Broadband Circular Polarizers using Plasmonic Metasurfaces · 2016-10-04 · Andrea Alù Credits to: Dimitrios Sounas, Romain Fleury (now at EPFL), Yakir Hadad, Jason Soric, Nasim

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The Fascinating Optics of Metamaterials and Plasmonics

Presented by:

WelcomesYou!

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What we do?

• Organize Incubators

• Webinars

(Quarterly, Featuring prominent speakers)

• Special Activities

(@Conferences: Poster

Sessions, Dine & Discover,

Blogging) Poster session at CLEO in San Jose (2016)

Where to find us?

http://www.osa.org/en-us/get_involved/technical_communities/ois/nanophotonics_(on)_(1)/

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Creating a Community

@Nano_OSA

• Do you like to blog?• Organize an event?• Interact with colleagues?

facebook.com/nanophotonicsosa osa.org/communities

Andrea Alù

Credits to: Dimitrios Sounas, Romain Fleury (now at EPFL), Yakir Hadad, Jason Soric, Nasim Mohammadi Estakhri, Francesco Monticone, Mykhailo Tymchenko, Juan Sebastian Gomez-Diaz, Jongwon Lee, Diego Correas-Serrano,

Collaborators: Mikhail Belkin (UT Austin), Alex Khanikaev (CUNY)

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~aalu, [email protected]

http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~aalu

mailto:[email protected]

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A. Alù –The Fascinating Optics of Metamaterials and Plasmonics 7


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I. Freestone, et al., Gold Bulletin 40, 207 (2007)


I

II

III

IV

Y. Zhao, M. Belkin, A. Alù, Nature Comm. 3, 870 (2012)

Y. Zhao, A. Alù, Nano Lett. 13, 1086 (2013)

J. Lee, et al., Nature 511, 65 (2014)

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n<0


0 0, 0 0, 0 0,

‘Perfect’ lenses Invisibility cloaks

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A. Alù, N. Engheta, Phys. Rev. E 72, 016623 (2005)D. Rainwater, et al. New J. Phys. 14, 013054 (2012)


D. Rainwater, A. Kerkhoff, K. Melin, J. C. Soric, G. Moreno, and A. Alù, New J. Phys. 14, 013054 (2012)

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Cylinder without cloak

Cylinder with cloak


A. Alù, N. Engheta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 233901 (2009)J. Soric, A. Alù, IEEE TAP (2015)

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F. Capasso, V. Shalaev’s groups, Science (2011)


2 1 2 1

2 1 2 1

1ˆ

2

1ˆ

2

e t tS S

m t tS S

n H H Y E E

n E E Z H H

N. Mohammadi Estakhri, and A. Alù, Phys. Rev. X in press (2016)

2 2

1 1

1 1

2 2

H E2 0 2 0

E H,

H E0 2 0 2

E H

t t

t t

e m

t t

t t

Y Z

-2 -1 0 1 2

-2

0

2

x/

r

-2 -1 0 1 2

-10

0

10

x/

Im

agin

ary

Rea

l

-5

0

5

0x

(a)

(c)

(b)

0x 0x

0 04 , 0e m iY Z

, 0, 0 :rj x

iR re T

25r 75r 45r Ray Optics

25

45

75

r

r

r

,i iE H

1 1,s sE H

2 2,s sE H

n̂0d

Region 1

Region 2

-2 -1 0 1 20

1

2

3

4

x/

r

Induced surface currents

s sE (r),H (r)

i iE (r),H (r)

E(r),H(r) 0,0

,e m

Y Zn̂

1̂t

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, ,k k sx i xx

0s

0s

Mirror Retroreflector

x

, ,k kk xx s i p

0s 1s

all-angle retroreflection:

https://en.wikipedia.org

corner-cube Cat’s eye

narrow-angle retroreflection (Littrow grating):

https://en.wikipedia.org https:// thorlabs.com

Gratings with 400nm Blaze

Wavelengths >100 $


0

02sin

0@

0

2

0 0

2

0 0

1 cos 1 cos

1 cos 1 cos

i x

i x

eR x

e

x

0s 1s

z

0in

Graded

metasurface

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 800

25

50

75

100

i

|s

|2 %

Angular Response

0s

1s

0

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High index dielectric rods are used to implement the surface profile, providing large field concentration and low-loss.

