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BROADWATER FORESHORE
MANAGEMENT PLAN
ADOPTED OCTOBER 2005
Prepared by D&A McKenzie, Litoria Ecoservices
on behalf of the Shire of Busselton.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................3
1.1 BACKGROUND.......................................................................................................3
1.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN..................................3
1.3 THE STUDY AREA.................................................................................................4
1.4 LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK.....................................................4
1.5 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION......................................................................4
2. CURRENT STATE: BIOPHYSICAL FEATURES.........................................................5
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION, VESTING AND PURPOSE ................................................5
2.2 CLIMATE .................................................................................................................5
2.3 COASTAL PROCESSES .........................................................................................5
2.4 TOPOGRAPHY........................................................................................................7
2.5 GEOLOGY................................................................................................................7
2.6 HYDROLOGY..........................................................................................................7
2.7 NATIVE VEGETATION AND WEEDS.................................................................7
2.7.1 Peppermint Low Woodland .............................................................................8
2.7.2 Open Herbland .................................................................................................8
2.7.3 Coastal Shrubland ............................................................................................8
2.7.4 Sedgeland/ Grassland .....................................................................................12
2.8 NATIVE FAUNA AND FERAL ANIMALS.........................................................12
2.9 FIRE MANAGEMENT ..........................................................................................14
2.10 EROSION................................................................................................................14
3. CURRENT STATE: HUMAN USE ATTRIBUTES..........................................................17
3.1 INDIGENOUS HERITAGE ...................................................................................17
3.2 RECREATIONAL USE..........................................................................................17
3.3 FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE..............................................................18
3.3.1 Pedestrian and Bicycle Access ........................................................................18
3.3.2 Vehicle Access and Parking............................................................................19
3.3.3 Toilets, Picnic and Playground Facilities........................................................20
3.3.4 Rubbish and Dog Waste..................................................................................20
3.3.5 Signage and Lighting ......................................................................................21
4.0 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS ..............................................................24
4.1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................24
4.2 GUIDING PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................24
4.2.1 Conservation....................................................................................................24
4.2.2 Erosion ............................................................................................................25
4.2.3 Recreation........................................................................................................25
4.2.4 Social/ Community..........................................................................................26
4.3 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS ...............................................................................27
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................31
APPENDIX 1: VEGETATION CONDITION SCALE..........................................................32
APPENDIX 2: SPECIES LIST FOR EACH VEGETATION COMMUNITY......................33
APPENDIX 3: METHODS OF WEED CONTROL ..............................................................35
APPENDIX 4: ADDITIONAL NOTES RE MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS....36
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 2
APPENDIX 5: IMPLEMENTATION AND FUNDING SUGGESTIONS ...........................38
FIGURES:
Figure 1: Study Area
Figure 2: Vegetation Communities
Figure 3: Weed Map
Figure 4: Degraded and Revegetation Areas
Figure 5: Erosion Aspects
Figure 6: Access and Facilities
Figure 7: Access and Facilities Recommendations
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 3
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
In October 2001, the Shire of Busselton completed the Geographe Bay Foreshore
Management Plan1 providing an integrated coastal management strategy for Geographe Bay
and broad management direction for nine foreshore precincts within Geographe Bay,
including the Broadwater precinct.
In May 2004, following community concerns over vegetation removal and the impacts of
storm surges in the Broadwater area, Council resolved to prepare a detailed management plan
for the Broadwater foreshore addressing the effects of storm events, pedestrian and vehicular
access and revegetation. The planning process for the development of the Broadwater
Foreshore Management Plan (BFMP) involves:
1. Preparation of draft BFMP by consultants.
2. Draft BFMP reviewed by Shire of Busselton.
3. Public community consultation process using the draft as a foundation for the final
BFMP.
4. Final BFMP to be adopted and endorsed by Shire of Busselton.
1.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE MANAGEMENT PLAN
Litoria Ecoservices prepared the draft BFMP over a six-week period in May/ June 2005, in
conjunction with a Shire reference group (Environment, Engineering and Community
Development staff) and engaging a selection of stakeholders. The draft BFMP provides
detailed site information and management strategies for the area to supplement the broad
direction of the Geographe Bay Foreshore Management Plan. Development involved:
• assessment of the current physical and ecological state of the site including native
vegetation, weed burden, erosion and storm surge areas, pedestrian and vehicular access and
recreational usage;
• input from a selection of local residents, commercial operators and government agencies; and
• development of detailed, prioritised management recommendations for improving and
preserving the site values.
The purpose of this management plan is to identify management recommendations to
maintain and improve the key qualities of the foreshore site, namely:
• conservation values;
• erosion buffer function;
• recreation values; and
• social values.
The objectives are to:
1. maintain, preserve and enhance conservation values of the site;
2. improve the erosion buffering function of the foreshore (and so resilience to
storm events);
3. facilitate sustainable recreation; and 4. foster community ownership of and responsibility for the foreshore.
Limitations must be acknowledged in relation to the term and timing of the project (for
example, outside of peak recreational season and with evidence from only one storm event).
A detailed flora and fauna survey was not required. The consideration of engineering options
for erosion management was outside of the scope of the project brief.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 4
1.3 THE STUDY AREA
This management plan covers the Geographe Bay foreshore area between Harvest Road and
Alan Street, Broadwater (Figure 1). It is approximately 1.5 kilometres in length and varies in
width from approximately 25-75 metres for the western portion between Harvest Road and
Holgate Road, to approximately 150-300m for the eastern portion between Holgate Road and
Alan Street.
1.4 LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
A broad range of legislation and local and state policy apply to foreshore areas and the
following have been considered in the preparation of this plan:
• Wildlife Conservation Act (1950);
• Busselton District Town Planning Scheme No. 20 (1999);
• Shire of Busselton Bylaws relating to reserves and foreshores;
• Geographe Bay Foreshore Management Plan (2001);
• Coastal Planning and Management Manual (2003); and
• Shire of Busselton Community Infrastructure Division Technical Standards and
Specifications.
1.5 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
The development of the draft BFMP involved an initial stakeholder consultation component.
Local residents who had contacted the Shire in relation to the Broadwater foreshore were
contacted along with community groups, Indigenous Elders for the region, commercial
operators along the foreshore and relevant government agencies. In addition, input was
included from impromptu discussions with locals and visitors during site visits. All
respondents were in favour of supporting and enhancing the recreational, conservation, and
community values and addressing the erosion issues of the area. The majority were keen to be
involved in the actions.
The draft plan was advertised for public comment, and after consideration of the submissions
received, the revised plan was adopted by Council in October 2005.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 5
2. CURRENT STATE: BIOPHYSICAL FEATURES
2.1 SITE DESCRIPTION, VESTING AND PURPOSE
The Broadwater Foreshore area encompasses approximately 19ha of dunal and near coastal
vegetation bordered to the south by tourist accommodation complexes and residential
housing. Geographe Bay lies to the north and the site adjoins similar recreation reserves to
the east and west. The shoreline is punctuated by four man-made rock groynes installed in an
attempt to capture sand and promote accretion.
A dual cycle/ pedestrian pathway runs the length of the site which also includes two non-
vehicular boat ramps and five public car parks.
The area covers a number of reserves and areas including:
• Reserves 35762, 24483 and 41550 currently vested to the Shire of Busselton as C
Class Reserves for the purpose of Public Recreation.
• Reserve 22624 is reported to have been recently (November 2004) vested to the Shire
of Busselton as an A Class Reserve for the purpose of Parklands and Recreation.
• The undeveloped portion of the Brockman Cove Road Reserve (east of Norman Road)
which adjoins Reserve 22624.
• The plan also covers the “Foreshore Reserve” area north of all of these reserves
extending to the high water mark.
Figure 1 identifies the various Reserves and areas making up the study area.
2.2 CLIMATE
Located in Western Australia’s south-west, the area experiences a Mediterranean climate with
hot dry summers and cool wet winters. Busselton has an average annual rainfall of 817 mm
with 85% of this rain falling between May and October.
Geographe Bay generally experiences one tidal exchange per day with tidal movements
averaging 0.5m. The passage of low pressure systems and associated northerly winds through
the area in winter can generate storm surges with the ability to cause considerable erosion1.
Typically the area experiences five or six erosive storms each year2.
2.3 COASTAL PROCESSES
The Geographe Bay foreshore is a low energy but dynamic, sandy coastline in the lee of Cape
Naturaliste with a relatively unique northerly aspect1. A longshore drift from west to east
predominates along the Bay. The Geographe Bay coast experiences zones of accretion and
erosion with a trend towards accretion since 19413. “Sacrifice areas” downdrift of groynes are
identified as potential localised erosion problems2,3. Due to the normally low wave energy and
subsequent restricted sediment supply, recovery from erosion events can be slow3.
