Brochure Degree Courses

8/10/2019 Brochure Degree Courses

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Degree Courses

at German Universities

An Overview by Subject Area

9thEdition

DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!


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PublisherDAAD

Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst

German Academic Exchange Service

Kennedyallee 50, D-53175 Bonn (Germany)

www.daad.de

Section: Promotion of Studies and Research in Germany, Internet

Project CoordinationAlexander Haridi, Anne Mnkel

Publishing HouseBW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH, Nrnberg

EditorSimone Krach-Kestin

TranslationGuy Moore, Bad Honnef

Layout LPG Loewenstern Padberg GbR, Bonn

Typesetting W. Bertelsmann Verlag, Bielefeld

Printed byMoeker Merkur Druck GmbH, Kln

Print-runMay 2008 10,000

Excerpt from www-en.studienwahl.de with the kind permission of the editors, Die Lnder der

Bundesrepublik Deutschland and Bundesagentur fr Arbeit (BA); responsible for the contents:

BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH

for the contents: Die Lnder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bundesagentur fr Arbeit and

BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH

Degree Courses at German Universities 9thEdition: DAAD

Any reproduction, even of extracts, only with appropriate source details.

This publication was funded by the German Federal Foreign Office.



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Degree Courses at German Universities 3

Content

6 Introduction

9 Abbreviations

15 1 Agriculture and Forest Science16 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture

18 Forestry, Forest Management

20 Horticultural Sciences

21 Landscape Architecture, Landscape Management

23 Wood and Timber Management, Wood and Timber Engineering, Wood and Timber

Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting and Refinishing

25 2 Engineering

26 Aerospace Engineering27 Architecture, Urban Planning

30 Automotive Engineering, Traffic and Transport Engineering

31 Civil Engineering

34 Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

37 Environmental Protection, Ecology, Waste Disposal Technology

39 Food Technology

41 Public Health Engineering, Medical Technology and Engineering

43 Industrial Engineering

45 Materials Sciences, Materials Engineering, Building Materials, Paper Engineering49 Mechanical Engineering

52 Mechatronics

54 Mining, Geoengineering, Mine Surveying

57 Navigation: Nautical Science, Ship Operations Engineering, Maritime Transport

58 Optical Technologies

61 Precision and Micro Engineering

62 Printing Technology and Media Technology

65 Production Engineering

66 Public Utilities Engineering, Facility Engineering

68 Regional and Area Planning



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4 Degree Courses at German Universities

69 Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine Engineering/Technology

70 Surveying/Geodesy, Cartography

73 Textile Engineering, Clothing Technology

75 3 Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design

76 Art History

77 Cultural Studies

79 Design

81 Drama and Theatre Studies

82 German Studies

84 History

86 Interior Design

87 Jewish Studies, Judaic Studies88 Library Administration, Archive Administration, Documentation

91 Linguistic and Speech Sciences, including Phonetics, Linguistics and Rhetoric

93 Media

95 Media Studies, Journalism

96 Music, Performing Arts

99 Musicology

101 Philology, Classical

102 Philology, Modern

106 Philosophy108 Religious Studies

109 Translating and Interpreting

110 Visual Arts

113 4 Law and Economics/Business Administration

114 Business Information Systems

116 Commercial Law

117 Economic Sciences

123 Law124 Transportation and Logistics

127 5 Mathematics, Natural Sciences

128 Biochemistry

129 Biology

131 Biotechnology, Bioengineering

133 Chemistry, Food Chemistry

136 Computer Science

140 Domestic and Nutritional Science/Dietetics

141 Geography



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143 Geosciences/Earth Sciences

145 Mathematics

148 Physics, Physical Engineering, Astronomy

151 Process Engineering/Chemical Engineering

153 Statistics

155 6 Medical and Public Health Services

156 Dentistry

157 Medicine

159 Nursing and Public Health Studies, Education and Management in the Public Health

System

160 Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Engineering

162 Therapy professions165 Veterinary medicine

167 7 Social Sciences

168 Educational Science

169 Political Science

170 Psychology

172 Religious Education

174 Social Sciences, Sociology

175 Social Work, Social Education, Social Affairs177 Sport

179 Theology (Catholic)

180 Theology (Protestant)

183 Higher Education Institutions in Germany

203 Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses

230 Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD

232 Where to find more information

Content 5



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Introduction

Welcome to the world of German highereducation! This guide provides an over-view of the wide range of study opportuni-ties, curricula and degree programmesthat Germanys many higher education

institutions offer.

We have various types of higher educationinstitutions. There are traditional uni-versities, including technical universitiesand universities of technology and otheracademic institutions of equivalent status,such as medical schools and universities,universities of education, church col-

leges (Protestant), colleges of philosophyand theology (Catholic) and colleges anduniversities of art, film and music. And,finally, there are universities of appliedsciences (Fachhochschulen).

Traditional universities and institutionsof equivalent status teach and research.They are entitled to confer academic

degrees (Bachelors, Masters, State Exam-ination, doctoral degrees and in somecases Diplom and Magister degrees).Universities also set and hold examina-tions. Those wishing to work in researchor academia can obtain the qualifica-tions they need from these institutions.The subjects offered by these are oftengrouped together in faculties, depart-ments, schools or other units. Typicalexamples include engineering, natural

sciences, medicine, law, economics andbusiness administration, social sciences,arts and humanities, and agriculturalsciences.

Universities of applied sciences (inGerman Fachhochschulen or some-times just Hochschulen, abbreviatedas FH and HS, respectively) differ fromthe traditional universities above in oneimportant respect. They do not awarddoctorates. Rather, these institutions pro-vide their students with the qualificationsneeded to work independently in their

chosen professions, where they apply thescientific knowledge and artistic skillsthat they have acquired in their academicstudies. Some of the degree programmesoffered by universities of applied sci-ences correspond with those offered byuniversities. The goals and contents ofthese programmes have a clear practi-cal and applied focus as expressed in the

name universities of applied sciences.Students of such programmes completeextended periods of practical training(internships, work placements, practicalsemesters) as an inherent part of theircurriculum. Students at universities ofapplied sciences graduate with a Bach-elors or a Masters degree. In some cases,the Diplom degree is awarded with an FHlabel to denote that it was conferred by aFachhochschule.



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Colleges of art, film and music offerdegree courses in artistic and musicalsubjects. They generally offer special artor music degrees. They are also entitled toconfer doctorates.

All of Germanys higher education institu-

tions are currently reforming their degree

structure in accordance with the Bologna

Process. This involves a transition from

Diplom and Magister degrees to Bachelors

and Masters degrees. Bachelors pro-

grammes last six to eight semesters, gen-erally equal to 180 credit points; Masters

programmes last between two and four

semesters, covering a maximum of 120

credit points. Holders of a Masters degree

meet the formal requirement for admission

to a doctoral programme at a university.

The winter semester 2007/2008 already

saw around two thirds of all degree pro-grammes offered with these internationaldegrees. The deadline for the final com-pletion of these reforms has been set at2010. This means that some courses andprogrammes will no longer be continued,while, in other cases, new courses and pro-grammes will be opened sometimes atquite short notice.

Please also note that degree programmesqualifying graduates for an academic pro-fession will continue to end with a stateexamination degree (Staatsprfung/Staats-examen). The professions in question are:Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Science,Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Teaching, andLaw. The relevant chapters provide moreinformation on the structure and length ofthese degree programmes.

An English-German index of commondegree programme titles at the end ofthe brochure aims to help you gain a bet-ter understanding of the German higher

education system. You will also find a listof all the higher education institutions inGermany, along with important links onwhere you can find more information.

