin Immigrants in State College, PA, Ecology of Food and Nutrition. Published online September 10, Accessed September 06, McIntyre A. The Ayurveda Bible. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books Ltd; 2012: Tewary S. Asian Indian Immigrant Women, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 11:1, Published online September 25, Accessed September 06, 2013.http://dx.doi.org/ /J137v11n01_01 13.Vasisht G. Personal Interview on September 12,