Metasurface is 100 nm thick, designed for operation around 700 nm.

EH

100 nm

Glass

Ag

TiO2

50[nm]

= 600 nm

-80 -40 0 40 800

20

40

60

80

100

i

s

%

Angular Response

More than 80% efficiency for incident angle between 12 and72 degrees.

90% coupling efficiency tat the retroreflection angle (1.6% of the power is coupled to specular reflection).

-80 -40 0 40 800

20

40

60

80

100

i

s

%

Performance of the back silver


50

75

50

500 600 700 800 9000

25

50

75

i

nm

0

20

40

60

80

100

|s-

1|2 %

Design point

The metasurface operates over a broad half-power wavelength range

in terms of retroreflection efficiency.490 940 nm

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• Passive, often affected by losses• Time-invariance, lack of reconfigurability• Linear, or weakly nonlinear• Limited by symmetry constraints

• Hybrid metasurfaces• Multi-physics responses• Active, time-varying, time-modulated• Opto-mechanical interactions


N-doped multiple quantum wells (MQW)

(2) 52 ~ 10zzz pm V

400 n

m

~1m

~0.8 m

Phase matching at the nanoscale

J. Lee, C. Argyropoulos, P. Y. Chen, M. Tymchenko, F. Lu, F. Demmerle, G. Boehm, M. C. Amann, A. Alù, and M. A. Belkin, Nature 511, 65 (2014)

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J. S. Gomez-Diaz, M. Tymchenko, J. Lee, M. Belkin, A. Alù., Phys. Rev. B 92, 125429 (2015)


M. Tymchenko, J. S. Gomez-Diaz, M. Belkin, A. Alù., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 207403 (2015)

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0.0 5.0x10-4

1.0x10-3

1.5x10-3

2.0x10-3

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0.88 mW

W-2

0.74 mW W-2

1.61 m

W W

-2

2.21

mW

W-2

FF intensity squared (kW2 cm

-4)

SH

inte

nsity (W

cm-2)

RRR

LRR

SH

po

we

r (

W)

FF power squared (W2)

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 20 40 60 80

Chopper

ZnSelens

SP

PolarizerQWP

Metasurface

CO2 laser

QWP

θ

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 900

1

=10o

=15o

=20o

RC

P S

H o

utp

ut (a

.u.)

=24o

=30o

Angle (deg)

a b

c

d

e

1 µm

20

4 µm

xy

xz

xy

( , )x y Pt

Au

InP substrate

RCP

LCP2

RCP2

x

yz

0.0 5.0x10-4

1.0x10-3

1.5x10-3

2.0x10-3

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0.88 mW

W-2

0.74 mW W

-2

1.61 m

W W

-2

2.21

mW

W-2


-4)

SH

inte

nsity

(W c

m-2)

RRR

LRR

SH

po

we

r (

W)


0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 20 40 60 80

Chopper

ZnSelens

SP

PolarizerQWP

Metasurface

CO2 laser

QWP

θ

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 900

1

=10o

=15o

=20o

RC

P S

H o

utp

ut (a

.u.)

=24o

=30o

Angle (deg)

a b

c

d

e

1 µm

20

4 µm

xy

xz

xy

( , )x y Pt

Au

InP substrate

RCP

LCP2

RCP2

x

yz

0.0 5.0x10-4

1.0x10-3

1.5x10-3

2.0x10-3

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0.88 mW

W-2

0.74 mW W-2

1.61 m

W W

-2

2.21

mW

W-2


-4)

SH

inte

nsity (W

cm-2)

RRR

LRR

SH

po

we

r (

W)


0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 20 40 60 80

Chopper

ZnSelens

SP

PolarizerQWP

Metasurface

CO2 laser

QWP

θ

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

-90 -60 -30 0 30 60 900

1

=10o

=15o

=20o

RC

P S

H o

utp

ut (a

.u.)