Admission: There are various ways toapply for a study place at a Germanhigher education institution. The ques-

tion of which route is the right one for youdepends on your chosen subject, on thehigher education institution in question,and on your country of origin. Internation-al applicants are required to present schoolor academic certificates that are also recog-nised as higher education entrance qualifi-cations in their country of origin or homecountry. International students often have

to apply direct to the International Office(Akademisches Auslandsamt) or to theRegistrars Office (Studierendensekreta-riat) at the university at which they wouldlike to study.

More than 100 German higher educationinstitutions only process applications fromabroad after these have been checked for

formal compliance by uni-assist (ServiceCentre for International Student Applica-tions).

On the other hand, higher educationinstitutions are increasingly deciding forthemselves who can study at their institu-tion on the basis of certain quality criteria.Furthermore, special qualifications suchas certificates confirming the completionof an internship or special aptitude or

Introduction 7



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skills may be required before the studiesbegin. More information on questions ofadmission can be found at www.daad.de/zulassung, at www.uni-assist.de and atwww.anabin.de. anabin is a database (Ger-man language only) run by the CentralOffice for Foreign Education that providesinformation on the recognition of for-eign educational or academic certificates.Applicants from abroad are also generallyrequired to prove that they have adequateGerman language skills before they can

start studying in Germany. This proof canbest be provided by submitting certain lan-guage certificates.

Once you have decided on which subjectyou wish to study, the guide will providea detailed description of the programmesand degrees in alphabetical order.

The guide only contains information ofrelevance to degree programmes and

courses offered in Germany. For addi-tional information please check the otherDAAD publications.

The International Office (AkademischesAuslandsamt) and the Registrars Office(Studierendensekretariat) are the mostimportant contact points for foreign stu-dents at German higher education institu-tions (For a list of addresses: see page 183).

Please note:

Various German abbreviations have notbeen translated, especially in the list ofcourse or programme providers. Where noexact English equivalent exists for a Ger-man institution, just the German title willbe given. The same applies to the degreesDiplom and Magister.

We now wish you all the best in your

search for a degree programme that meetsyour requirements and interests!



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Abbreviations 9

Abbreviations

AKAD FH AKAD Fachhochschule (AKAD University of Applied Sciences)AkdBK Akademie der Bildenden Knste (Academy of Visual Arts)AMD Akademie Mode & Design (Academy of Fashion and Design)ASFH Alice-Salomon Fachhochschule fr Sozialarbeit und Sozialpdagogik

Berlin (University of Applied Sciences Social Work and Social

Education)BC Baltic College Gstrow (University of Applied Sciences)BiTS Business and Information Technology SchoolBLS Bucerius Law SchoolBTK Berliner Technische Kunsthochschule (Berlin Technical College of

Art)DHV Deutsche Hochschule fr Verwaltungswissenschaften (German

University of Administrative Sciences)DIU Dresden International University

DSHS Deutsche Sporthochschule (German Sports University)EBS European Business SchoolEFB Evangelische Fachhochschule Berlin (Protestant University of

Applied Sciences Berlin)EFF Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius (European University of Applied

Sciences Fresenius)EHS Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of

Applied Sciences Social Work)ESCP-EAP Europische Wirtschaftshochschule (European School of Manage-

ment)Esmt European School of Management and TechnologyEUFH Europische Fachhochschule (European University of Applied

Sciences)EvFH Evangelische Fachhochschule (Protestant University of Applied

Sciences)EvFHS Evangelische Hochschule fr Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of

Applied Sciences Social Work)FABW Filmakademie Baden-Wrttemberg (College of Film Baden-

Wrttemberg)FernFH Fern-Fachhochschule (Distance Studies University of Applied

Sciences)



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FernU Fernuniversitt (Distance Studies University)FH Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences)FHAM Fachhochschule fr angewandtes Management (University of

Applied Sciences applied Management)FHdD Fachhochschule der Diakonie (Diaconia-University of Applied

Sciences)FHDW Fachhochschule fr die Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences

Business and Management)FHKunst Fachhochschule fr Kunsttherapie, Kunstpdagogik und Kunst

(University of Applied Sciences Art, Art Therapy and Art Educa-tion)

FHM Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (University of Applied Sciences of

the Small Business)FHTelekom Deutsche Telekom Fachhochschule (German Telekom University ofApplied Sciences)

FHTG Fachhochschule fr Technik und Gestaltung (University of AppliedSciences Technology and Design)

FHTW Fachhochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft (University of AppliedSciences Technology and Business)

FHVR Fachhochschule fr Verwaltung und Rechtspflege (University ofApplied Sciences for Administration and Legal Affairs)

FHW Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences Business and Management)

FHWT Fachhochschule fr Wirtschaft und Technik (University of AppliedSciences Business and Technology)

FilmHS Hochschule fr digitale Medienproduktion (The German FilmSchool)

FOM Fachhochschule fr Oekonomie & Management (University ofApplied Sciences Economics & Management)

FU Freie Universitt (Free University)

GSA Gustav-Siewerth-Akademie (Gustav-Siewerth-Academy)H Hochschule (Higher Education Institution)HandelsH Handelshochschule Leipzig (Leipzig Graduate School of

Management)HAW Hochschule fr Angewandte Wissenschaften (University of Applied

Sciences)HAWK Hochschule fr angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (University of

Applied Sciences and Arts)HBK Hochschule fr Bildende Knste (College of Fine Arts)HCU HafenCity Universitt (Harbour City University Hamburg)HdM Hochschule der Medien (Media University)HfBK Hochschule fr Bildende Knste (College of Fine Art)




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HFF Hochschule fr Film und Fernsehen (College of Film andTelevision)

HfG Hochschule fr Gestaltung (University of Design)HfGest Hochschule fr Gestaltung (College of Design)HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule (Hamburg Distance Learning Institute)HfK Hochschule fr Knste (University of Arts)HfKi Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music)HfKiM Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music)HfKM Hochschule fr Kirchenmusik und Musikpdagogik (College of

Church Music and Music Education)HfKuD Hochschule fr Kunst und Design (College of Art and Design)HfM Hochschule fr Musik (College of Music)

HfMDK Hochschule fr Musik und Darstellende Kunst (College of Musicand Performing Arts)HfMT Hochschule fr Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre)HfP Hochschule fr Politik (University for Political Studies)HfS Hochschule fr Schauspiel (College of Drama)HFS Hochschule fr Sozialwesen (University of Applied Sciences Social

Studies)HFT Hochschule fr Technik (University of Applied Sciences

Technology)

HfTL Hochschule fr Telekommunikation Leipzig (University ofTelecommunications Leipzig)

HfWU Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Umwelt (Nrtingen GeislingenUniversity of Business and Environment)

H:G Hochschule fr Gesundheit & Sport (University of Health and Sport)HGB Hochschule fr Grafik und Buchkunst (College of Graphic and Book

Art)HHN Hochschule Heilbronn (Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences)HJS Hochschule fr Jdische Studien (University for Jewish Studies)

HMT Hochschule fr Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre)HPhil Hochschule fr Philosophie (University of Philosophy)HS Hochschule (Higher Education Institution)HSBA Hamburg School of Business AdministrationHSF Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe (Sparkassen-Finanz-

gruppe-University of Applied Sciences)HS Gestaltung Hochschule fr Gestaltung (University of Design)HSoG Hertie School of GovernanceHTW Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Technology

and Business)HTWK Hochschule fr Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur (University of