The seagrass meadows and sandbars just offshore are noted for their contribution to ‘bottom
resistance’ and a resultant reduction in wave impact on the foreshore4. In addition the dead
seagrass or wrack that accumulates on the shoreline with the winter storms serves to reduce
the wave impact on the foreshore.
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
6
Figure 1: Study Area
Broadwater Foreshore M
anagement Plan Date:June 2005
Plan Authors: Drew McKenzie and Alison McKenzie (Litoria Ecoservices)
Approximate Scale: 0 100m
Legend
Study area
Reserve boundary
Reserve 22624
Reserve 41550
Reserve 24483
Brockman Cove
Road Reserve
Harvest Road
HolgateRoad
Armstrong
Road
Norman Road
Alan Street
Reserve 35762
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 7
2.4 TOPOGRAPHY
The study area is characterised by low coastal dunes generally less than 3m. Between Alan
Street and Holgate Road the dunal system is relatively wide and characterised by a low
foredune ridge, followed by a wide (up to 100m) area of low dunes with intervening swales,
grading to the higher but still relatively low dune system which extends through to the
southern boundary of the site. Between Harvest and Holgate Roads the foredune has been
modified with a discontinuous rock “revetment” wall and the paved dual use pathway.
Through this portion of the site, the grading of the modified “foredune” into the higher dune is
compacted into a 15-50m width.
2.5 GEOLOGY
The study area lies within the southern portion of the Swan Coastal Plain, characterised by
low lying marine and fluvial sediments. The site is characterised by unconsolidated calcareous
sands of Holocene origin.
2.6 HYDROLOGY
The main hydrological feature of the site is the stormwater detention basin located at the end
of Holgate Road which receives stormwater from adjacent developments. This pond
overflows to the east through the swale which runs parallel to the foredune. There is no formal
outlet for this water to enter Geographe Bay, however, it is understood that during periods of
extended heavy rainfall it exits the site just west of Norman Road.
A drain runs northwards along the boundary of the study area from Alan Street to Geographe
Bay. It is understood that this drain carries stormwater from the streets and residences
surrounding and adjacent to Alan Street. The entrance of this drain to the Bay closes off
periodically (generally during the summer months) and generally has to be “opened up” by
Shire staff prior to the winter rains in order to avoid backing up of water in the drain into the
surrounding streets.
Minor stormwater flow occurs along and adjacent to the dual use path (DUP) between
Harvest and Holgate Roads and creates minor erosion at the points at which this water crosses
the modified foredune.
2.7 NATIVE VEGETATION AND WEEDS
The vegetation of the site has been categorised based on structural characteristics in
accordance with Specht5 and a condition assessment undertaken based on the Vegetation
Condition Scale of Keighery6 (supplied as Appendix 1). Four vegetation communities have
been identified and are closely related to the topography of the site. These are described
below (with weed species identified by a ‘*’) and shown in Figures 2 and 3. Areas of
particular degradation not consistent with the condition rating given for the entire community
are also identified, refer to Figure 4.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 8
2.7.1 Peppermint Low Woodland
This unit is characterised by a canopy of Peppermint (Agonis flexuosa) with a shrub layer
dominated by Basket Bush (Spyridium globulosum), Coastal Beard-heath (Leucopogon
parviflorus), Berry Saltbush (Rhagodia baccata subsp baccata) and Rigid Wattle (Acacia
cochlearis). Other common species include Coastal Sword-sedge (Lepidosperma gladiatum),
Shark’s Tooth Wattle (Acacia littorea), Native Rosemary (Olearia axillaris), Prickle Lilly
(Acanthocarpus preissii) and Native Wisteria (Hardenbergia comptoniana).
Common weed species of this unit include Couch* (Cynodon dactylon), Kikuyu*
(Pennisetum clandestinum), other lawn grasses, Soursob* (Oxalis pes-caprae), Oxalis
depressa*, Rose Pelargonium* (Pelargonium capitatum), Dune Onion Weed* (Trachyandra
divaricate) and Hare’s Tail Grass* (Lagurus ovatus). Bridal Creeper* (Asparagus
asparagoides) and Arum Lily* (Zantedeschia aethiopica) were scattered through parts of this
unit.
Whilst a number of weed species are present within this unit, most are limited to isolated
disturbed areas adjoining freehold land or alongside pathways or firebreaks. The weed species
rarely dominate, currently having minimal impact on the overall structural integrity of the
vegetation community. However, other disturbances to this community, primarily the
abundance of formal and informal pathways, vehicle tracks, firebreaks and encroachments of
turf or landscaping by adjoining landholders are impacting on the integrity of this unit.
Overall the unit was assessed as in very good condition but with isolated degraded areas.
2.7.2 Open Herbland
The foredune area, including the “foredune” built up around the rock revetment wall at the
western end of the site, has a sparse vegetative cover dominated by herbaceous weed species.
The dominant species of this unit varies along the length of the unit and include Sea Rocket*
(Cakile maritima), Dune Onion Weed*, Hairy Spinifex (Spinifex hirsutus), Marram Grass*
(Ammophila arenaria), Marine Couch (Sporobolus virginicus), Thick-leaved Fan-flower
(Scaevola crassifolia), Rose Pelargonium* and Sea Spurge* (Euphorbia paralias). Other
species occurring on the landward edge or protected portions of this unit include Rigid Wattle,
Knotted Club Rush (Isolepis nodosa), Coastal Sword-sedge, Berry Saltbush, Sea Spinach*
(Tetragonia decumbens) and Dune Cabbage* (Arctotheca populifolia). Occasional specimens
of Rottnest Teatree (Melaleuca lanceolata) and Peppermint are found in this unit.
The dominance of weed species within this unit is high and in some areas represents as much
as 90% of the vegetation cover. Erosion and poor foredune development through parts of the
site leads to frequent disturbance by storm surge events. This vegetation community was
assessed as degraded with completely degraded areas.
2.7.3 Coastal Shrubland
This unit is dominated by Rigid Wattle along with Shark’s Tooth Wattle, Basket Bush,
Coastal Sword-sedge, Berry Saltbush, Coastal Beard-heath, Prickle Lilly and Dodder Laurel
(Cassythia racemosa). This unit is punctuated with isolated specimens or small stands of
Peppermint (predominantly dead) and Rottnest Teatree.
Several weed species are present within this unit including Dune Onion Weed*, Rose
Pelaragonium*, Sea Rocket* and Sea Spinach*. Where this vegetation unit is buffered from
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
9
Legend
Pepperm
int Low W
oodland
Coastal Open Herbland
Closed Sedgeland
Coastal Shrubland
Figure 2: Vegetation Complexes
Broadwater Foreshore M
anagement Plan Date:June 2005
Plan Authors: Drew McKenzie and Alison McKenzie (Litoria Ecoservices)
Approximate Scale: 0 100m
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
10
Legend
Pepperm
int Low W
oodland
Coastal Open Herbland
Closed Sedgeland
Coastal Shrubland
Heavy infestations
Za
Aa
St
Sn
Td Za
IcAa
Lc
Za
Aa
Ll
Cm
Pc
Ep
Cd
Weed Notes
1.Hashed areas indicate areas of heavy infestation greater than that indicated
in the general notes for that vegetation community.
2. Lawn grasses (Cd, Kikuyu etc), Td, Ox, Hare’s Tail Grass and Pc are
scattered along path edges and disturbed open areas in Pepperm
int Low
Woodland.
3.Cm, Td, Pc, Ep, Ox and M
arram
Grass are common throughout the
ForeduneOpen Herbland.
4.Td, Pc, Cm and Ttare scattered throughout the coastal shrublandunit.
Weed Codes
AaAsparagus asparagoides
CdCynodon dactylon
Cm Cakilemaritima
EpEuphorbia paralias
Gm Galiummurale
IcIpomea cairicea
LlLeptospermum laevigatum
LcLupinus consentinii
Pc Pelargonium capitatum
SnSolanum nigrum
St Schinusterebinthifolia
Td Trachyandradivaricarta
TtTetragoniadecumbens
ZaZantedeshiaaethiopica
Gm
Lawn species
Figure 3: Weed Map
Broadwater Foreshore M
anagement Plan Date:June 2005
Plan Authors: Drew McKenzie and Alison McKenzie (Litoria Ecoservices)
Approximate Scale: 0 100m
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
11
Legend
Pepperm
int Low W
oodland
Coastal Open Herbland
Closed Sedgeland
Coastal Shrubland
Areas of particular degradation
Degraded area:
priority for
weed control and
follow up planting
Degraded area:
priority for
weed control and
follow up revegetation.
Area degraded by storm
surge
impacts and vegetation
removal/ disturbance: priority
for weed control and
follow up planting
Scattered degraded
areas with little to no
native vegetation:
priority for weed
control and follow up
planting
Area degraded from
saltw
ater incursions:
priority for weed
control following
foredune
development
Foredunevegetation
particularly degraded with
very low foredune
development:: priority for
brushing to promote sand
and wind blown seed
capture.
