BROADBAND SERVICES

MAHANAGAR TELEPHONE NIGAM LTD.(Corporate Office – IT Dept.)

MINTO ROAD, NEW DELHI

Submitted by:NEHA TYAGI

Student of:-Hindustan Institute of Technology

Greater Noida, UPB.Tech (CSE), 4th Year

ABOUT BROADBAND

Broadband in data can refer to broadband networks or broadband Internet so that data transmission over a fiber optic cable would be referred to as broadband. Broadband in data communications is frequently used in a more technical sense to refer to data transmission where multiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to increase the effective rate of transmission, regardless of data signaling rate

Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just broadband, is high data rate Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access over a 56k modem.

Dial-up modems are limited to a bit rate of less than 56 kbit/s (kilobits per second) and require the full use of a telephone line—whereas broadband technologies supply more than double this rate and generally without disrupting telephone use.

Broadband is often called "high-speed" Internet, because it usually has a high rate of data transmission. In general, any connection to the customer of 256 kbit/s (0.256 Mbit/s) or greater is more concisely considered broadband Internet.

The standard broadband technologies in most areas are DSL and cable modems. Newer technologies in use include VDSL and ADSL pushing optical fiber connections closer to the subscriber in both telephone and cable plants.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR BROADBAND SET UP

S.No Item

HARDWARE1.0 BRAS 1.1 BBRAS Hardware1.2 BBRAS Software

(Base SW for all services & Interfaces.)

1.3 BBRAS SW licenses – PPPoE users DHCP users L2 TP/ VPN users

1.4 BBRAS eMS Hardware1.5 BBRAS eMS Software

(Licensed for – 5 clients/ users(all BRASs) Unlimited customers)

2.0 IP DSLAM2.1 IP DSLAM – 1920 Ports – Hardware2.2 IP DSLAM – 960 Ports – Hardware2.3 IP DSLAM – 480 Ports – Hardware2.4 IP DSLAM – 240 Ports – Hardware

2.5 IP DSLAM – 1920 Ports – Software2.6 IP DSLAM – 960 Ports – Software 2.7 IP DSLAM – 480 Ports – Software2.8 IP DSLAM – 240 Ports – Software2.9 DSLAM eMS Hardware2.10 DSLAM eMS Software DSLAM eMS SW should be licensed for-

150 users/clients Unlimited subs.

2.11 SFP modules for DSLAM GE ports/ interfaces2.11.1 SX (850 nm) 2.11.2 LX (1310 nm)2.11.3 LH (1550 nm)

3.0 NOC Switch3.1 NOC Switch Hardware3.2 NOC Switch Software

4.0 NOC switch eMS 4.1 NOC switch eMS Hardware 4.2 NOC switch eMS Software

5.0 Radius / AAA 5.1 Radius / AAA HW 5.2 Radius / AAA SW (Base SW) 5.3 Radius / AAA licences

6.0 LDAP6.2 LDAP Hardware 6.3 LDAP Software (Base SW)6.4 LDAP SW Licences 7.1 SAN Switch Mgt. Software

8.0 NOC Workstations(eMS clients)

9.0 Printers10.0 Laptops

11.0 Installation Material11.1 10 meter Patch Chord (Pair) with Connectors for SMF Cable.11.2 25 meter Patch Chord (Pair) with connectors for SMF Cable.11.3 10 meter Patch Chord (Pair) with Connectors for MMF Cable.11.4 25 meter Patch Chord (Pair) with connectors for MMF Cable.11.5 Multi Mode Armure Fibre Câble (24Fibre)11.6 Multi Mode Armure Fibre Câble (12Fibre)11.7 Power Cable between DSLAM and DCDB @ 20mts per DSLAM for -11.7.1 1920 port DSLAMs11.7.2 960 port DSLAMs11.7.3 480 port DSLAMs11.7.4 240 port DSLAMs11.7.5 96 port DSLAMs11.8 DC Cable between DCDB and Power Plant @ 40 mts per site & suitable to carry the

load of-11.8.1 9600 DSLAM ports11.8.2 4800 DSLAM ports11.8.3 1920 DSLAM ports11.8.4 960 DSLAM ports11.9 DCDB for terminating power to DSLAMs aggregating to-11.9.1 9600 DSLAM ports 11.9.2 4800 DSLAM ports10.9.3 1920 DSLAM ports11.9.4 960 DSLAM ports