Applied Sciences Technology, Business and Culture)

Abbreviations 11



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HU Humboldt-Universitt (Humboldt-University)IB-HS IB-Hochschule fr Soziales und Kommunikation (University of

Social and Communication Studies)IBS International Business SchoolIH Internationale Hochschule (International University of Applied

Sciences and Arts)IHI Internationales Hochschulinstitut (International Higher Education

Institute)ISM International School of ManagementISS International Business School of Service ManagementIU International UniversityKathFH Katholische Fachhochschule (Catholic University of Applied Sciences)

KathFHS Katholische Fachhochschule Hochschule fr Sozialwesen,Religionspdagogik und Pflege (Catholic University of AppliedSciences Social Studies, Religious Education and Nursing)

KH Muthesius Kunsthochschule (Muthesius Academy of Fine Arts)KHSB Katholische Hochschule fr Sozialwesen Berlin (Catholic University

for Applied Sciences Berlin)KiH/KiHo Kirchliche Hochschule (Protestant Studies College)KuAk Kunstakademie (Academy of Arts)KuHMedien Kunsthochschule fr Medien (Academy of Media Arts)

LuthThH Lutherisch Theologische Hochschule (Lutherian Theological College)MBS Munich Business SchoolMDH Mediadesign Hochschule (University of Applied Sciences Media-

design)Merkur int. FH Merkur Internationale Fachhochschule (Merkur International

University of Applied Sciences)MerzAk Merz Akademie Hochschule fr Gestaltung (Merz Academy

University of Applied Sciences for Design)MFM macromedia fachhochschule der medien (Macromedia University of

Applied Sciences of Media)MHH Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Hannover Medical School)NTA Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Akademie (University of Sciences

and Technology)PH Pdagogische Hochschule (College of Education)PhThH Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule (Catholic Studies College)Pop-Akad.BW Pop-Akademie Baden-Wrttemberg (Pop Music Academy of Baden-

Wrttemberg)Priv.FH private Hochschule (Private University of Applied Sciences)PTHV Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Vallendar (Catholic Studies

College Vallendar)



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Abbreviations 13

RheinFH Rheinische Fachhochschule Kln (Technical University of AppliedSciences at Cologne)

SDI Hochschule fr Angewandte Sprachen (University of AppliedLanguages)

SHB Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin (Steinbeis University Berlin)SRH SRH Hochschule (SRH University of Applied Sciences)TFH Technische Fachhochschule (Technical University of Applied

Sciences)TH Technische Hochschule (Technical University)Theol. S Theologisches Seminar (Katholic Studies College)ThFak Theologische Fakultt (Theological Faculty)ThH Theologische Hochschule (Theological College)

TiHo Tierrztliche Hochschule (School of Veterinary Science)TU Technische Universitt (Technical University)TUBergAk Technische Universitt Bergakademie (Technical University Mining

Academy)U Universitt (University)UBw Universitt der Bundeswehr (University of the Federal Armed Forces)UdK Universitt der Knste (University of the Arts)UMC University of ManagementWHL Wissenschaftliche Hochschule Lahr (Graduate School of Business

and Economics)WHU Wissenschaftliche Hochschule fr Unternehmensfhrung (Graduate

School of Corporate Management)ZU Zeppelin University



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1 Agriculture and Forest Science




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Study Field Outline

Farming and agriculture address theeconomic and commercial use and culti-vation of farmland for crop and livestockproduction. This includes wine-growing(viniculture) and the processing of agricul-tural produce, such as dairy farming. Agri-culture is closely related to forest science/

forest management. Studies in agricultureand the more technology orientated fieldof farming at universities of applied sci-ences generally lead to careers in teaching,consultancy and administration, and morerarely to practical hands-on work as afarmer. Agriculture is based on science,engineering, economics and businessmanagement, and social sciences, includ-

ing the use of electronic control equip-

ment to produce optimum yields. Follow-ing the needs of present-day farming andagriculture, the field of phytomedicine,the theory of plant diseases and disorders,and their prevention, has taken on a muchmore important role. Organic farming,welfare-orientated animal husbandry,and the environmentally-compatible use

of artificial fertilisers (e.g. anti-water pol-lution measures) plus comprehensiveagricultural training that not only teachesthe principles of organic farming but alsodelivers a knowledge of marketing, corpo-rate management and product quality (e.g.the degree programme in organic farm-ing) are becoming ever more important.

1.1 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture

Studies at Universities

Practical experience/internships:

Students are not generally required tocomplete a period of pre-study practicaltraining (work placements, internships)

before they commence their studies,although such training is generallyrecommended (6 weeks). In some cases,students are required to complete a pre-study internship (13 weeks to 12 months).6 to 12 months of practical training mustgenerally have been completed beforethe final examination is taken. All federalstates require that candidates for higheragricultural civil service positions, includ-ing teaching, have completed at least 12months of professional practical training

before they can be accepted. Aspiring agri-cultural engineers are recommended toacquire practical knowledge and insights.

Studies: Students initially take modules toacquire the scientific and socio-scientific

principles. like botany, zoology, chemis-try, agricultural meteorology, mathemat-ics and statistics, resource conservation.Specialist modules, like farm/agriculturalmanagement, plant/crop nutrition andphytopathology, plant/crop production,grassland farming, animal breeding andanimal husbandry, feed science, soilscience/pedology, agricultural engineeringand machinery, agricultural policy, mar-ket theory. Extension and consolidationoptions in crop science, livestock science,



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Agriculture and Forest Science 17

agricultural engineering and machinery,agronomy and agribusiness, farming eco-nomics and social sciences, environmentalscience of agricultural landscapes. Cross-disciplinary modules also offered, e.g. agri-cultural information systems, professionalcommunication, scientific consulting.

Some universities divide the Bachelorsprogramme into a basic and a main studystage / consolidation studies.

Programmes in this field

Berlin HU Berlin TU Bonn U

Cottbus TU Gieen U

(Gieen, Geisenheim) Gttingen U Halle-Wittenberg U Hohenheim U

(Stuttgart) Kassel U (Witzenhausen)

Kiel U Mnchen TU (Freising) Rostock U

Studies at Universities of Applied

Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Pre-study internships of between 6 weeks and12 months are required as prescribed byfederal state regulations. Essentially, noproof of pre-study practical experience

needed if the applicant holds an appropri-ate vocational or school qualification.

Studies: Programme-dependent, vari-ously weighted modules on the scientific-technological principles of mathematics,statistics, physics, botany, animal biology,agricultural chemistry, soil science andregional studies, plant and animal nutri-

tion, agricultural machinery and engi-neering, agricultural production and theenvironment, plus economic, legal andsocio-scientific aspects. Complementarymodules on foreign languages, profes-sional information systems, agriculturalhistory, principles of management, etc.

Agriculture, agricultural management,

farming: Extension and consolidationcourses plus applied fields of specialisa-

tion to be chosen from plant and

animal production, organic farming,agronomy, agricultural machinery andengineering, agricultural building, etc.

Viniculture, beverage technology:

Majors to be chosen in viniculture andcellar management or beverage technol-

ogy. International wine management:

Delivery of general specialist knowledge in the field of viniculture/viti- culture, oenology and in economics and

business administration, plus in fieldsof international wine management.