Degraded understorey:
consider understorey
revegetation
Degraded area:
requires revegetation
following weed control
Figure 4: Degraded and Revegetation Areas
Broadwater Foreshore M
anagement Plan Date:June 2005
Plan Authors: Drew McKenzie and Alison McKenzie (Litoria Ecoservices)
Approximate Scale: 0 100m
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 12
the disturbances of storm surges and salt laden winds by a developed foredune, the vegetation
condition is assessed as good. However, where a well developed foredune is lacking in front
of this unit, weed species co-dominate and native species such as Rigid Wattle make up less
of the total foliage projective cover and dead specimens of this species and Peppermint are
common. In such situations, the variety of native species is reduced and the vegetation
condition is assessed as degraded.
2.7.4 Sedgeland/ Grassland
This vegetation unit is associated with some of the lower swale areas behind the foredune in
the Holgate Road to Alan Street stretch of the site. It is dominated by Knotted Club Rush and
Marine Couch, with the introduced Pypgrass* (Ehrharta villosa) dominating portions of the
unit. Isolated stands or individuals of Rottnest Teatree, Peppermint and Rigid Wattle are
scattered through this unit.
Whilst a number of weed species are scattered through this unit including, Dune Onion
Weed*, Rose Pelaragonium*, Sea Rocket* and Sea Spurge*, the most significant disturbance
to this unit is the exposure to episodes of saltwater incursion due to storm surge. This has
killed off many of the Peppermints and to a lesser extent the Rigid Wattles. It is important to
note that the Peppermints that have died through this area were relatively young and probably
recent colonisers of the area. Overall the condition of this unit was assessed as good.
2.8 NATIVE FAUNA AND FERAL ANIMALS
It was beyond the scope of this project to conduct a detailed assessment of the fauna
inhabiting the site. However, opportunistic sightings of mammals, reptiles and birds were
made during the site assessment.
The Western Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) (WRT), or Nguara, is resident
within the site and a number were sighted during the site assessment. This species, once
widely distributed throughout the south-western forests of Western Australia is now almost
exclusively restricted to coastal areas of peppermint woodlands and peppermint/ tuart
associations between Bunbury and Albany. The species is now recognised and protected
under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act and the
Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act as Vulnerable (to extinction) and Threatened
(Schedule 1 – fauna that is rare or likely to become extinct) respectively. The fact that this
listed species is locally abundant within the study area is of conservation significance and
reinforces the importance of maintaining the good condition of the Peppermint Low
Woodland which forms the species’ primary habitat within coastal areas.
It should be noted that the WRT was not popular among some neighbouring residents due to
the smell, mess and noise problems associated with their numbers present on private land. In
general, however, most of the commercial tourist operators, although experiencing similar
maintenance issues associated with the WRT, saw the species’ presence as popular among
their customers and positive overall.
The Quenda or Southern Brown Bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) was reported by some
adjacent residents as occurring through the western half of the site and quite likely occurs
through the length of the site. Despite suffering a reduced range since the introduction of the
fox, this species is widespread on the coastal plain of the South-West. Although it is no
longer listed under Schedule 1 of the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act it is an
important record for the site.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 13
Rabbits were sighted on a number of occasions on turf or lawn areas of the site during the
field assessment. Although they do not currently appear to be significantly impacting on
native vegetation, the impact of their grazing is likely to hinder revegetation efforts (consider
protective measures). Control of rabbits in similar foreshore areas along Geographe Bay is
undertaken by the Shire using Pindone baiting7. Should monitoring identify increasing
population numbers or impacts on the site, baiting could be considered.
Foxes are identified to be present in many adjoining foreshore areas of Geographe Bay and
may utilise the site although no signs were recorded during the site assessment and long term
residents and tourism operators did not report any sightings. Foxes are identified as one of the
main predators of the Western Ringtail Possum and Quenda, however, the proximity of the
site to residential properties and the occurrence of domestic dogs using the area would make
conventional fox baiting measures problematic. Given the fact that the Western Ringtail
Possum population does not appear to be significantly affected by fox predation currently,
unless monitoring identifies dramatic increases in the population or their impact on the site,
their control is not seen as a priority. Residents should be encouraged to report fox sightings
in the area in order to ascertain if management is warranted. It is noted that feral and/or
wandering domestic cats may also utilise the site.
Three frog species, the Moaning Frog (Helioporus eyrie), Squelching Froglet (Crinia
insignifera) and Western Banjo Frog (Limnodynastes dorsalis) were recorded during the site
assessment, within the stormwater detention basin and the Alan Street drain. Note, however
that the number of species recorded for the site is limited by the seasonality of the assessment,
a lack of nocturnal surveying and the fact that the stormwater detention basin was recently
cleaned out by the Shire resulting in significant disturbance to the fringing vegetation and
resident frog populations in the short term. Given the source of water, the artificial nature of
the drain and detention basin feeding into both of the winter wet areas of the site, any
additional frog species occurring on site are likely to be generalist, relatively common species.
The only reptile species sighted during the assessment was the Bobtail Skink (Tiliqua
rugosa), however, locals reported frequent snake sightings including Tiger Snakes (Notechis
scutatus occidentalis) and Dugites (Pseudonaja affinis affinis). A broad range of other reptile
species are likely to utilise the site.
The following bird species were observed on site while undertaking the site assessment. Once
again this list is particularly limited and a longer term bird survey would expand this list
considerably.
Common Name Species Name Common Name Species Name
White Faced Heron Ardea novaehollandiae Splendid Fairy Wren Malurus slendens
Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa White-browed
Scrubwren
Sericornis frontalis
Osprey Pandion haliaetus Yellow-rumped
Thornbill
Acanthiza
chrysoptera
Silver Gull Larus novaehollandiae Silvereye Zosterops lateralis
Common Bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen
Grey Fantail Rhipidura fuliginosa Australian Raven Corvus coronoides
Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 14
2.9 FIRE MANAGEMENT
The Geographe Bay Foreshore Management Plan1 identifies fire as a risk through the
Broadwater precinct. Recent fires in the vicinity of Holgate Road (late 1999/ early 2000) and
50-60m in front of Sandy Bay Holiday Park (late 2004/ early 2005) were reported or evident.
Open beach fires were also reported as a frequent summer occurrence along the Holgate to
Harvest Roads stretch.
It was identified that Shire policy and practice does not support prescribed burns in foreshore
areas8 and this was supported by some of the stakeholders consulted due to the length of time
taken for vegetation to recover and the associated weed infestation. Authorised vehicle access
should be maintained throughout the site for emergency fire control.
Concerns were raised by some stakeholders with regard to the fire risk posed by the dead
Peppermints killed off by previous storm surge events. It is noted that some of these
Peppermints have already been removed. Given the location of the remaining trees and the
nature of the surrounding vegetation, these trees are not considered to significantly increase
the fire risk of the area. Further, the dead trees play a useful role in wind break protection and
dune and soil stabilisation. As such, removal is not recommended at this point in time. 2.10 EROSION
Figure 5 identifies erosion and storm surge issues. The rock revetment wall between Harvest
Road and Holgate Road has been effective in protecting this area from storm surge and
erosion south of the wall. However, where large gaps or low points in the rock wall exist,
subsequent storm surge and erosion have caused damage to the DUP and saltwater incursion
has seriously impacted vegetation south of the DUP.
Erosion damage and the impacts of storm surges are evident in the lee of the groynes at
Holgate Road (in particular) and Norman Road. The four rock groynes in the study area are
identified in the Geographe Bay Foreshore Management Plan1 and by stakeholders as
contributing significantly to the erosion problem. Coupled with or perhaps resulting from the
erosion evident in this section, is the lack of development of a significant foredune ridge
which could provide a valuable line of defence against coastal erosion and prevent the
frequent incursion of saltwater and disturbance to the vegetation communities behind the
foredune ridge.
The Department of Planning and Infrastructure (DPI) and the Shire of Busselton is currently
undertaking a significant study into the issue of erosion, in the form of the ‘Shoreline Scoping
Study Geographe Bay (Busselton)’. This study should shed light on the long term significance
of the erosion problems currently being experienced in parts of the site and provide direction
for the longer term management of the issue.
Preliminary advice9 received from the DPI and the Senior Coastal Engineer (Dr Bill Edwards)
undertaking the Study suggest that the area east from the Holgate Road groyne has actually
accreted over the long-term since 1941 and that significant erosion of the shoreline beyond
the 1941 vegetation line is not expected. Episodic (acute) erosion is a natural part of the
coastal processes through this area and as such, management should be tailored towards
tolerating minor annual sea inundations and fluctuations of the shoreline over time.
