Broadening the Genepool for Forage and Turf Grass Breeding - … · 2019-04-01 · IFTBC 2019 | 1,3 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics, Germany 2 Agroscope, Fodder Crop Breeding,

IFTBC 2019 | 1,3 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics, Germany2 Agroscope, Fodder Crop Breeding, Switzerland TEN

Broadening the Genepool for Forage and Turf Grass Breeding

- New Collections of Lolium and Festuca spp. -

E. Willner1, S. Bachmann-Pfabe1, A. Roschanski1, B. Boller2, J. Fuchs3, K.J. Dehmer1

Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research

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German Federal Ex situ Genebank

Oil and Fodder CropsCollection (SÖF)

Gross Luesewitz PotatoCollections (GLKS)

151,200 accessions2,933 species

776 genera

The Federal Ex situ Gene BankConserving – Exploring - Exploiting

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2,516

10,472

1,312

Grasses(Forage, Turf)

Cruciferous plants(Oil plants)

Legumes(Red clover, alfalfa)

total: 14,300 accessionsGenus No

Agrostis 347

Alopecurus 116

Arrhenatherum 101

Dactylis 1,907

Festuca 2,137

Lolium 3,552

Phleum 1,093

Poa 1,127

Others 169Status: 07.06.2017

Oil and Fodder Crops Collections (SÖF)

Mean temp. = 9.4 °CAv. precipitation = 584 mm

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1) Collection2) Maintenance3) Characterisation4) Evaluation5) Documentation

Oil and Fodder Crops Collections - Tasks

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GrassLandscape project - New collections of perennial ryegrass ecotypes

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GrassLandscape project 2015-2017

• Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change (FACCE-JPI)

• ERA-NET+ call Climate Smart Agriculture: Adaptation of agricultural systems in Europe”

A. M. Roschanski

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GrassLandscape project: Overall Goal and Work Packages

Natural Populations„In-situ trial“

LemnaTecPhenotyping

GenebankPopulations

Photos: A. M. Roschanski



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© AHDB

Flath et al. 2014

• Natural ryegrass populations collected across Europe: 41 populations from 10 different countries: Belgium (2), Estonia (1), France (11), Great Britain (8), Germany (10), Lithuania (2), Netherlands (1), Poland (1), Portugal (2), Serbia (3)

• 33 genotypes per population randomly cultivated for 3 years at Malchow/Poel

GrassLandscape project: new L. perenne collections in 2015

Table: Conditions at the site of origin

variable mean min max

Latitude [dec] 49.4876 41.8540 58.3539

Longitude [dec] 6.2016 -6.9758 23.4724

Altitude [m asl] 319 0 1200

Temp. [°C] 9.0 5.9 14.0

TCmo [°C] -2.0 -7.8 3.3

Precip. [mm] 837 531 1303

Pdmo [mm] 48.1 18.0 88.0Climatic variables from: http://www.worldclim.org/

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© AHDB

Flath et al. 2014

• Natural ryegrass populations collected across Europe: 41 populations from 10 different countries: Belgium (2), Estonia (1), France (11), Great Britain (8), Germany (10), Lithuania (2), Netherlands (1), Poland (1), Portugal (2), Serbia (3)

• 33 genotypes per population randomly cultivated for 3 years at Malchow/Poel

GrassLandscape project: In-situ trial

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GrassLandscape project: In-situ trial – traits studied

Trait 2015 2016 2017 2018Planting 24.09.Vigour1 13.11. 22.04. 02.06. 23.08. 17.10. 20.04. 15.08. 16.10. 22.11. 23.04.Winter damage1 02.03. 02.03. 19.03.Tussock size5 09.03. 07.06. 21.10. 10.03. 09.06. 07.09Herbo height5 04.04. 25.04. 18.07. 24.08.6 18.04. 17.05. 10.07. 16.10.Growth habit2 26.05.General diseases3 03.06. 08.08. 18.10. 04.09.Heading6 03.06. 17.05.Crown rust3 11.07. 23.08. 02.06.Black rust3 11.07. 08.08. 02.06.Mildew3 08.08. 02.06.Xanthomonas3 08.08. 02.06.Regrowth height5 13.06. 25.07. 01.09. 19.06. 25.07.Aftermath heading4 21.06.1 rating 1=weak to 9=strong, 2 rating 1=errect to 9=postrate, 3 rating 1=no infestation to 9=nearly dead, 4 rating 1 none – 9 all5 in cm, 6 days after first of April

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GrassLandscape project: In-situ trial – clustering