Anhalt HS (Bernburg, Kthen) Bingen FH

Dresden HTW Eberswalde FH Kiel FH(Osterrnfeld) Kln FH

Neubrandenburg HS Nrtingen HfWU

Osnabrck FH Rottenburg HS

Sdwestfalen FH (Soest) Weihenstephan

FH (Freising, Triesdorf) Wiesbaden FH

(Geisenheim)



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1.2 Forestry, Forest Management

Study Field Outline

Forestry and forest management deal withthe sustainable, planned and professionaluse of forests to meet the requirementsof human society, focusing on economicand commercial use as well as on thesignificance of forests and woods forthe environment and especially for the

viability of the biosphere, the climate, thewater balance, clean air, soil fertility, thecountryside, farming, agriculture and theinfrastructure, as well as rest and recrea-tion for the population. The importanceof this economic sector is illustrated bythe fact that one third of Germanys sur-face area is covered by woods and forests.Wood (timber) is an important resource

and is, in economic terms, the mostimportant renewable raw material. Woodserves as an important commodity for thelocal timber and paper industry. Forest sci-ence and forest management also concernthemselves with questions of tropical rain

forests and global wood and forest ecosys-

tems, and with questions of internationalmarketing, for example. All in all, forestmanagement strives to optimise wood pro-duction based on ecological considerationswhile at the same time securing the pro-tective and recreational function of woodsand forests.

The diverse range of responsibilities per-formed by forest managers and engineerscall for an ability to solve biological andecological problems and for an under-standing of engineering and businessmanagement issues, plus knowledge oflaw, commercial skills and an extensiveknowledge of administration.

Universities of applied sciences pro-grammes in forest management concen-trate more on practical woodland man-agement and operational managementof forestry measures as district forestsupervisors.


Practical experience/internships: A study-integrated work experience internship ofseveral months is completed in forestryfield offices and forestry companies.

Studies: Scientific and methodologicalprinciples of forest science and resourcemanagement, including relevant modulesin mathematics, chemistry, biology, soilscience/pedology and site ecology and

topology, forest botany, dendrology, cli-matology and forest meteorology, forestsite mapping and cataloguing, zoology,wildlife research, economic principles,forest law.

Scientific specialisation and consolidationthrough optional and core study areas.Modules on forest and woodland ecology,forest ergonomics and forest operationsengineering, forest exploitation, forest andwoodland management, forest policy, tim-



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ber market studies, wood uses, forest andwoodland planning, landscape develop-ment, law, forest administration studies.Core areas like international forest eco-nomics, arboreal medicine, nature conser-vation and environmental law, plantation/orchard technology.

Universities have partly abolished the for-mal division of the basic and main studystage.


Dresden TU (Tharandt) Freiburg U

Gttingen U Mnchen TU (Freising)


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, a pre-study internship of severalweeks is generally required, e.g. in forestfield offices, forest companies. Integrated,professional practical semester completedduring the studies.

Studies: Initially, the programme deliversthe ecological, scientific, economic andtechnical principles with modules in bot-any, zoology, wildlife ecology, forest workscience, applied forestry engineering, soilscience, site ecology and topology, forestand woodland ecology, climatology, treespecies research, mathematics, surveying,

site mapping, statistics, applied comput-ing, business administration, health andsafety at work.

Specific consolidation in applied fields of

production, silviculture and forestry engi-neering, forest management, operationalmanagement, forest and woodland ecol-ogy. Majors enable students to specialisein fields like forest and local authoritymanagement, geographical informationsystems (GIS) and landscape manage-ment, tropical forest management, inter-national wood and timber trading, etc.

Complementary modules on topics likeproject management, foreign languages,quality management, forest and woodlandeducation.


Eberswalde FH Erfurt FH Hildesheim/

Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Gttingen)

Kln FH Rottenburg HS WeihenstephanFH (Freising)



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1.3 Horticultural Sciences

Study Field Outline

Horticulture builds on the scientific,economic, sociological and technical prin-ciples and knowledge needed to facilitatethe best possible environment-conservingcrop production and breeding for humannutrition and for the enhancement andvisual improvement of the living environ-

ment. Key areas include tree and shrubnurseries and gardening, fruit and vegeta-ble growing and ornamental horticulture,garden plant and seed growing, horticul-

tural management and market theory,

greenhouse technology, plant protection(pest control). Horticulture firstly deliv-ers a broad knowledge base in all fieldsof modern horticultural sciences, such asmodern production processes in intensivefarming, sustainable resource usage andbiological plant protection, and so leads toan ecological understanding of horticul-

ture; secondly, the teaching also deliversthe necessary economic and sociologicalknowledge and competence.


Practical experience/internships:Stu-

dents are either required to complete aneight-week basic and an eight-week workexperience internship or a six-monthvocational internship before they graduate.Students wishing to enter the higher agri-cultural civil services are urgently recom-mended to complete a one-year internship.

Studies: Initially, studies focus on learn-

ing the scientific principles and horticul-tural plant production. Modules includegeneral biology, botany, biomathematics,(bio)chemistry, physics, horticultural plant

production, horticultural engineering andtechnology, fruit, vegetable and ornamen-tal plant growing, tree nurseries, meteorol-

ogy, plant physiology, soil science/pedol-ogy, biostatistics, genetics, plant nutrition,phytomedicine. Extension and consoli-dation with focuses in biology, ecology,agronomy, engineering and economics.Complementary courses provide studentswith cross-disciplinary key qualifications.


Berlin HU Berlin TU Hannover U

Mnchen TU (Freising)



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Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are generally required tocomplete a pre-study internship of severalweeks, for example in a professional horti-cultural production and services company,in floristics, agriculture and forest man-agement. Students generally complete apractical or project semester during their

studies.

Studies: Modules in the scientific andhorticultural principles, like mathematical-physical principles, botany and genetics,chemistry, plant and crop production,plant nutrition and soil science, statisticsand research techniques, horticultural

market theory, ornamental plant growing,vegetable growing, tree nurseries, phyto-medicine, technical and business admin-istration principles, marketing and corpo-

rate management. Later, students extendand consolidate their knowledge withelective modules like ornamental plantgrowing, vegetable growing, fruit growing,tree nurseries, international horticulture,optimised production, horticultural mar-ket theory, business management andconsultancy or organic horticulture.


Berlin TFH Dresden HTW Erfurt FH

Osnabrck FH Weihenstephan FH

(Freising) Wiesbaden FH (Geisenheim)

Study Field Outline

Landscape architecture prepares students

for positions as landscape architects.It delivers the knowledge and skillsrequired for planning, designing anddrawing up projects, for building, pre-serving, developing and recultivatingparks and open and recreational areasand spaces. The combination of art anddesign, science and ecology, planningand structural design plays an importantrole in this respect.

Besides the classical fields of park andrecreational area planning (open spaces),landscape planning and landscape gar-

dening/engineering, garden heritageconservation and village developmentprovide interesting new work areas withresponsibilities in cultural-historical man-agement, species and biotope protectionplanning, environmental compatibilityassessments plus leisure and recreationplanning. Landscape architecture/land-scape management offers orientation andconsolidation projects to prepare students,in particular, for future largely planning

1.4 Landscape Architecture,

Landscape Management



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orientated careers. Students must haveartistic skills as an important prerequisitefor design-based, creative assignments.Programmes differ greatly from one insti-tution to the next.

The study of arboristics (trees and shrubs)focuses on the protection, care and devel-opment or urban greenery.


Practical experience/internships:6 months before graduation. Credits for

other practical training (apprenticeships).