Human impacts contribute to erosion problems in the study area, including dune and
vegetation disturbance (via informal walk tracks to beach, jumping off fragile dunes and
disturbing sand build up around the revetment wall, driving vehicles over foredune and other
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 15
vegetation, cutting branches for views and breaking branches for fires). Seasonal fencing
and/or warning signs may be required when erosion creates significant dropoffs at usual
accessways. Infrastructure along the foreshore must be able to withstand the winter storms or
allowance for seasonal dismantling of infrastructure must be made.
Vegetation is identified as essential to the long term stability of the coastline.
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
16
Legend
Dual Use Path (DUP)
Storm
water infrastructure
Boulders form
ing functional revetm
ent wall Existing beach accessways
Interm
ittent or sunken boulders
Proposed beach accessways
Dune damage by people
Wider dune:
Reveg
•Install low pine
fencing. Reveg&
brush.
•DUP vulnerable
and damaged.
•Revegdunes.
•Repair low pine
fencing
Backfill and revege
revetm
ent rocks.
•Foredunevulnerable.
•Install low pine fencing.
•DUP vulnerable and
damaged
Extensive
erosion
occurring in
the lee of
groynes.
Foredune
scoured
Storm
surge
overtopping
foredunein
extreme weather
events
Figure 5: Erosion Aspects
Broadwater Foreshore M
anagement Plan Date:June 2005
Plan Authors: Drew McKenzie and Alison McKenzie (Litoria Ecoservices)
Approximate Scale: 0 100m
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 17
3. CURRENT STATE: HUMAN USE ATTRIBUTES
3.1 INDIGENOUS HERITAGE
A search of the Department of Indigenous Affairs Register of Aboriginal Sites highlights
many Aboriginal Heritage Sites in the Shire of Busselton, although none of the listed sites
were located in the Broadwater foreshore study area. Two Aboriginal Elders were consulted
as part of the initial stakeholder engagement, and both confirmed there were no specific sites
of significance known. However, the Geographe Bay foreshore area was used extensively by
Nyungar groups for camping and hunting, and evidence of this in the Broadwater foreshore
may be revealed if a survey was undertaken by Indigenous consultants.
While no major earthworks are proposed for the study area, if any digging works are to be
undertaken as part of future management, Indigenous representatives should be informed (as
per the State and Commonwealth Heritage Acts and the Native Title Act 1993).
Walking on site with one of the Aboriginal Elders, several stories were told. This highlighted
the potential for including Indigenous cultural material (with permission from the Elders) in
interpretive signage for the site (refer to Appendix 4).
3.2 RECREATIONAL USE
The study area encompasses reserves that are to be managed for the primary purpose of
recreation, with the area readily and frequently accessed by local residents, from both north
and south of the Bussell Highway (note the population increases with new developments is
only beginning to be experienced). In addition, recreation is of key importance for the tourism
enterprises adjacent to the foreshore.
The study area is utilised for:
• Walking, cycling and exercising
• Promenading
• Fishing
• Boating
• Dog exercise
• Swimming, snorkelling, kitesurfing, jetskiing and waterskiing, although the last two
activities are prohibited by the Department of Planning and Infrastructure.
• Beach activities
• Playground fun and picnics These uses are well catered for.
Nuisance activities include beach fires (generally burning local vegetation and brushings) and
associated litter, dune disturbance by bicycles, vehicles and tracks to cubbyhouses etc. Resorts
reported increasing incidence of non-guests accessing the foreshore through their properties
rather than via the public roads, easements and pathways. Stingers were reported to
accumulate between the Holgate and Norman Road groynes during summer.
Although summertime is the peak period for recreational use, locals and smaller numbers of
visitors recreate in the area year-round.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 18
3.3 FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE
3.3.1 Pedestrian and Bicycle Access
Pedestrian and bicycle access is facilitated by the dual use pathway (DUP) which runs the
entire east – west length of the study area. This path accommodates access by people with
disabilities and using mobility aids. It is popular with locals for exercising, socialising and
commuting and with visitors for appreciating Geographe Bay. For local commuters and
visitors, the DUP provides an access corridor through to Busselton’s town centre.
The DUP is a bitumen surface with maintenance required to address damage from rainwater
flows and dune instability. In particular, the section crossing Norman Road is loose gravel,
making the turns in this stretch hazardous for cyclists. The multi-use nature and popularity of
the DUP suggests directional and regulatory signage would be advantageous.
Figure 6 shows the formal beach access paths, including:
A1 End of Harvest Rd: sandy track from carpark. Wide enough for boat trolleys.
A2 Across DUP from Acacia Caravan Park: Boat ramp intended for pedestrian and manual boat
trolley (non-vehicular) access. Seasonally erected (from crushed limestone) and maintained
by Acacia Caravan Park under agreement with the Shire; open to the general public.
A3
North of DUP from Abbey Beach Resort: Timber walkway and steps (x 6) only recently
erected by the Shire. Concern raised whether the structure was adequately stabilised to cope
with storm surges.
A4
Across DUP from Amblin Caravan Park: Boat ramp erected (concrete, timber, rubber mats)
and maintained by Amblin Caravan Park. Arrangements unclear. Pedestrian access difficult
and potentially unsafe at present due to slope and condition of the ramp as well as narrowness
for dual use (boats and pedestrians).
A5
North of DUP from Geographe Bayview Resort: Timber viewing area and steps (x 12 – 18)
to beach.
A6
Proposed new beach access. Foot track exists from house at Geographe Bayview Resort to low pine fence at beach. Some
fencing is in place. Timber steps may be required in the future to accommodate the large and
predicted increasing volume of traffic from the Resort which has a large frontage to the
foreshore.
A7
Proposed new beach access.
Low pine fencing and/or timber steps required for beach access north of DUP to meet the
paved path from Broadwater Bungalows (south side of DUP), and so formalise and
consolidate existing tracks across the foredune.
A8 In front of Broadwater Resort: Concrete south of DUP, concrete north of DUP then sandy.
May need additional low pine fencing to support revegetation.
A9
End of Holgate Road, in front of Stilts Kiosk: Sandy track north of DUP, adequate low pine
fencing. Concrete south of DUP.
A10 Proposed new beach access. Allowing for fluctuations of the foredune in this area, steps should be considered to minimise
erosion from the DUP to the beach behind the groyne. Infrastructure should be seasonally
erected and removed as this area in the lee of the groyne is particularly dynamic.
A11 Bitumen path through Peppermints from Armstrong Road.
A12 Bitumen path (covered in sand at beach end) through Peppermints from easement.
A13 Bitumen path through Peppermints from easement.
A14 Alan St: formed path west of drain, to beach. Unfenced but no evidence of side tracks.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 19
Additional informal beach access is evident throughout the site, with more prominent sites
including in front of Geographe Bayview Resort and Broadwater Bungalows. Fencing
(including repair of existing fencing) and revegetation may reduce the erosion impacts and
disturbance caused by these tracks, along with formalising strategic additional pathways
(as noted above).
Amongst the wider stretch of the study area, to the east of Norman Road, there are several
tracks in addition to the DUP, both formal and informal. Informal foot and bicycle tracks
exist amongst the Peppermint Woodlands leading to the beach, to cubbyhouses and to bike
jumps/ circuits.
Low pine fencing lines much of the northern side of the DUP. This serves to discourage
people from disturbing the dunes and vegetation and in some places provides a safety
function, providing a barrier in front of the rock revetment wall and steeper sandbanks.
Several posts and rails are missing or damaged. Where fencing is intact and are closer
together they have been effective in restricting people traffic across vegetation or
susceptible dunes.
3.3.2 Vehicle Access and Parking
Provision for authorised vehicle access within the study area is necessary for emergencies
and fire management, as well as maintenance by Shire of Busselton staff, which includes
maintenance of toilets at Alan Street, litter removal, maintenance of access paths and the
DUP and clearing of drains.
Vehicle access within the study area was noted or reported:
• Along the west – east track between Norman Road and Alan Street (vehicles and
motorbikes). Access at Alan Street is gated but not at Norman Road. This track has
been useful for tending to fires in the past.
• To the northern end of Norman Road which ends out on the groyne.
• Onto the beach from the end of Norman Road, both to the east and west of the groyne
despite the placement of boulders to discourage this.
• Motorbikes along the DUP have caused disturbance and a safety risk to other users of
the path.
• Along the DUP around the boat ramps. These ramps are not intended for vehicle use,
rather trolley and trailer access only. However, it was reported that vehicle use is
common over summer with parking occurring on turfed areas of the dune system at
A4. This is considered an inappropriate use of the study area and poses a safety risk
for pedestrians using the ramps for beach access and using the DUP.