11.10 MDF with Verticals, Horizontals, Nut bolts, Fittings & fixtures,Supports etc complete

11.11 PVC Cable for terminating DSLAMs at MDF11.11.1 100 Pair11.11.2 50 Pair11.11.3 32 Pair11.12 Jumper Wire11.13 MDF TAG Block11.13.1 128 ports MDF Tag Blocks11.13.2 100 port MDF Tag Block11.14 Cable Tray with fittings/ fixtures and supports, aprox.1 Feet width and suitable load

bearing capacity @ 8 mts per site11.15 Power Cable for BRAS @ 50mts per BRAS11.16 DCDB per BRAS site11.17 AC Power Cabling for NOC Servers and terminals along with ACDB 11.18 19” / ETSI Racks 11.19 Structured Cabling (with patch cords, patch cables, cable managers, CAT-5e cable

etc. complete as required)11.20 ODF

SERVICES OFFERED BY MTNL BROADBAND NETWORK

The following services is being offered by MTNL to customers using Broadband network:

(i) High Speed Internet Access both pre-paid & post paid(ii) Access to Layer 3 VPN Services(iii) L2 VPN Services(iv) Dial VPN services(v) Voice and video over IP(vi) Video Conferencing(vii) Gaming (viii) Video Broadcast (multicast)(ix) Video on Demand (unicast)(x) Storage – Backup and Restoration Service(xi) Differentiated priority access service as following:

a) Separate priority per customer.b) Priority per customer via mechanism like

Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) c) Range of queue depths configurable for

differentiated priority.d) Application Recognition and priority for

separate applications for one customer also configurable.

(xii) The Differentiated Services model shall be implemented in compliance with RFC 2474, RFC 2597, RFC 2598 and RCF 3140.

(xiii) Differentiated bandwidth access service as following:

a) Separate bandwidth per customer.b) Dedicated bandwidth per customer via

committed access rates, which are definable. Following shall be supported: Committed Information Rate (CIR), Peak Information Rate

(PIR), Committed Burst Size (CBS), and Maximum Burst Size (MBS).

c) Range of configurable rates from kbps to Mbps (depending on the access mechanism allowances)

Thus, Broadband refers to telecommunication that provides multiple channels of data over a single communications medium, typically using some form of frequency or wave division multiplexing.

 Broadband access is a vehicle that allows the delivery of an entirely new breed of media services and communications-oriented applications. In the long run, it is these new services and applications that will differentiate broadband from dial-up Internet access and give consumers a reason for subscribing to broadband. Audio and video are the obvious cornerstones of this coming high-speed revolution. Speedy connections coupled with always-on access will improve the consumer multimedia experience and change the types of business models that are viable in the interactive marketplace.

Broadband Access for Consumers is either through DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines) or via cable modem.

1. DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE ( DSL):

 DSL is a technology for bringing high-speed and high-bandwidth, which is directly proportional to the amount of data transmitted or received per unit time, information to homes and small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines already installed in hundreds of millions of homes and businesses worldwide. With DSL, consumers and businesses take advantage of having a dedicated, always-on connection to the Internet.

There are currently at least six different types of DSL. They are Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)

Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL) ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL) High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) Very high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) Rate-Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL)

Each one has different technical ranges, capabilities, and limitations. MTNL is currently using ADSL2+ and VDSL.

ARCHITECTURE OF DSL NETWORK

2. CABLE MODEM ( CM)

Cable modems (CM) are designed to operate over cable TV lines to provide high-speed access to the Web or corporate Intranets. A power splitter and a new cable are usually required. The splitter divides the signal for the "old" installations and the new segment that connects the cable modem. No television sets are accepted on the new string that goes to the cable modem.

         There are three types of CM: external modem, internal modem, and interactive set-top cable box. A number of different cable modem configurations are possible. Over time more systems will arrive.