WID_2017.1, VIG_2018.1, WID_2018.1, VIG_2017.4, VIG_2017.3, HBC_2017.2, TUS_2017.3, DIS_2017.1, REG_2017.2, VIG_2017.2, HBC_2017.1, REG_2017.1, TUS_2017.2, XNT_2017.1, TUS_2017.1, VIG_2017.1, GWR_2017.1, HAE_2017.1, FEC_2017.1, RUC_2017.1,

traits studied in 2017 and 2018

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Year Trait Overall mean

Cluster 1 mean

Year Trait Overall mean

Cluster 1 mean

2017

WID_1 6.2 5.3

2017

REG_2 18.2 19.4TUS_1 20.1 23.7 DIS_1 3.9 3.8VIG_1 4.7 6.2 VIG_2 4.2 5.2HAE_1 47.7 52.4 TUS_3 23.9 29.0FEC_1 4.8 5.8 VIG_3 4.8 6.3RUC_1 1.8 1.7 HBC_2 22.9 25.6XNT_1 3.4 3.0 VIG_4 4.7 5.8TUS_2 21.8 25.1

2018

WID_1 5.5 5.3REG_1 19.7 20.2 VIG_1 4.1 4.9HBC_1 28.6 31.5

Table: Results of the traits studied in 2017 and 2018.

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DO

EH

INA

LTR

OC

PA

US

TAH

UE

HA

EH

UM

IB8

KA

MW

AL IB

6IB

3M

RC IB

4E

AS

LAQ

FRA

GLO

IB1

CH

AIB

7B

RE

VIN

IB2

BA

SG

UI

GE

NS

OL

KO

TK

AZ

IB5

TRA

ES

TW

RI

MA

RJU

LB

JND

RM

CA

M

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

Cluster Dendrogram

Hei

ght

WID_2017.1, VIG_2018.1, WID_2018.1, VIG_2017.4, VIG_2017.3, HBC_2017.2, TUS_2017.3, DIS_2017.1, REG_2017.2, VIG_2017.2, HBC_2017.1, REG_2017.1, TUS_2017.2, XNT_2017.1, TUS_2017.1, VIG_2017.1, GWR_2017.1, HAE_2017.1, FEC_2017.1, RUC_2017.1,

traits studied in 2017 and 2018

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GrassLandscape project: In-situ trial – WID_2016.1

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GrassLandscape project: In-situ trial – 25.04.2018

Photos: E. Willner

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Summary I

• New collections of L. perenne ecotypes across Europe

• Several populations identified which performed well under our climatic conditions: ninepopulations showed only moderate winter damage, strong vigour, a high amount of ear producing tillers, large plant height and tussock size

• Relation between plant performance and climatic conditions at the site of origin visibleduring the first experimental year - Winter damage after first winter well related togeographic coordinates and temperature at site of origin

• Compare variation between ryegrass populations stored in genebanks and newly collectedpopulations

• DNA extraction and GBS analysis to study genotypic diversity in the collection material

• Development of a database to provide all C+E+G data of the GLS project (ECP-GR Working Group ImprovLolium Col)

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New collections of F. pratensis subsp. apennina

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F. pratensis subsp. apennina collection – Why?

F. pratensis F. apenninaStebler 1905

F. apennina

F. pratensis

Stebler 1905

• Complement collection, increase diversity• Strong biomass development, in the Alps between

1,100 and 2,200 m a.s.l.• 4x allopolyploid member of the Festuca-Lolium

complex• Strict homologus chromosome pairing during

meiosis (Kopecký et al. 2016)• Morphologically similiar to F. pratensis, but:

• Some lemmas awned, awn length variable• Spikelets long, appear loose• Leaves yellowish light green, up to 10 mm wide• Tillers thicker, forms rhizomes

• 3x cytotypes also occur due to crossing of F. apennina x F. pratenis, infertile

Boller, B. 2019, Agroscope

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F. pratensis subsp. apennina collection trip

• 45 populations collected in 8 cantons in all 4 language regions of the Swiss Alps, 27 different pasture sites

• Between 1,256 and 2,065 m a.s.l.• As seed or clones

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F. pratensis subsp. apennina – seed multiplication