Basic study stage: Introduction to scien-tific principles and subjects like surveying,visualisation and design, projective geom-etry, soil chemistry, plants and buildingmaterials, botany, geobotany, soil scienceand site ecology and topology, ecology,history of building/built environment

history, open space, recreational and parkplanning, landscape engineering. Projectplanning, planning theory and methodol-ogy, planning-related sociology and otheroptionals and excursions.

Main study stage: Extension and consoli-dation studies in fields of open space/parkplanning, garden heritage conservation,recreational area development, urban ecol-

ogy, urban, rural and regional planning,meteorology, water management, environ-mental and planning law, landscape andrecreational planning, nature conserva-tion, environmental management.


Berlin TU Dresden TU Freiburg U

Greifswald U Hannover U Kassel U Mnchen TU (Freising) Mnster U

Oldenburg U Rostock U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are generally required tocomplete a pre-study internship of severalweeks, for example in horticultural andlandscape planning companies. A practicalsemester is generally completed duringthe studies.

Landscape architecture/landscape

management

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercisesand practical courses on the scientific,landscape engineering, technical, design,botanical/phytological, planning and eco-nomic principles.

Main study stage: Consolidation and ex-tension studies plus a wide range of option-als. Specialisation possible in open space/park planning, landscape and environmen-tal planning or landscape engineering.



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Arboristics

Studies: Programmes focus on urbandendrology and site ecology and topology,protection, management, planning anddevelopment of urban greenery and teach-ing in the scientific, economic and legalprinciples.


Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Berlin TFH

Dresden HTW Eberswalde FH Erfurt FH

Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK(Gttingen) Lippe und Hxter FH (Hxter)

Neubrandenburg HS Nrtingen HfWU

Osnabrck FH Weihenstephan FH (Freising,

Weihenstephan) Wiesbaden FH

(Geisenheim, Wiesbaden)

Study Field Outline

Wood is extremely versatile and contin-ues, as ever, to be one of the most widelyused materials, often in combination withmetals, plastics, glass or other materials(furniture, construction). The processingof wood (sawn timber, veneer, boards),its manufacture into finished products(structural components, wooden units,furniture, wooden products) and use,

above all, in the chemical industry (cel-lulose, paper, fibreboard), have resulted

in the development of wood-specialisedtraining for industrial and materials engi-

neers.

Wood management covers the wood/timber industry, wood/timber trade andwood and timber research, while studiesin wood engineering offered by universi-ties of applied sciences concentrate onoperations management and productionengineering with specialisation in wood-

related fields.

1.5 Wood and Timber Management, Wood andTimber Engineering, Wood and Timber

Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting

and Refinishing


Practical experience/internships:Studentsspend 8 weeks each in basic and extendedstudies with the opportunity to have anyrelevant vocational training credited to theircourse. Course integrated excursions.

Studies:Introductory studies and mod-ules on woodland and forest manage-ment, principles of mathematics, biology,chemistry and physics, wood physics andbusiness management. Extension and con-solidation modules include wood biology,wood chemistry, chemical wood technol-



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ogy, wood physics, mechanical processengineering, forest production and ergo-nomics, wood and timber market studies.


Dresden TU Hamburg U Hannover U



Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualification,

students complete a pre-study internshipof several weeks. Practical and projectphases of varying length are completedduring the studies.

Basic study stage: Lectures and practicalcourses in engineering and fundamentalscientific subjects.

Wood technology:

Main study stage: Materials sciencesand engineering, wood manufacturingand plastics processing, machine tools,structural design theory, electrical andenergy/power engineering, organisationof plant operations, applied computing,work theory, business administration and

management.

Wood and timber interior fitting and

refinishing:

Main study stage:Structural timberengineering, theory of structures, build-

ing materials, building chemistry, woodpreservation, building in existing fabric refurbishing, converting, renovating,building law, building physics, facilityengineering, drywalling, interior fitting

and refinishing, production methods,business administration, building andconstruction management, corporateplanning.

Interior fitting:

Main study stage:Structural timber engi-neering, theory of structures, materials

science, building law, building physics,facility engineering, refinishing, drywall-ing, furniture making and interior fitting,production methods, business administra-tion, organisation, company planning.


Eberswalde FH Hildesheim/Holzminden/

Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) Lippe und

Hxter FH (Lemgo) Rosenheim FH



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2 Engineering



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Study Field Outline

Aeronautical engineering deals with thedevelopment, construction, fitting andoperation of aircraft, in particular aero-planes and helicopters, and their constitu-ent components: cell (fuselage, wings/air-foils/aerofoils, tail planes, aileron/rudder),power plant, equipment.

Space engineering studies the develop-

ment, construction, and operation of spacetransport systems (rockets) and aerodynes(e.g. satellites) adapted to the specialconditions prevailing in space (vacuum,weightlessness, extreme temperature dif-ferences, high-energy radiation, extremespace and weight exploitation/efficiency).

Both fields seek to design systems that areas light as possible and extremely reliable.

2.1 Aerospace Engineering


Practical experience/internships:In mostcases 6 months, of which 2 or 3 months to

be completed before studies commence.

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercisesand practical courses, covering largely thesame fields as mechanical engineering,plus some initial specialist courses.

Main study stage: Special aerospace engi-neering subjects, like fluid dynamics and

flight mechanics, vehicle and power plantengineering, instrument and control engi-neering, aircraft electronics etc. Core study

options (differing greatly from one institu-tion to the next) include technical designof the aircraft cell and structure, aerospacepower plants and propulsion systems,

flight direction engineering, flight opera-tions, air traffic, astronautics.


Aachen TH Berlin TU

Braunschweig TU Dresden TU Mnchen

TU (Garching, Mnchen) Mnchen UBw

(Neubiberg) Stuttgart U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-

tions, students are required to complete apre-study internship of several weeks, forexample in metal, mechanical or electricalengineering. Practical phases of varyinglength completed during the studies.



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Engineering 27

Studies:Base modules deliver the scientif-ic, technical and mathematical principles:mathematics, projective geometry, physics,engineering mechanics, thermodynam-ics, electrical engineering and electronics,metrology, etc., complemented by appliedmodules, like aerodynamics, conceptionand technical design (including ComputerAided Design CAD), production engi-neering, flight mechanics, lightweightengineering, power plant engineering,machine dynamics, control engineering,

fluid mechanics, materials engineering,finite element methods. Depending on therange of studies offered, specialisation infields like aircraft engineering, cabins and

cabin systems. Occupational field specifickey qualifications, such as technical Eng-lish, presentation techniques, operationaland work organisation, cost accounting,

management skills.

In some cases, study-integrated flighttraining may also be completed at a coop-erating fight school.


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Bremen HS Gttingen FH priv. (Stade) Hamburg HAW

Mnchen HS Osnabrck FH Wildau TFH

2.2 Architecture, Urban Planning

Study Field Outline

Students of architecture are concernedwith the planning, design and execution ofresidential homes, public buildings, indus-trial facilities (civil engineering) as wellas with complex urban development andredevelopment projects. These responsi-

bilities take into consideration technical,design and economic aspects, as well asbuilding regulation standards and theneeds of the people living, learning, work-ing and relaxing in these buildings andareas. Hence, artistic design, on the onehand, and technically mature engineer-ing plus economic and business realisa-tion, on the other, play an important role.Besides ecological aspects (energy, envi-ronment) that are increasingly coming tothe fore, growing importance also attaches

to the redevelopment and renovation ofold and existing buildings and to the ques-tion of preserving historical monuments(built heritage), such as listed buildings.Architects often collaborate with civilengineers, above all in the planning andsite management of complex projects.Architects must also coordinate with

the authorities and building companies.To determine the art and design basedaptitude of candidates, numerous institu-tions have established a special placementprocedure that assesses student aptitudebefore admission to a degree programme.