Five roads north off the Bussell Highway lead to accessways for the foreshore:
• Harvest Road: High and increasing use was reported particularly over summer with a
need for increased facilities identified. The carpark is situated in the foredune area
with the DUP crossing through the middle. Relocation should be considered if the
carpark is to be expanded.
• Holgate Road: 29 carpark spaces (including one designated for disabled users) service the foreshore, the playground and kiosk at Holgate Road Reserve, as well as the
Broadwater Beach Resort’s restaurant and bar which is open to the public. The carpark
is frequently full with vehicles parking on the curbside (and parking for events
reported as inadequate). ‘No parking’ signs line the length of Holgate Road.
• Norman Road: Currently Norman Road extends out onto the rock groyne within the
Bay. Fishermen, elderly people taking in the view from their vehicles, local workers
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 20
having lunch and others drive out and park here. The road base is usually covered in
sand and two-wheel-drive vehicles occasionally get bogged. Turning is restricted and a
cleared area in the foredune has been established off to the western side of the road to
accommodate parking and turning. During winter, sand build up and water flows
across the road create maintenance and safety issues.
Vehicle use is evident into the dune area to the east along the ungated track and also
onto the beach front possibly for the launching of boats. The DUP crosses Norman
Road and this section is hazardous for bikes, pedestrians and vehicles. While there is a
vehicle slowing device in place, the existing warning sign may be inadequate.
• Armstrong Road: Two tight carparking spaces exist at the end of Armstrong Road.
• Alan Street: A large carparking area exists at the end of Alan Street, adjacent to facilities. Authorised vehicle access is available.
3.3.3 Toilets, Picnic and Playground Facilities
One public amenities block (with one male and one female toilet) is located at Alan Street.
No other public amenities are available in the study area, with the next nearest facilities at
Abbey Boat Ramp on Geographe Bay Road, approximately 1.5 km west of Harvest Road.
Tourist operators reported use of their amenities by non-guests as a problem.
Picnic tables are provided by the Shire of Busselton at the Holgate Road Reserve.
Playground equipment is provided by the Shire of Busselton at Alan Street and at the
Holgate Road Reserve. The Holgate Road Reserve is very popular and in part is
maintained by the Broadwater Beach Resort. The Resort also maintains a sand volleyball
court in the Reserve. No shade shelters are provided and these could be considered for
future improvements. Fixed shade structures on the beach are considered inappropriate due
to the instability of the dune system.
3.3.4 Rubbish and Dog Waste
Rubbish bins are provided and maintained by the Shire of Busselton’s Parks and Gardens
staff, at Harvest Road, Holgate Road, Norman Road and Alan Street. Parks and Gardens
staff undertake litter removal and tourist operators are proactive in keeping the foreshore
adjacent to their properties litter-free.
Shire Bylaw 3.(i) relates to rubbish and litter on reserves and foreshores. Overall litter was
not apparent as a major issue and this was supported by several stakeholders. Hotspots of
litter that were noted during site visits in May and June 2005, include:
• In dunes near A2;
• Immediately east of the Holgate Road carpark.
Corresponding with permitted dog exercise areas and dog on-leash areas, dog waste bags
are provided at Harvest Road, at A9 near Holgate Road, Armstrong Road, Norman Road
and Alan Street. Used bags can be disposed of in rubbish bins which are located in the
vicinity. Locals reported the system as being effective for reducing dog waste on paths and
on the beach, although the supply of bags needed to be maintained more regularly.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 21
3.3.5 Signage and Lighting
Currently signs are scattered throughout the study area, ranging from regulations and
prohibited activities to commercial advertising and liability advices. Several of the signs
are old, faded or fallen over and as such are ineffective, an eyesore and hazardous.
Billboards facing the foreshore create visual pollution and may not be in line with the
Shire’s Foreshore and Reserves Bylaw 4.(g). A signage plan for the study area was
favoured by several users of the DUP and other stakeholders. This could encompass
directional information (including an orientation map), regulatory information and
interpretive information (refer to Appendix 4).
Locals reported confusion amongst non-locals, with a lot of vehicular traffic going up and
down streets looking for access ways etc. Installation of “Beach Access” signs at the
Bussell Highway may be a useful means of directing traffic to appropriate access paths and
facilities.
At present lighting along the DUP exists at or near A3, A4 and A5, provided and
maintained by the adjacent tourism operator. In view of the high use of the DUP on
summer evenings several of the tourist operators and locals suggested lighting the DUP.
Any consideration of lighting the DUP should be in a broader context, in view of the DUP
running through Broadwater and several other foreshore precincts. Cost and maintenance
issues, lightpole location in relation to the dynamic foreshore system, liability and safety
issues and other aspects would all need to be considered.
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
22
Legend
Dual Use Pathway
Beach access
Vehicle access and carparking
Proposed beach access
RRubbish Bins
DDog-tidy bags
TToilets
KKiosk
BBoat access (non-vehicular)
PPlayground
…….
Inform
al tracks
R DB
R
R
P
D
B
KT
DA1
A2
A3
A4
A9
A10
A11
A12
A5
A6
A7
A8
T
R
P
T1: Acacia Caravan Park
T2: Abbey Beach Resort
T3: Geographe Bayview Resort
T4: Amblin
Caravan Park
T5: Broadwater Beach Resort
T6: Broadwater Bungalows
T7: Geographe Bay Holiday Park
T8: Sandy Bay Holiday Park
T9: Stilts Kiosk
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T9
T8
D
A13
A14
Figure 6: Access and Facilities
Broadwater Foreshore M
anagement Plan Date:June 2005
Plan Authors: Drew McKenzie and Alison McKenzie (Litoria Ecoservices)
Approximate Scale: 0 100m
T7
B
D
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
23
Legend
Dual Use Pathway
Beach access
Vehicle access and carparking
Proposed beach access
RRubbish Bins
DDog-tidy bags
TToilets
KKiosk
BBoat access (non-vehicular)
PPlayground
…….
Inform
al tracks
R DB
R
R
P
D
B
KT
DA1
A2
A3
A4
A9
A10
A11
A12
A5
A6
A7
A8
T
R
P
D
A13
A14
Figure 7: Access and Facilities Recommendations
Broadwater Foreshore M
anagement Plan Date:June 2005
Plan Authors: Drew McKenzie and Alison McKenzie (Litoria Ecoservices)
Approximate Scale: 0 100m
B
D
Warning sign
for DUP traffic
Form
alise ramp
access
arrangement
Revegand fence
to restrict vehicle
access along
DUP
Revegand
brushing
Form
alise
beach access
Form
alise
beach access
Restrict
vehicle access
Repair DUP
Warning sign
for DUP traffic
Revegand
brushing
Surface track
to link to DUP
Raise end of
track to restrict
storm
surge
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 24
4.0 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Management recommendations have been developed based on the stated aim and objectives,
site assessment, literature reviews and stakeholder consultation, and then grouped according
to the four key qualities of the foreshore. They have been identified as high, medium or low
priority and many of the recommendations meet more than one of the four stated objectives.
Guiding principles provide the overarching framework for the specific management
recommendations.
4.2 GUIDING PRINCIPLES
4.2.1 Conservation
Weed Management
• Weed management should start in areas of good condition and work outwards towards
heavily infested/ degraded areas.
• Site and soil disturbance should be minimised as it promotes further weed growth.
• The rate of native plant regeneration should dictate the rate of weed removal.
• Weed management should focus on priority weeds with the greatest potential to degrade
the site and declared plants which the Shire has a legislative obligation to control.
• Recognise that preventing weeds entering the site is one of the most effective and
efficient methods of weed control.
• As a general rule, manual weed removal is preferred over chemical control.
• Recognise that weed species can have positive benefits on the site (eg foredune stabilisation).
• Recognise the vegetation disturbance occurring at the interface of the site with freehold land along the southern boundary via encroachment of structures, turf and landscaping
planting, a source of weeds and nutrient loading of the site through fertiliser use and
dumping of green waste.
• Recognise the impact of storm surge and saltwater inundation on vegetation and
consider this in vegetation and weed management, particularly in the eastern half of the
site where it is expected to continue as a natural coastal process.
Revegetation
• Natural regeneration is favoured over revegetation. However, some parts of the site are
sufficiently degraded to suggest that revegetation is appropriate.
• Revegetation should only utilise locally native species and where possible stock of local provenance. Species appropriate for revegetating the relevant zones are identified in
Appendix 2. It is noted that the Geographe Community Landcare Nursery can supply
native species of local provenance if pre-arranged and ordered.
• Revegetation will require the use of plant protection devices (ie tree bags), due to the presence of rabbits on site.
• Planting should be scheduled to coincide with winter rainfall in order to increase survival rates and minimise on-going maintenance.
• Recognising the impact of erosion and storm surge effects, some areas are considered
inappropriate for revegetation until these impacts can be addressed and the foredune
area stabilised.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 25
Fauna
• Recognise the significance of the presence of the listed Western Ringtail Possum within
the study site and the priority of protection and enhancement of its habitat.