 Cable modem services offer shared bandwidth between your and your neighbors. Your speed will vary with how many people are on the cable modem network, which may be a disadvantage

DETAILES OF ALL COMPONENTS

USED IN

BROADBAND NETWORK

Broadband Network Operating Centre

1. IPDSLAM (IP based DSL ACCESS MULTIPLEXER):

A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer allows telephone lines to make faster connections to the Internet. It is a network device, located in the telephone exchanges of the service providers, that connects multiple customer Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL’s) to a high-speed Internet backbone line using multiplexing techniques.[1] By placing remote DSLAMs at locations remote to the telephone exchange, telephone companies provide DSL service to locations previously beyond effective range.

Siemens DSLAM SURPASS hiX 5625

Basic Structure of DSLAM

1 ECN has 24 ports which is used to connect to the 24 EDN’s.

1 EDN has 12 ports which is used to connect 12 customers so

in total 24x12 customers

Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

A Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) allows telephone lines to make faster connections to the Internet. It is a network device, located in the telephony exchanges of the service providers, that connects multiple customer Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL’s) to a high-speed Internet backbone line using multiplexing techniques. By placing remote DSLAMs at locations remote to the telephone company central office(CO), telephone companies provide DSL service to locations previously beyond effective range. Types of Path taken by data to DSLAM

Residential/commercial source: DSL modem plugged into the customer's computer.

Local loop: the telephone company wires from a customer to the telephone company's central office, often called the "last mile".

DSLAM : a device for DSL service. Sending on the customer or downstream side, it intermixes voice traffic and VDSL traffic on the customer's DSL line. Receiving on that side, it accepts and separates outgoing phone and data signals from the customer. It directs the data signals upstream to the appropriate carrier's network, and the phone signals to the voice switch.

Role of the DSLAM

The DSLAM equipment at the telephone company (telco)

collects the data from its many modem ports and aggregates their voice and data traffic into one complex composite "signal" via multiplexing. Depending on its device architecture and setup, a DSLAM aggregates the DSL lines over its Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), frame relay, and/or Internet Protocol network (i.e., an IP-DSLAM using PTM-TC [Packet Transfer Mode - Transmission Convergence]) protocol(s) stack.

The aggregated traffic is then directed to a Telco’s backbone switch, via an access network (AN) also called a Network Service Provider (NSP) at up to 10 Gbit/s data rates on the Internet backbone.

In terms of the OSI 7-Layer Model, the DSLAM acts like a massive network switch since its functionality is purely Layer 2. Therefore it cannot re-route traffic between multiple IP networks, only between ISP devices and end-user connection points. Customer Premises Equipment that interfaces well with the DSLAM to which it is connected may take advantage of enhanced telephone voice and data line signaling features and the bandwidth monitoring and compensation capabilities it supports.

A DSLAM may or may not be located in the telephone company's central office, and may also serve multiple data and voice customers within a neighborhood Serving AreaInterface (SAI), sometimes in conjunction with a digital loop carrier. DSLAMs are also used by hotels, lodges, residential neighborhoods, and other businesses operating their own private telephone exchange.

In addition to being a data switch and multiplexer, a DSLAM is also a large collection of modems. Each modem on the aggregation card communicates with a single subscriber's DSL modem. This modem functionality is integrated into the DSLAM itself instead of being done via an external device like a traditional computer modem. Like traditional voice-band modems, a DSLAMs integrated DSL modems usually have the ability to probe the line and to adjust themselves To electronically or digitally compensate for forward echoes and other bandwidth-limiting factors in order to move data at the maximum connection rate capability of the subscriber's physical line. This compensation capability also takes

advantage of the better performance of "balanced line" DSL connections, providing capabilities for LAN segments longer than physically-similar unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Ethernet connections, since the balanced line type is generally required for its hardware to function correctly. This is due to the nominal line impedance (measured in Ohms but comprising both resistance and inductance) of balanced lines being somewhat lower than that of UTP, thus supporting 'weaker' signals.

IP DSLAM is an integrated hardware and software system that allows the user to access Broadband services as well as originate and receive telephone (PSTN) calls over the same

single pair of copper wire simultaneously.

Sl. No.

IPDSLAM Type Power & Control Cards Redundancy

1 1920 ports Both

1 960 ports Both

2 480 ports Both

3 240 ports Both

3 96 ports Both

TYPES OF DSLAM

A 1152 ports

B 576 ports

C 288 ports

D 48 ports

48 PORT DSLAM

Each DSLAM has two elements(i) ECN( ETHERNET CONTROLLER NODE)(ii) EDN( ETHERNET DSL ACCESS NODE)

In a DSLAM there are 2 ECNs in which one is active and other is stand by. Each ECN has 24 EDN, and each EDN has 12 subscriber. Thus, there will be 24*12 subscribers in total.