The 3-year Bachelors programme formsthe basis for a subsequent, 2-year consecu-tive Masters programme which, togetherwith generally 2 years of professionalpractical training, leads to enrolment in



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the Register of Architects and the right tobear the professional title of architect. Inaddition, studies in architecture are alsooffered in the form of an 8-semester Bach-elors programme. The degree awarded incombination with professional practicaltraining also meets the standards set outin the EU architects directive.

Urban planning and development, includ-ing regional planning, addresses thedirection and management of building

and regional development projects inresidential, community and municipalareas, including traffic and transport,utilities, services and waste disposal, landuse regulation plus nature and landscapeconservation. To meet these responsibili-ties, urban developers (urban planners)must be aware of and consider the interac-tions between political, social, economic

and engineering aspects. As experts, theyadvise their clients and present variouspotential solutions, e.g. in the form of land

usage and development plans, conversionand redevelopment concepts. Urban plan-ning is generally studied as a core areawithin architecture, regional planning,

civil engineering and surveying degreeprogrammes, or is offered in conjunctionwith other disciplines. Specifically, thefollowing options are available: independ-ent programmes in urban planning with afocus on urban development; independentprogrammes in regional planning with afocus on urban development; extension

and consolidation studies in urban devel-opment as part of a degree programme inarchitecture, civil engineering, surveying(geodesy) or landscape architecture, or anappropriate postgraduate course in thesesubjects. Those wishing to work in thefield of landscape architecture can gainthe appropriate qualifications by taking adegree programme in landscape conser-

vation, landscape planning or landscapearchitecture.

Studies at Universities and Art

Colleges

Practical experience/internships:3 to 6 months before or during the stud-ies, with around half the time spent inbuilding or related trades and the otherhalf in an architectural office (planningoffice).

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises andpractical courses in projective geometry,mapping and surveying, drawing anddesigning, principles of structural theoryand design planning, building theory,

building physics, building chemistry,building materials, cost-calculating forbuilding projects, building and construc-

tion information systems, history of artand construction, facility engineering,building regulations and law, urban plan-ning.

Main study stage: Extension and con-solidation studies in all subjects, aboveall structural theory and design planning,with the production of major design andstudy projects, plus acquisition of basiceconomics, social sciences and law skills.Increasingly important extension and con-



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Engineering 29

solidation subjects include regional plan-ning and landscape planning; importanturban development areas include historyof the built environment, basic ecologicalaspects, planning studies, local authorityplanning, regional/state planning, preser-vation of historical monuments (built her-itage), traffic and transport, and law.


Aachen TH Alanus HS (Alfter)

Bamberg U Berlin TU Berlin UdK

Braunschweig TU Bremen U Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU

Dresden TU Hamburg HCU Hamburg

HfBK Hannover U Kaiserslautern TU

Karlsruhe U Kassel U Mnchen TU

Siegen U Stuttgart AkdBK Stuttgart U

Weimar U Wuppertal U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships:Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,students complete a pre-study internshipof several weeks, for example in an archi-tectural/planning office and/or a construc-

tion company. Practical phases of varyinglength completed during the studies.

Studies: Modules in creative design andprojection (principles, projective geometry,architectural visualisation, drawing andCAD), design (building theory, buildingdesign, urban planning and development),

engineering (load-bearing structures,structural engineering, structural theory,building physics and materials science,facility engineering, climate appropriatebuilding, structural damage), history andtheory (theory of architecture, history ofart and buildings, preservation of histori-cal monuments build heritage), building

mapping and surveying, planning andbuilding operations (planning and build-ing regulations law, planning manage-ment, fire safety), cultural principles (aes-thetics, sociology, lifestyle and culture).Complementary cross-disciplinary coursesand foreign languages. Great importanceattaches to practical study projects.


Aachen FH Anhalt HS (Dessau) Augsburg FH Berlin TFH Biberach HS Bielefeld FH

(Minden) Bochum HS Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt HS Dortmund FH

Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH Erfurt FH Frankfurt am Main FH Gieen-Friedberg FH

(Gieen) Heidelberg HS Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden)

Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS Koblenz FH Kln FH

Konstanz HS Lausitz FH (Cottbus) Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH (Detmold)

Lbeck FH Mainz FH Mnchen HS Mnster FH Nrnberg HS Nrtingen HfWU

Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) Potsdam FH Regensburg FH Saarland HTW Stuttgart HFT Trier FH (Trier) Wiesbaden FH Wismar HS Wrzb.-

Schweinf.-FH (Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS (Reichenbach)



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2.3 Automotive Engineering,

Traffic and Transport Engineering

Study Field Outline

Automotive engineering is a branch ofmechanical engineering and covers thebuilding and operation of vehicles withthe exception of aerospace and marineengineering, so above all car manufactur-ing and rail vehicles. Key areas of general

mechanical engineering are complement-ed by electrical engineering, electronics,IT/information systems and other fields inaccordance with the special demands thatthe many types of passenger and commer-cial vehicles have to meet.

Positioned between automotive engineer-ing and traffic route engineering, the fieldof modern traffic and transport engineer-ing deals with cross-disciplinary ques-tions relating to the organisation of trafficflows and the design and dimensioningof traffic systems for passenger and goodstransport. It studies the complex interplay

between the various transport and traf-fic systems (motor vehicles, aircraft, railvehicles and ships) and develops potentialtraffic planning solutions. In view of theever-growing volume of traffic, the fieldof applied traffic engineering is a key toensuring our continuing mobility.

Studies at Universities and

Universities of Applied Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students generally complete arelevant pre-study internship of severalweeks. An internship is recommended

before starting university studies. Practicalphases of varying length are completedduring the studies.

Automotive engineering

Basic study stage:Lectures and practi-cal courses in mathematics, engineeringmechanics, physics, thermodynamics,electrical engineering/electronics, chemis-try/materials science, projective geometry,technical design, components, measure-

ment, testing and control technology,computing, fluidics, hydraulics and pneu-matics, cultural and social studies.

Main study stage: Combustion engines,motion analysis, machine dynamics,structural calculation, stability theory,electronics, auxiliary machines and heat

exchangers, plus further courses as per thechosen specialisations e.g. manufactureand operation, computer-aided-engineer-ing (including computer-aided technicaldesign, chassis engineering (simulation),light-weight engineering, numerical math-ematics), sensor technology, measurementengineering/metrology, vehicle informa-tion systems, vehicle energy managementsystems, road vehicles, special purposeand utility vehicles, rail vehicles, body-work/chassis engineering, motor vehicle



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Engineering 31

inspection engineering, vehicle damageand assessment, maintenance and servic-ing, customer services.

Traffic and Transport Engineering

and Technology

Basic study stage: Delivery of the math-ematical, technical-methodological andphysical principles. Introduction to trafficand transport, information technology forengineers, materials engineering, design

theory, mechanics. Optional modules likeelectrical engineering, metrology, theoryof traffic planning, economics and busi-ness administration.

Main study stage: Specialised trainingbased on the subjects from the basic studystage. Depending on the range of sub-jects and choice of core study areas, pro-

grammes prepare students for positionsin various career fields. Typical core areasinclude traffic and transport planning andoperations, traffic management planning,passenger and goods transport, logistics

and systems, traffic telematics, ship andmarine engineering, aerospace engineer-ing. Complementary exercises, excursionsand project work.