• Recognise the potential of feral fauna, namely foxes and rabbits, to have a major impact
on the conservation and recreation values of the site.
Fire
• In accordance with general Shire practice within foreshore areas, prescribed burning is not recommended within the Broadwater precinct.
• Authorised vehicle access should be maintained throughout the site for emergency fire
control.
• Open fires are inappropriate for the site and are prohibited under Shire by-laws.
4.2.2 Erosion
• Engineering measures are beyond the scope of this management plan. However,
engineering structures (ie groynes) appear to be contributing to localised foredune
erosion particularly east of Holgate Road. Any attempt to address this localised erosion
may need to consider engineering solutions and the impacts of the groynes.
• The forthcoming release of the Geographe Bay Scoping Study (commissioned by the
Department of Planning and Infrastructure and the Shire of Busselton) should guide the
long term stabilisation and management of erosion issues.
• Acknowledge and manage human contributions to erosion. In particular, vehicle and
pedestrian access management is critical in removing a key cause of vegetation and
dune disturbance.
• Vegetation is essential for the long-term stability of the coast10.
West of Holgate Road
• Erosion and storm surge impacts in the western half of the site should be considered the
priority due to the proximity of the DUP and private property to the water’s edge.
East of Holgate Road
• Episodic (acute) erosion is part of the normal coastal behaviour, and this section of the
site is not expected to recede any further landwards of the 1941 vegetation line9.
• Management of the area east of the Holgate Road “should be tailored to tolerate minor
sea inundation and the natural fluctuation of the shoreline due to accretion/ erosion over
time” 9.
4.2.3 Recreation
• Recognise ‘recreation’ as a designated purpose and a priority value of the study area. As per the Geographe Bay Foreshore Management Plan
1, ‘recreational activities should be
given a high priority as a beach use along the Geographe Bay Foreshore’.
• Managing the recreational use of the study area is an important precursor for achieving
conservation and erosion outcomes.
• Service facilities should be designed to minimise impact on landform. Vegetation and
dune disturbance due to infrastructure and facilities should be minimised if not avoided.
• The study area is public open space. The value of this public asset to commercial
operators is recognised as is their involvement in maintaining it.
• Residential developments and expansion of existing tourism developments mean the
usage of the study area is increasing and management must address the associated
pressures.
• Vehicle access should be facilitated for authorised use, including management and
emergencies, but public vehicle access is not considered appropriate in the study area.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 26
• Signs and maps should be utilised at strategic points to direct movement through the
foreshore and to enhance the recreational experience. They should enhance the
landscape rather than detract from it.
• Recognise the connectivity of the DUP between numerous precincts along the
Geographe Bay foreshore, and factor this into planning decisions for signage, lighting,
maintenance etc.
4.2.4 Social/ Community
• Recognise the importance of local ownership of the area, and the associated sense of
place and pride, which contribute to a stronger sense of community and a sense of
responsibility for the area.
• Recognise the concern for and interest in the area expressed by local residents and tourist operators and provide ongoing opportunities for involvement in foreshore
management.
• Recognise the longterm significance of the Geographe Bay Foreshore to the Nyungar
people.
• Recognise the profile of tourism in the Broadwater precinct, with the concentration of
resorts and caravan parks sharing the foreshore as a focal point.
• Recognise the opportunity and value for people to recreate in and experience the natural coastal environment.
• Recognise the constraints on financial and other resources available to the Shire of Busselton to manage the foreshore and encourage collaborative actions and community
involvement.
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
27
4.3
RECOMMENDED ACTIO
NS
#
MANAGEMENT ACTIO
NS
Priority
G1
Confirm
the recreational purpose of Reserve 22624, recently vested to the Shire of Busselton as an A Class Reserve.
H
G2
At the next review of the lease conditions governing R
eserve 41550 ensure that these conditions are consistent with this
managem
ent plan, with the designation of the area (public open space) and current managem
ent of the area.
M
G3
Investigate the use of the undeveloped portions of Brockman Cove Road Reserve for relocation of Norm
an Road carpark and/
or incorporation into Recreation Reserve to consolidate the Reserve area.
M
G4
Investigate the apparent encroachments into the reserve adjacent to Lots 62 to 66 Sandpiper Cove, in the form
of landscaping,
turf establishment, form
al fencing, planting of weed species, dam
age to Peppermints and creation of temporary structures.
M
GENERAL
G5
Investigate the apparent encroachments into the reserve adjacent to Sandy Bay H
oliday Resort, Geographe Bayview Resort,
Geographe Bay H
oliday Park, A
mblin, Abbey B
each R
esort and A
cacia Caravan Park, in the form
of dumping of green
waste, landscaping, turf establishment, reticulation, storage of materials, camping facilities and infrastructure.
M
C1
Eradicate declared (P1, P4) Arum Lily patches in front of Lots 72 and 64 on Sandpiper C
ove and in front of Geographe
Bayview Resort.
H
C2
Treat isolated Bridal Creeper patches within the Peppermint woodland:
• adjoining Geographe Bay Holiday Park;
• in front of Geographe Bayview Resort; and
• in front of the developed portion of Brockman Cove.
H
C3
Eradicate isolated Blackberry Nightshade patches in front of Lot 66 Sandpiper Cove and 10m west of the Acacia boatramp.
L
C4
Eradicate single Brazilian Pepper tree at the eastern end of Catalpa Close.
L
C5
Eradicate isolated infestation of Coastal Morning Glory/ M
ile-a-Minute in front of Lot 62 Sandpiper Cove.
M
C6
Eradicate isolated patch of Western A
ustralian Lupin in the disturbed area east of the Holgate Road carpark followed by
revegetation using species from the Peppermint Low W
oodland list in Appendix 2.
M
C7
Revegetate the disturbed area around the Alan Street toilet block using species from the Peppermint Low W
oodland list in
Appendix 2.
L
C8
Revegetate the disturbed understorey north of the undeveloped portion of Brockman Cove.
M
CONSERVATION
C9
Avoid sm
othering dune vegetation when clearing sand build up from the DUP, and utilise this sand to contribute to
backfilling of revetment wall.
M
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
28
#
MANAGEMENT ACTIO
NS
Priority
C10
Consider revegetation and brushing of inform
al tracks within the Peppermint Low Woodland between Alan Street and
Holgate Road.
M
C11
Undertake revegetation and weed control north of the DUP between Holgate Road and Harvest Road as indicated on Fig. 4.
M
C12
Following implementation of relevant stabilisation m
easures (E3, E4) consider progressively w
eeding the Coastal Shrubland
and Sedgeland/ Grassland.
L – M
C13
Establish interpretative signage through the Peppermint Woodland section of the DUP increasing awareness of the Western
Ringtail Possum and the
importance of Peppermint Woodlands. Refer to Appendix 4 and Dunsborough-Busselton
Environment Centre’s WRP education resources.
M
CONSERVATION continued
C14
Monitor and review the need for feral anim
al controls. Encourage locals to report sightings or changes in population numbers. M
E1
Investigate and consider repairing the degraded parts of the existing rock revetment wall identified on Figure 5 in order to
prevent storm
surge dam
age of the DUP and foreshore vegetation.
H
E2
Provide a permanent/ form
al outlet for storm
water runoff from the DUP at current points of erosion.
L
E3
Refer to the forthcoming Geographe Bay Scoping Study and incorporate any relevant erosion m
anagem
ent recommendations
or findings, including in relation to erosion in the lee of Holgate Road and Norm
an Road groynes.
H
E4
Ensure that vegetation and DUP m
anagem
ent east of Holgate Road is compatible with the expected natural minor annual sea
inundation and fluctuations of the shoreline.
H
E5
Implement the recommendations regarding access provision, fencing and revegetation to m
inim
ise human contributions to
erosion.
H
EROSION
E6
Install temporary fencing and warning signs when hazardous erosion occurs along the DUP.
H
R1
Conduct regular monitoring and m
aintenance of the DUP and all beach accessw
ays, in particular during winter when dam
age
due to storm
water flows (E2), storm
surges and erosion occurs.
M – H
R2
Improve surface of DUP at Norm
an Road. (N
ote, consider R12 proposed works in sam
e area)
M
R3
Repair and replace existing low pine fencing throughout the site, minim
ising gaps where possible.
M
R4
Provide additional, form
al beach access at A6, A7 &
A10 on Figure 6.
M,H,M
R5
Form
alise agreem
ent and conditions with A
mblin m
anagem
ent re pedestrian and boat access at A
4 (Refer to agreem
ent with
Acacia for A2).
H
RECREATION
R6
Create a rise at the end of the track at A14 (eg using crushed lim
estone) in order to correct the existing gap in the foredune
and so restrict seaw
ater inflows.