Accession Site Col. No Alt. Number coll. and ploidyTotal No. 3x % 3x

GR 13219 3 5/6 1551 51 19 37.3GR 13255 1 201 1540 20 2 10.0GR 13259 4 8 1680 85 18 21.2

GR 13261 5 10 1700 8 0 0.05 11 1650 28 11 60.7

GR 13262 5 12 1580 37 35 94.65 13 1540 21 2 9.5

GR 13266 6 16 1920 38 0 0.0GR 13267 6 17 1760 38 3 7.9GR 13270 7 20 1590 36 0 0.0GR 13274 10 24 1616 37 7 18.9GR 13276 11 26 1903 36 0 0.0GR 13277 12 27 1760 10 0 0.0GR 13280 15 30 1600 35 0 0.0GR 13281 16 31 1670 47 37 78.7GR 13284 19 34 1800 35 12 34.3GR 13285 20 35 1653 38 19 50.0GR 13290 23 40 1850 37 18 48.6

Tab.: Collection material (clones) in the seed multiplication in 2018

Isolation plots in rye

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F. pratensis subsp. apennina - biomass development*

* Results from multiplication trials, unreplicated, non-randomized; Biomass development: 1= weak to 9=strong

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F. pratensis subsp. apennina – disease susceptibility*

* Results from multiplication trials, unreplicated, non-randomized; Disease susceptibility: 1= weak to 9=strong

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* Results from multiplication trials, unreplicated, non-randomized; Disease susceptibility: 1= weak to 9=strong

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GR13259_3x_4x

GR13261_3x_4x

Photos: E. Willner

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Summary II

• New collections of F. pratensis subsp. apennina populations in Switzerland

• Grow well under low land and maritime climate conditions, bulky growth, strong biomassdevelopment

• 3x cytotypes outperform 4x cytotypes in terms of biomass development and diseaseresistance, 3x cytotypes highly competetive in Swiss alpine pastures

• Currently, F. apennina populations raised out of seeds are in the field multiplication, preliminary characterisation of the material

• Study occurence, distribution and characteristics of F. apennina, understand spreadingand survival of 4x and 3x cytotypes, provide high qualitiy seed stocks for users

• Evaluate possible usage of F. apennina as forage crop, feeding value

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Thank you for your attentionMany thanks to my colleagues:

Anna Roschanski (IPK) , Beat Boller (Agroscope), Evelin Willner andcolleagues of the IPK-SÖF station, J. Fuchs (IPK)Cooperation partner of the GLS-Project and the collectors

For more information:

Website: https://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/ | https://www.ipk-gatersleben.de/en/genebank/satellite-collections-north/oil-and-fodder-crop-collections-malchow-poel/

GBIS: https://gbis.ipk-gatersleben.de

Contact: [email protected], [email protected]

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• Frequent grassland species in temperate climates

• Important in forage production

• Etablishes rapidly, grows easily, achieves high yields,good feeding value for ruminants (Easton et al. 2011; Sampoux etal. 2011; McDonagh et al. 2016)

• Widely sown turf grass in temperate regions (Humphreys et al.2010; Sampoux et al. 2013)

• Forage types diploid (2n=14) or tetraploid (4n=28), turftypes diploid

• 168 varieties for forage usage and 124 varieties for turfusage in several maturity groups listed in national list(Bundessortenamt 2016)

Lolium perenne L. - Strenghs

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• Disease susceptablity:

– Susceptible to crown rust (Puccina coronate f. sp. lolii)

– Susceptible to stem rust (Puccina graminis f. sp.graminicola)

– Virus, leaf spot, mildew, nematodes

• Low persistance and winter hardiness

• Low tolerance to heat and drought

• Need better performance under low fertilizer input

• Increased waer tolerance, limited growth and thin leaves (turf)

www.lfl.bayern.de

Lolium perenne L. – Weakness

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F. pratensis subsp. apennina - occurence„Läger“

In Rumex and Deschampsia

„Foot of slope“

„Tall forb community“

Photos: E. Willner, B. Boller

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F. pratensis subsp. apennina - characterisation

Table 3: Average awn length and anther dehiscence of Festucapratensis subsp. apennina (3x, 4x) material observed inSwitzerland (Boller, B., 2018)

cytotype 3x 4x

awn length mmlongest awn perinflorescence

0.59 ± 0.42 1.23 ± 0.58

Number of plants per anther category

dehiscent 1 36

indehiscent 33 0

absent 1 0

4x F. apennina:- anthers dehiscent- longest awn > 1mm

3x F. apennina x F. pratensishybrid:- anthers indehiscent- awns absent or < 0.8 mm

Documents

Broadening the Genepool for Forage and Turf Grass Breeding - … · 2019-04-01 · IFTBC 2019 | 1,3 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics, Germany 2 Agroscope, Fodder Crop Breeding,