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aachen TH

Bayreuth U Berlin FHTW Berlin TU

Bingen FH Bochum HS Braunschweig /

Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfsburg)

Braunschweig TU Chemnitz TU

Coburg HS Cottbus TU Darmstadt HS

Darmstadt TU Dortmund FH

Dresden HTW Dresden TU

Esslingen HS Frankfurt am Main FH

Freiberg TUBergAk Hamburg HAW

Hamburg UBw Heilbronn HHN

Ilmenau TU Ingolstadt FH Karlsruhe HS

Kaiserslautern TU Konstanz HS

Landshut FH Kln FH Mnchen HS

Mnchen TU (Garching, Mnchen)

Osnabrck FH Ravensburg-Weingarten HS(Weingarten) Reutlingen HS

Stralsund FH Stuttgart U Sdwestfalen

FH (Iserlohn) Ulm HS Weingarten PH

Wildau TFH Wuppertal U Zwickau HS

Study Field Outline

Civil engineering encompasses theplanning, structural calculation andexecution of industrial structural and civilengineering projects: urban/municipalcivil engineering (foundations, sewagesystems, water utilities, sewage plants);urban development and traffic (roads, railtracks, pipelines, drains, harbours and

ports, airports); hydraulic engineering andwater management (river engineering/flood control engineering, dams, dykes,hydroelectric power stations, water utilitynetworks and sewage treatment); structur-al engineering projects (bridges, towers,industrial and administrative buildings).The structural engineering design aspectof building is particularly important,while studies also consider economic, eco-

2.4 Civil Engineering



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logical, sociological and cultural aspects.Civil engineers contribute to preservingstructural facilities and buildings. Thewidespread use of computing has resultedin a new branch, namely building and con-struction information systems.

University of applied sciences pro-grammes in building physics concentrateon the physical aspects of construction(noise, heat, damp and fire safety, lightand solar technology, power economics,

building (structural) damage analysis).

The responsibilities of civil engineeringand architecture overlap here. Hence, civilengineers and architects take on organisa-tional responsibilities that extend beyondthe scope of structural engineering designand artistic design. They supervise build-ing sites, e.g. (site management or site

engineers), monitor the progress and qual-ity of the building work and ensure that

building activities proceed efficiently. Thisis why a knowledge of building regulationsand law plus business administration andmanagement, as well as the ability to lead

and supervise people are important. Incertain circumstances, a knowledge of for-eign languages is advantageous, especiallyEnglish, since Germanys universities areincreasingly establishing internationaland European degree programmes in civilengineering which specifically prepare stu-dents for assignments abroad.

Practical experience through practicalsemesters or subject-relevant vacation jobsis particularly important in respect of astudents later career entry.

Facility management programmes trainspecialists for tasks at the interfacebetween building and real estate manage-

ment (see Utility Engineering, FacilityEngineering).


Practical experience/internships: Build-ing site internship of 2 to 4 months before

and during the studies.

Studies: Basic studies with modules inmathematics, projective geometry, physics,information systems/computer science,engineering mechanics. Subject-specificmodules, like surveying, building materi-als, building chemistry, building physics,structural design, structural calculationand strength of materials science, structur-al engineering, geology and soil mechan-ics, building site operations and building

management, traffic and transport, waterengineering and management, communityand urban water management, numericalmethods, CAD, construction machin-

ery and machine engineering, buildingand construction law. Depending on theinstitution in question, opportunities forspecialising in areas like building siteoperations and building site management,structural engineering (concrete, steel,wood), traffic, transport and infrastructure,geoengineering and water management/hydraulic engineering, environmentalengineering, foundation engineering. Typ-ical cross-disciplinary modules on work-ing methods, foreign languages, business



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Engineering 33

management, presentation techniques, ora cross-disciplinary project.

Studies may be divided into a basic and amain study stage.


Aachen TH Bamberg U Berlin TU Bochum U Braunschweig TU Cottbus TU

Darmstadt TU Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) Hamburg HCU

Hamburg-Harburg TU Hannover U Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Lneburg U

(Suderburg) Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw Mnster U Siegen U Stuttgart U

Weimar U Wuppertal U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships:Depend-ing on their school/vocational qualifica-tions, students generally complete apre-study internship of several weeks, forexample on building sites or in construc-

tion companies. Practical phases of varyinglength are completed during the studies.

Studies:Modules on mathematical, scien-tific and engineering principles, similar touniversity studies. Subject-specific mod-ules on engineering mechanics, structuralanalysis, building materials and buildingchemistry, building design, technical

visualisation, building physics, engineer-ing geology, surveying, photogrammetry,preservation of buildings, quality assur-ance, building and real estate manage-ment, project management. Specialisa-tion options in core areas like buildingmanagement, construction management,structural engineering, traffic, transportand infrastructure, water managementand environmental engineering, build-ing redevelopment and redevelopment,disposal site engineering often in con-

nection with professional work experienceprojects. Complementary modules in law,languages, social aspects, arts and culture.

Studies may be divided into a basic and amain study stage.


Aachen FH Augsburg FH Berlin FHTW

Berlin FHW Berlin TFH Biberach HS

Bielefeld FH (Minden) Bochum HS

Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt HS

Deggendorf FH Dresden HTW Erfurt FH

Frankfurt am Main FH Gieen-Friedberg FH

(Gieen) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen

HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden) Hoch-

schule21 (Buxtehude) Kaiserslautern FH

Karlsruhe HS Koblenz FH Kln FH

Konstanz HS Lausitz FH (Cottbus)

Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH

(Detmold) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal

FH (Magdeburg) Mainz FH Mnchen HS

Mnster FH Neubrandenburg HS

Nrnberg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /

Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) Potsdam FH

Regensburg FH Saarland HTW Stutt-

gart HFT Trier FH (Trier) Wiesbaden FH Wismar HS Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH

(Wrzburg) Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau)



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2.5 Electrical Engineering andInformation Technology

Study Field Outline

Electrical engineering makes the wholerange of electrical and electromagneticforms and laws available for technicalapplications. Today, the field is substan-tially shaped by the advances made ininformation and communications technol-

ogy (ICT) and by microelectronics. Follow-ing the various requirements of practiceand application, several study areas havedeveloped. The most important of theseare: electrical power engineering, infor-mation and communications technology(communications engineering), (micro)electronics, automation engineering, andgeneral electrical engineering, whereby

the latter contains study areas from theabove-mentioned areas in the sense of abroad-based training.

Electrical power engineering encompasses

the generation, transmission, distribution

and application of electrical energy. This

includes disciplines like electrical mechani-

cal engineering, electric heat, high-voltage

engineering, power supply and performanceelectronics. Renewable energies (sun, wind,

biomass) are meeting with growing interest.

Information and communications technol-ogy (communications engineering) dealswith the transmission, communicationand processing of messages (information)using wireless or landline technology. Keybranches include digital signal process-ing, electrical and optical communicationstechnology, high frequency engineering

and communications networks. Due to thegreat significance of digital communica-tions technology (digital engineering), theuse of computers and programmable proc-esses plays a predominant role in this field.

Automation engineering deals with thedevelopment and application of proce-

dures for controlling technical processes,including the development of the requisitehardware and software for these processes.Automation tasks plus instrumentationand control problems require, among otheraspects, the application of systems theoryand control technology methods, measure-ment technology/metrology, process com-puter and communications technology.