L
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
29
#
MANAGEMENT ACTIO
NS
Priority
R7
Form
alise (surface) the track between the DUP and the toilet block at Alan Street (south of the drain).
M
R8
Revegetate and utilise brushing in the dunes south of the DUP in front of Geographe Bayview R
esort (west of A6) and in
front of Amblin (west of A5) to discourage access and tracks along the property boundaries. M
onitor effect and fence off if
necessary.
L
R9
Monitor im
pact and usage of inform
al tracks between H
olgate Road and A
lan Street for im
pacts on dune system
(vegetation
and erosion). Consider brushing, revegetation and fencing if necessary.
M
R10
Install fencing to restrict vehicle access and revegetate the dune area south of the DUP at A4.
H
R11
Harvest Road Carpark.
If circumstances at the Harvest Road carpark change (e.g. shoreline erosion threatens to w
ash it aw
ay, usage of the area
increases to the extent inform
al parking begins to occur on the dune vegetation, or there are a number of incidents reported
involving vehicles and D
UP users) within 5 years the location of the current carpark be reviewed. There are considered to be
two locations for potential relocation and expansion: 1. south of the DUP and w
est of the existing carpark; and 2. vacant
reserve on the eastern end of Harvest Road.
The vacant reserve on the eastern side at the end of Harvest Road is also considered to be suitable for the provision of public
toilets and picnic facilities however at the time of preparing this report it was considered that current use of this site did not
warrant the construction of these facilities. Review existing Lease arrangem
ents w
ith K
iosk at Reserve 41550 w
ith regard to
public access to toilets.
L - M
R12
Restrict vehicle access to the Norm
an R
oad groyne beyond the inform
al track that runs off to the east of Norm
an R
oad.
Develop a carpark and turning area in the disturbed area to the west and south of this point. Refer to Appendix 4.
H
R13
Undertake initial cleanup of identified litter hotspots so as to m
aintain the am
enity.
M
R14
Continue provision of rubbish bins. M
onitor litter and bin adequacy as usage of the area increases.
M
R15
Ensure bin locations are visible from and close to dog waste bag dispensers.
L
R16
Ensure a continuous supply of dog waste bags at existing dispensers.
M
RECREATION continued
R17
Rationalise and remove existing signs (especially those in disrepair) and install them
ed signage and maps that convey
directional, regulatory and interpretive inform
ation at strategic locations throughout the study area. Such signage would be
most effective if continuous along the full length of the Geographe Bay foreshore. Include the new
signs on the Shire’s assets
maintenance register. Refer to Appendix 4.
H
Broadwater Foreshore Managem
ent Plan 2005
30
#
MANAGEMENT ACTIO
NS
Priority
R18
Improve warning signs where vehicles interact w
ith D
UP traffic, nam
ely at Harvest Road and N
orm
an Road, as an interim
measure until carpark relocation decisions are made and implemented.
H
R19
Install a sign for Holgate Road Reserve, sim
ilar to the low-impact one facing the carpark, to face the DUP and beach access
to clarify that the area is for public use.
M
R20
Install a ‘N
o through road’ sign at the interface of Bussell Highway and Norm
an Road.
L
R21
Consider installation of ‘Beach access’ signs at the Bussell Highway indicating location of key accessw
ays.
L
RECREATION continued
R22
Review commercial advertising along the DUP to ensure current signs are in line with Shire bylaws.
M
S1
Advertise and support the establishment of a Friends of Broadwater Foreshore/ Reserve group to participate in ongoing
managem
ent.
H
S3
Educate foreshore users by utilising interpretive signage and other appropriate measures (eg “Friends of Reserves” activities)
to raise awareness of the values of the foreshore area, protection etc.
M
SOCIAL
S4
Invite community participation in the development of them
ed signage (R17) and include conservation, cultural and historical
(including Indigenous), erosion and protection/ care inform
ation.
H
Priorities: L = low, M= medium, H = high
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 31
REFERENCES
1. CoastWise (2001). Geographe Bay Foreshore Management Plan: Technical Report.
Prepared for the Shire of Busselton and the Geographe Catchment Council.
2. Extract from Busselton Foreshore – Erosion Management of Residential Development
report provided by Shire of Busselton.
3. Samson, GC. (1982). Proposals for Coastal Management at East Busselton.
4. Extract from Report MRI 2899 by Department of Conservation and Land
Management, provided by Shire of Busselton.
5. Specht (1981) in Heisler, J (2000) Botany Basics for Beginners in Native Plant
Identification. University of the Sunshine Coast, Caloundra.
6. Keighery, BJ. (1994). Bushland Plant Surve: A guide to plant community survey for
the community. Wildflower Society of Western Australia (Inc.), Nedlands.
7. Personal communication with T. Morley, Officer responsible for pest management,
Shire of Busselton, June 2005.
8. Personal communication with P. Wild, Fire Control Officer, Shire of Busselton, June
2005.
9. Personal communication with L. Dubczuk, Coastal Engineer, Department of Planning
and Infrastructure, June 2005.
10. Coastal Planning and Management Manual (2003) Published by the Western
Australian Planning Commission, Perth.
11. Brown, K. and Brooks, K. (2002). Bushland Weeds: A practical guide to their
management. Environmental Weeds Action Network (Inc.), Greenwood.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 32
APPENDIX 1: VEGETATION CONDITION SCALE
Vegetation Condition Scales are from Keighery6.
Pristine Pristine or nearly so, no obvious signs of disturbance
Excellent Vegetation structure intact, disturbance affecting individual species
and weeds are non aggressive
Very Good Vegetation structure altered, obvious signs of disturbance. For
example, disturbance to vegetation structure caused by repeated
fires, the presence of some more aggressive weeds, dieback,
logging and grazing.
Good Vegetation structure significantly altered by very obvious signs of
multiple disturbance. Retains basic vegetation structure or ability
to regenerate. For example, disturbance to vegetation structure
caused by very frequent fires, the presence of some very
aggressive weeds at high density, partial clearing, dieback and
grazing.
Degraded Basic vegetation structure severely impacted by disturbance. Scope
for regeneration but not to a state approaching good condition
without intensive management. For example, disturbance to
vegetation structure caused by very frequent fires, the presence of
very aggressive weeds, partial clearing, dieback and grazing.
Completely
Degraded
The structure of the vegetation is no longer intact and the areas is
completely or almost completely without native species. These
areas are often described as ‘parkland cleared’ with the flora
composing weed or crop species with isolated native trees or
shrubs.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 33
APPENDIX 2: SPECIES LIST FOR EACH VEGETATION COMMUNITY
Species Common Name
Peppermint
Low
Woodland
Coastal
Shrubland
Sedgeland/
Grassland
Open
Herbland
NATIVES: Trees/ Overstorey Species
Agonis flexuosa Peppermint D* I I R
Melaleuca lanceolata Rottnest Teatree I I I
NATIVES: Shrubs/ Mid-stratum species
Acacia cochlearis Rigid Wattle D* D* I I*
Acacia cyclops Coastal Wattle - - I I*
Acacia littorea Shark’s tooth Wattle C* C* R -
Spyridium globulosum Basket Bush D* C* - -
Leucopogon parviflorus Coastal Beardheath C* C* - -
Hibbertia cuneiformis Cut-leaf Hibbertia I*
Exocarpus sparteus Broom Ballart I*
Olearia axillaris Native Rosemary C* I* - R
NATIVES: Understorey/ Groundcovers/ Vines
Acanthocarpus preissii Prickle Lilly C* C* R -
Carpobrotus virescens Coastal Pigface I I*
Cassythia racemosa Dodder Laurel I D - -
Conostylis aculeata. Prickly Conostylis I I
Dianella brevicaulis Blueberry Lily R*
Hardenbergia
comptoniana
Native Wisteria C* - - -
Isolepis nodosa Knotted Club Rush - I D* -
Lepidosperma gladiatum Coastal Sword-sedge C* C* I* C*
Rhagodia baccata subsp.
Baccata
Berry Saltbush C* C* I I
Santalum acuminatum Quandong I*
Scaevola crassifolia Thick-leaved Fan-
flower
- - - C (Patchy)
Spinifex hirsutus Hairy Spinifex - - - C*
Sporobolus virginicus Marine Couch - C* D* C*
D - Dominant C - Common I - Isolated patches R - Rare
* Recommended revegetation species within this unit.
Notes: 1. A number of landscaped areas and landscape plantings occur within the study area and these
species have not been included within this list.