=24o

=30o

Angle (deg)

a b

c

d

e

1 µm

20

4 µm

xy

xz

xy

( , )x y Pt

Au

InP substrate

RCP

LCP2

RCP2

x

yz

J. Lee, N. Nookala, J. S. Gomez-Diaz, M. Tymchenko, F. Demmerle, G. Boehm, K. Lai, G. Shvets, M. C. Amann, A. Alù, and M. A. Belkin., Optica 3, 283 (2016)


/ x

Y. Hadad, D. Sounas, and A. Alù, Phys. Rev. B 92, 100304R (2015)A. Shaltout, A. Kildishev, V. Shalaev, Opt. Mat. Expr. 5, 2459 (2015)

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Reciprocity: symmetry in transmission for opposite propagation directions

Duplexers

Rx

Tx

A

B

A

B

𝑇BA = 𝑇AB

Isolators

IBM


Static Magnets Difficult to integrate

Bi, Nature Photon. 5, 758

Weak Effect → Massive Devices

Lorentz reciprocity theorem

ම𝐉1 ⋅ 𝐄2𝑑𝑉 =ම𝐉2 ⋅ 𝐄1𝑑𝑉

Ӗ𝜀 = Ӗ𝜀T

Ӗ𝜇 = Ӗ𝜇T

Linear materials

Time-invariant materials

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Lira, PRL 109, 033901 (2012)

Qin, IEEE TAP 62, 2260 (2014)

Sounas, Nature Commun. 4, 2407 (2013)D. L. Sounas, ACS Photonics 1, 198 (2014)Fleury, Science 343, 516 (2014)Estep, Nature Phys. 10, 923 (2014)

Ӗ𝜀 = Ӗ𝜀T

Ӗ𝜇 = Ӗ𝜇T

Linear materials



R. Fleury, D. L. Sounas, C. Sieck, M. Haberman, A. Alù, Science 343, 516 (2014)

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0.65 /v m s0 /v m s

0

1

0

1

ωr

Δω

ωr+5Δωωr-5Δω ωr ωr+5Δωωr-5Δω


4105 !

~ 7,000

m

Q

1mQ

D. L. Sounas, A. Alù, ACS Photonics 1, 198 (2014)

( , ) cos( )m m mt t L

mL

1

m

1

m

|

|

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~ 70

N. A. Estep*, D. L. Sounas*, J. Soric, and A. Alù, Nature Phys., 10, 923 (2014)


Lattice Unit Cell

A

B

A. Khanikaev, R. Fleury, H. Mousavi, and A. Alù, Nat. Comm. 6, 8260 (2015)

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m

0

p

min

max

0

input input

output output

R. Fleury, A.B. Khanikaev and A. Alù,, Nature Communications, 7, 11744 (2016)


R. Fleury, A.B. Khanikaev and A. Alù,, Nature Communications, 7, 11744 (2016)

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Y. Hadad, J. C. Soric, and A. Alù, PNAS 113, 33471 (2016)


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D. Correas-Serrano, J. S. Gomez-Diaz, D. L. Sounas, Y. Hadad, A. Alvarez-Melcon, and A. Alù, IEEE AWPL (2016)


𝑬𝒛, 𝒇𝟎

𝑬𝒛, 𝒇𝟎 − 𝒇𝒎

Tx Rx

Rx Angle

𝜃(deg)