2. BBRAS (BROADBAND REMOTE ACCESS CONTROLLER):

The BRAS provides L3 termination for broadband connections. It terminates a range of connections as well as provide

wholesale access using both LNS/LAC and VRF based termination services.

BBRAS provides (i) Policy Management(ii) Filtering(iii) Performance monitoring functionality managed by the

SSSS/ SSSC or Policy control system.

BBRAS has SRP CARD used as processor controller. GE (Gigabit Ethernet) CARD is used in BBRAS for connectivity

purposes.

Protocols: The BBRAS provides PPP session limiting per port or Virtual Router depending upon the mechanism used in the BBRAS.

3. Interface Requirement:

Line Interface (towards Subscriber Unit): The IP DSLM support different subscriber’s access speeds from 128 Kbps to 24Mbps on G.992.1, G.992.3 and G.992.5.

IP DSLAM should support the standards on all ports. The ports on the same line card should be able to support above different standards simultaneously. It shall be possible to configure speed as per the requirement.

The IP DSLAM should support control, power & link redundancy. Power, control card and link redundancy shall be provided in all the types of IPDSLAMs.

The IP DSLAM shall be capable of supporting FE interface in addition to DSL ports for direct Ethernet connectivity to subscribers.

IPDSAM should support CBR, VBR-rt, VBR-nrt, UBR PVC

types towards Customer end and also support the following QOS on per port basis towards Network side:

Queuing based on IEEE. 802.1p bit Queuing based on VLAN ID. Traffic policing per port."

Up to 8 PVCs per DSL port shall be supported. Should support IP Multicasting on all ports.

3. Splitters:

Splitter are used for filtering of data. The IP DSLAM is capable of filtering L2 traffic configurable on per Port/ PVC/ Service. Following additional filtering requirement shall also be supported:

i) IP Port Number

ii) Protection from ARP spoofing attacks

iii) Filters to block IGMP groups should be supported, Filter list should allow individual blocking of Multicast Groups.

4. EMS ( Element Management Systems ):

The Element Management Systems provides for a centralized view of the entire network. These EMSs provide standard, northbound interface (SNMP, Java API, CORBA API, and XML API) to communicate with NMS/PMS.

Functionalities of EMS: Configuration Management Provisioning management Fault Management Performance data collection utilization of resources

Service Delivery and Service Security Management Assurance

5. LAN SWITCH AT NOC:

LAN Switch to provide connectivity to different NOC components shall be a Middle range LAN switch. The LAN Switch shall have redundant control cards and power supply and shall be powered from DC power supply of nominal -48 Volts DC with a variation of -40 to 60 V DC.

6. RADIUS/AAA:

The RADIUS shall generate CDRs for the billing System. The CDR's shall be formatted as per the requirements of Convergent Billing system of MTNL. The CDRs shall contain at least the following information:

The calling IP address. Start Time and Date. End Time and Date. Volume of data transmitted with incoming and outgoing

separately Port type. Calling Port details Calling Port type Calling user name Calling station id Called Station id Service Type Call Terminate Cause Call duration Input data transferred (Octets / Bytes / Gigabytes) Output data in transferred (Octets/Bytes/Gigabytes) Protocol Type Session type

Functions of RADIUS:

(i) Real time data collection(ii) Specialized data processing(iii) Support Pass through authentication for data sources

including:

(a) SQL databases including Oracle(b) LDAP (not limited to user name / passwords)(c) ODBC or JDBC compliant databases.(d) Other RADIUS server

7. Servers specifications : Servers being procured are classified in two (2) categories which require servers of different architecture as following:

o Back-end Servers. ( AAA/Radius, LDAP )o Security and Management Servers. ( eMS servers )

CONCLUSION

MTNL provides broadband services under Brand name Tri

Band.

Tri Band means three components

1. Phone (Voice)

2. Internet (Data)

3. IPTV (Video)

The broadband services are being provided on the existing

copper infrastructure, initially Broadband Internet Service, other services such as VPN, multicasting, video conferencing, video- on-demand and broadcast application shall also be added in future.