2. This list is not intended to be comprehensive but rather indicative of each vegetation
community and useful for planning and implementing revegetation and weed control efforts.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 34
APPENDIX 2 continued:
SPECIES LIST FOR EACH VEGETATION COMMUNITY
Species Common Name
Peppermint
Low
Woodland
Coastal
Shrubland
Sedgeland/
Grassland
Open
Herbland
WEED SPECIES
Ammophila arenaria Marram Grass C
Asparagus asparagoides Bridal Creeper I
Cakile maritima Sea Rocket I I D
Cynodon dactylon Couch C I
Euphorbia paralias Sea Spurge I C C
Galium murale Bedstraw I
Lagurus ovatus Hare’s Tail Grass C I I
Leptospermum laevigatum Victorian Teatree R
Lupinus consentinii WA Lupin I
Oxalis depressa. I I I
Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob C I I
Pelargonium capitatum Rose Pelargonium C C I D
Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu C
Polygala myrtifolia Butterfly Bush I
Rumex sp. Dock I
Schinus terebinthifolia Brazilian Pepper I
Senecio elegans Purple Groundsel I
Stenatophrum secundatum Buffalo Grass I
Tetragonia decumbens Sea Spinach I C
Trachyandra divaricata Dune Onion Weed C D I D
Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium I
Zantedeschia aethiopica Arum Lily I
D - Dominant C - Common I - Isolated patches R - Rare
Notes: 1. A number of landscaped areas and the single stormwater detention basin occur within the study
area and these species have not been included within this list.
2. This list is not intended to be comprehensive but rather indicative of each vegetation
community and useful for planning and implementing revegetation and weed control efforts.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 35
APPENDIX 3: METHODS OF WEED CONTROL
Species Nature of
Infestation
Some suggested methods of management and control*
Arum Lily
Zantedeschia
aethiopica
Isolated
plants or
populations
Manual removal (removing the tuber completely from the soil);
Chemical removal: Metsulfuron methyl or chlorsulforon
0.4g/15l of water +pulse. Higher concentrations in hand held
applicators can avoid off target damage to native vegetation.
Bridal Creeper
Asparagus
asparagoides
Patchy Biological control with the introduction of Rust and Leaf
Hopper.
Western Australian
Lupin
Lupinus cosentinii
Single patch Hand remove scattered plants.
Rose Pelargonium
Pelargonium
capitatum
Widespread Hand pull isolated plants removing the entire stem, spot
spraying with metsulfuron methyl 5g/ha + pulse.
Dune Onion Weed
Trachyandra
divaricata
Widespread Wipe with 50% gylphosate solution before flowering.
Pyp Grass
Ehrarta villosa
Dense Pockets Spray with Verdict 520 10ml/10L (500ml/ha) or Glyphosate 1%
with penetrant.
Couch
Cynodon dactylon
Isolated
patches
Solarisation; shade out with revegetation, glyphosate 1%
(follow up required)
Kikuyu
Pennisetum
calndestinium
Isolated
patches
Solarisation; Glyphosphate 1% with follow up within same
growing season.
Hare’s Tail Grass
Lagurus ovatus
Widespread
in parts
Prevent seed set-spray with 10ml/10l Fusilade (500ml/ha).
*Notes: 1. These management methods are adapted from those suggested within Bushland
Weeds: A practical guide to their management11.
2. Before commencing, check that the suggested methods are still currently
recommended and that the chemical is registered for the intended purpose.
3. Only appropriately trained, qualified and equipped people should undertake
chemical control and it is recommended that chemical use within the study area only
occur under the supervision of or by appropriately trained Shire of Busselton staff.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 36
APPENDIX 4: ADDITIONAL NOTES RE MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
R12: Restrict vehicle access to the Norman Road groyne - important considerations:
- DUP traffic is still affected; include warning signs and traffic slowing devices. - The existing bitumen road out to the groyne could be retained for use as pedestrian beach
access. Bollards would be required to restrict vehicle access, although authorised access
for emergency and maintenance purposes should be facilitated by a lockable barrier.
- A lockable barrier should restrict access to the eastern vehicle (management) track as well
as groyne access.
- Expanding the carparking at Norman Road may reduce the pressure at Holgate Road, by
providing an alternative access to the beach and still an easy walk to the kiosk and other
facilities. Use could be encouraged by including playground and/or public amenities in the
carpark redevelopment.
- Disturbance of intact native vegetation should be minimised.
- The amenity of residents of Brockman Cove (west) should be considered.
R17: Themed signage and mapping considerations:
1. Directional Information, including:
- walking tracks and beach accessways
- vehicular boat ramps
- toilets, playgrounds, picnic areas, kiosk
- key street names and the main carparks
- distance markers in relation to Busselton jetty and Dunsborough
- accommodation houses
2. Regulatory Information, including:
- fires, camping, littering prohibited
- no vehicles or motorbikes
- boating, waterskiing, jetskiing restrictions
- dog access
3. Interpretive Information, including:
- cultural heritage – historical and ongoing significance, particularly to Indigenous groups
- conservation – vegetation types, weed identification, seagrass wracks on the beach,
bandicoots and western ringtail possums, birdlife etc. See below
Liaise with stakeholders including Department of Transport, Shire of Busselton, Indigenous
representatives, tourism operators etc. Local school, community and arts groups could be
involved to localise the format and content.
Additional considerations:
- identifiable yet non-intrusive, in order to blend in (colour and design) and enhance the
foreshore environment
- themed, creating a sense of connectivity along the pathways
- consistent with Shire of Busselton bylaws
- weatherproof and graffiti-proof
- installed away from erosion risk areas
Refer to the Department of CALM’s Signage Manual and the GBFP (2001) proposals for
themed signage across the nine foreshore precincts.
Content suggestions for incorporation into interpretive information:
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 37
Indigenous Heritage
Aboriginal Elders carry a wealth of information on cultural ways and natural systems
(wisdom, lores and ecological insights). The interpretive information signs could provide a
useful way to raise the awareness of cultural values, as well as appreciation for the
conservation values of the site. Close liaison with Elders showing respect and appropriate
cultural sensitivity should underly such a project.
An example told during consultation for the draft BFMP:
Aboriginals associated the flowering time of the Basket Bush (Spyridium
globulosum) with Western Ringtail Possums carrying young, and avoided hunting
the possums in order to sustain the possum population for future food source.
Western Ringtail Possum
This area of the Broadwater foreshore is home to the Western Ringtail Possum
(Pseudocheirus occidentalis). This species, once widely distributed throughout the south-
western forests of Western Australia is now almost exclusively restricted to coastal areas of
peppermint woodlands and peppermint/ tuart associations between Bunbury and Albany.
The Busselton area represents one of the strongholds for this threatened species and the
Peppermint (Agonis flexuosa) trees which form the canopy of the vegetation in this area are
critical to their survival with Peppermint leaves representing their primary food source and
their canopy refuge from their main predator the Fox.
Rather than feeding them human food which may damage their health and encourage
unfavourable behaviour, the best way to help the Western Ringtail Possum is to look after its
Peppermint Woodland habitat by staying to the marked paths, helping with local weed
eradication and revegetation efforts, planting locally native species especially Peppermints in
areas adjoining the reserve.
The Western Ringtail Possum is easily distinguished from the Common Brushtail Possum
(the only other large possum species found in the area) by its short rounded ears, and slender,
prehensile tail with a white tip.
Broadwater Foreshore Management Plan 2005 38
APPENDIX 5: IMPLEMENTATION AND FUNDING SUGGESTIONS
Management priorities, as shown on Figures 4, 5 and 7 include:
• restricting and redirecting vehicle and pedestrian access;
• maintaining DUP and beach accessways;
• rehabilitation, including brushing and revegetation, to support conservation values
and dune stabilisation for erosion buffer function;
• addressing erosion measures;
• addressing tenure issues, lease conditions and encroachments;
• developing signage for educational and informative purposes; and
• involving the community.
Management recommendations may be undertaken by:
• the Shire of Busselton
• a Friends of Broadwater Reserve group, if formed, with collaboration between
community and commercial stakeholders and the Shire.
Local ownership can be enhanced and promoted by encouraging participation of school
groups, non-environmental community groups and the general public by promotion and
advertising of activities.
Funding may be obtained from:
• Shire of Busselton operational budgets;
• Lottery Commission, including the Gordon Reid Foundation Conservation Grants;
• Coastwest and Commonwealth funded programs such as Envirofund and
Coastcare;
• Tourism Development Grants from the WA Tourism Commission;
• Wetlands and Threatened Species Network funding programs;
• Arts funding programs; and
• Sponsorships, donations and in-kind support from local businesses.
Other funding sources may be identified in the ‘OurCommunity’ grants resource kit, held
by the Shire.
Additional labour resources may be sourced in partnerships with:
• GreenCorps;
• Conservation Volunteers Australia; and
• Shell Coastal Volunteers.
Evaluation methods will need to be considered prior to work commencing. Photo
monitoring may provide a simple means for before and after comparisons, as well as
repeat site assessments which can be compared against ‘current state’ descriptions in the
BFMP.