𝑬𝒛𝒊,𝟑𝟎∘ , 𝒇𝟎 − 𝒇𝒎

𝑬𝒛, 𝒇𝟎 − 𝟐𝒇𝒎∀𝑓

𝑬𝒛𝒊,𝟏𝟓∘ , 𝒇𝟎 − 𝒇𝒎

𝑬𝒛, 𝒇𝟎 − 𝟐𝒇𝒎

Non-reciprocity is two fold

• Radiation diagram in Tx - Rx

• Frequency conversion in far field – surface wave coupling

44

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2E

Non-linear medium

1E

Non-linear medium

inP inP1 2

2(3)

NL E

Chi-3 non-linearity

P. Saboo, J. Joseph, Appl. Opt. 52, 8252–8257 (2013)L. Fan, et al., Opt. Lett. 38, 1259–1261 (2013)

Y. Shi, Z. Yu, S. Fan, Nature Photon. 9, 388–392 (2015)A. M. Mahmoud, A. Davoyan, N. Engheta, Nature Comm. 6, 8359 (2015)

Ӗ𝜀 = Ӗ𝜀T

Ӗ𝜇 = Ӗ𝜇T

Linear materials



Frequency

Tran

smis

sio

n

𝜀𝑁𝐿 = 𝜀 + 𝜒(3) 𝑬 2

Δ𝜔 = −𝜔0

Δ𝜀 𝐄02𝑑𝑉

𝜀 𝐄02𝑑𝑉

𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑐𝐄1, Δ𝜀1

𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑐𝐄2, Δ𝜀2

𝜅 =𝐄2

2

𝐄12> 1

Δ𝜔1

Δ𝜔2

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D. L. Sounas, J. Soric, and A. Alù, in preparation (2016)

L2 L2


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Hard physical bound on bandwidth and scattering reduction, valid for any passive and causal cloaking scheme.

Ideal transformation-optics cloaks

Reduced transformation-optics cloaks

D. Schurig, et al., Science 314, 977 (2006)

W. Cai, et al., Nat. Photon. 1, 224 (2007)

Plasmonic cloaksMantle cloaks

A. Alù, N. Engheta, Phys. Rev. E 78, 045602R (2008)

Active cloaks?

F. Monticone, A. Alù, Optica 3, 718 (2016)


0

s

0

s 0

left side

right

cos ,Re{ }

cos ,

1

side

Im1

2{ }

( )

YY

Y

k d a kY Y

a

Only passive Passive + active

Absorber “Laser”

D. L. Sounas, R. Fleury, and A. Alù, Phys. Rev. Appl. 4, 014005 (2015)

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Natural states

𝑒−𝑖𝜔𝑡

D. L. Sounas, R. Fleury, A. Alù, IEEE JSTQE 22, 5000809 (2016)


non-Foster

non-Foster

R. Fleury, D. L. Sounas, and A. Alù, Nat. Commun. 6, 5905 (2015)

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Exp.Th.

R. Fleury, D. L. Sounas, and A. Alù, Nat. Commun. 6, 5905 (2015)


phase advance

22S

11S

0/R Z

0 2 4 6

21S

Re S

Im S

2

0

2 2

jx

jx jx

eS

e e

port 1 port 20 0,Z k

0x k d02Z 02Z

R R

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0 cos

2

Z 0 cos

2

Z

R. Fleury, D. Sounas, and A. Alù, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 023903 (2014)

F. Monticone, C. Valagiannopoulos, A. Alù, J. Opt. 18, 044028 (2015); Phys. Rev. X in press (2016)


Magnetic-free, linear nonreciprocity at the subwavelength scale: angular-momentum biased

meta-atoms

Loss-free negative refraction and planar focusing , ideal cloaking, invisible sensors

based on active and PT metasurfaces

Giant nonlinearities in hybrid metasurfaces

Nonlinearity and asymmetry to build optimal isolators and non-reciprocal

devices

Documents

Broadband Circular Polarizers using Plasmonic Metasurfaces · 2016-10-04 · Andrea Alù Credits to: Dimitrios Sounas, Romain Fleury (now at EPFL), Yakir Hadad, Jason Soric, Nasim