(Micro)electronics is of great significancefor all three fields. With its developmentof electronic circuits, semiconductor ele-ments and highly-complex integratedcircuits, it forms the basis for the commer-cial and technical expansion of the above-mentioned fields. This study area treatsboth the physical-technical principles of

electronic components as well as theirsystems-specific, i.e. applications focusedaspects. Computer-aided design methodsand simulation techniques play a majorrole, along with technological aspects.

Light is used to gain and transmit infor-mation, and to reproduce it on monitorsand displays. Occupational fields foroptoelectronic engineers include, interalia, laser engineering, image processing,optical communications engineering and



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Engineering 35

optical sensors used in industry, trafficand transport engineering and in medicalengineering and technology.

Key base subjects for studying electricalengineering include mathematics, physicsand applied computer science/informationsystems, whereby mathematics is moreimportant here than in other engineeringdisciplines. Mechanics, materials sci-ences, engineering thermodynamics areimportant complementary subjects. Yet,

business administration principles andmanagement methods are also studied. Inthe advanced stages, systems theory plays

an important role, since it deals with mod-elling (simulation), analysing and opti-mising the complex information, powerengineering and automation systems. A

wide range of specialisation options areavailable that are not given closer treat-ment here. The following are closelyrelated to electrical engineering: mechani-cal engineering, particularly precisionengineering, mechatronics and computerscience. Since the various branches are soclosely linked, students should avoid very

early specialisation. However, early experi-ence with applications, e.g. in internships,helps facilitate the later career entry.


Practical experience/internships:Gener-ally, a 26-week industrial internship to bedivided equally between the basic and themain study stage; an internship is recom-mended before studies begin.

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises andpractical courses in electrical engineering,applied computer science/information sys-tems, mathematics, physics as well as uni-versity-specific, complementary subjects,

such as mechanics, electrical engineeringmaterials, components, systems theory, andthe principles of business administration.

Main study stage: Besides consolidationand extension courses in information andcommunications technology (ICT), electri-cal power/energy engineering, automationengineering, microelectronics and gen-eral electrical engineering, focuses, e.g.on wireless engineering / mobile phonetechnology, optical communications tech-nology, telecommunications networks,micro and nanoengineering, multimediasystems, medical engineering and tech-nology, traffic management technology,electrically-driven vehicles, renewable

energies, etc.


Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin TU Bochum U Braunschweig TU Bremen Jacobs

University Bremen U Chemnitz TU Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Darmstadt TU

Detmold HfM Dortmund TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) Dsseldorf HfM

Erlangen-Nrnberg U (Erlangen) Hagen FernU Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU

Hannover U Ilmenau TU Kaiserslautern TU Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Magdeburg U Mnchen TU Mnchen UBw (Neubiberg) Mnster U Paderborn U

Rostock U Saarbrcken U Siegen U Stuttgart U Ulm U Wuppertal U



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Sciences

Practical experience/internships:Depend-ing on their school/vocational qualifica-tions, students complete a pre-studyinternship of several weeks in a craftstrade or an industrial electrical company.Practical phases of differing length arecompleted during the studies.

Studies: At the start of the studies, mod-

ules like mathematics, technical physics,principles of electrical engineering/elec-tronics, CAD methods, computer science/information systems, measurement engi-neering/metrology, materials and compo-nents provide students with a knowledge

of the engineering principles. This issubsequently extended and consolidatedby taking modules like telecommunica-tions, signal processing, power electronics,

microprocessor engineering, electricaldrives, control engineering, simulationengineering, analogue and digital switch-es. Depending on the institution in ques-tion, choice of core study areas, like electri-cal power engineering, communicationsengineering, electronics, high frequencyengineering, measurement and automatic

control technology (automation engineer-ing), technical information systems. Com-plementary modules in key qualifications,like technical English, work organisation/job planning, quality assurance, businessmanagement.


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jlich) Aalen HS Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) Amberg-WeidenFH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Kthen) Aschaffenburg FH Augsburg FH Berlin bbw

Berlin FHTW Berlin TFH Biberach HS Bielefeld FH Bingen FH Bochum HS

Bochum TFH Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin) Brandenburg FH Braunschweig /

Wolfenbttel FH (Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS Coburg HS Darmstadt FernHS (Darmstadt,

Pfungstadt) Darmstadt HS Deggendorf FH Dortmund FH Dresden HTW

Dsseldorf FH Essen FOM (Essen) Esslingen HS (Esslingen, Gppingen) Flensburg FH

Frankfurt am Main FH Fulda HS Furtwangen HS Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen)

Gieen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gieen, Wetzlar) Hamburg HAW Hannover FH

Heidelberg HS Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Knzelsau) Hildesheim/Holzminden/Gttingen

HAWK (Gttingen) Hof FH Ingolstadt FH Jena FH Kaiserslautern FH Karlsruhe HS

Kempten FH Kiel FH Koblenz FH Kln FH (Gummersbach, Kln) Kln RheinFH

Konstanz HS Landshut FH Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) Leipzig HfTL Leipzig HTWK Lippe

und Hxter FH (Lemgo) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Mannheim HS

Merseburg FH Mittweida HS Mnchen HS Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Niederrhein HS

(Krefeld) Nordhausen FH Nrnberg HS Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /

Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) Osnabrck FH Pforzheim HS Ravensburg-

Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Regensburg FH Rosenheim FH Saarland HTW

Schmalkalden FH Stralsund FH Sdwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn, Meschede, Soest) Trier

FH (Trier) Ulm HS Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Oldenburg) Westkste FHW (Heide) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim) Wismar HS Worms FH Wrzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt)

Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS



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Study Field Outline

An understanding and acceptance of thenecessity for ecological modernisationin business and industry and of the needto contribute to protecting the naturalresources strengthens the demand forenvironment-related degree programmes

and subject areas. The range of studieshas been noticeably extended by establish-ing and refocusing environment-relatedsubjects at numerous higher educationinstitutions. They are responsible for plan-ning and designing measures to conserveresources and prevent damage to theenvironment as far as possible. Environ-mental protection-related course contents

are found in many programmes today,for example, in mechanical engineering,chemistry and physics. Hence, it is notalways easy to distinguish between envi-ronment-related and conventional degreeprogrammes. The lack of uniformity inthe use of terminology makes it difficultto navigate around the range of studieson offer. Essentially, environment-related

study opportunities can be classified infour main orientations:

Scientific-analytical orientation

This focuses primarily on understandingthe processes taking place in the envi-ronment and nature, and the relevantmethods and insights. Such programmesbuild on the foundation of a scientificbasic study stage (mathematics, physics,chemistry, biology) and then offer vari-

ous specialisations. Examples include thespecial degree programmes in geoecologyand ecology (scientific nature conserva-tion) offered as an element of biology pro-grammes. In geoecology, scientific interestabove all focuses on the atmosphere andsoils as essential components of an ecosys-tem. Cross-disciplinary training (including

biogeography, soil physics, geomorphol-ogy, hydrology, geochemistry) improvethe understanding of the wide-rangingareas of interaction. This allows a morespecifically-targeted approach to be takento reducing environmental pollution, facil-itating the environmentally-compatiblemanagement of ecosystems. The same istrue of the applied systems sciences pro-

gramme in which socio-economic topicsare also considered and in which the focusis on creating and applying mathematicalmodels.

Pedological-crop farming orientation

Such programmes have evolved from thearea of agricultural and forestry studies.

Their profile is shaped by the applied natu-ral sciences and is partly determined byagricultural and forestry production proc-esses and their relevance to the environ-ment and nature. Examples include studyareas like agroecology, farming and envi-ronment offered under these or similarnames at farming and agriculture facultiesand departments.

2.6 Environmental Protection, Ecology,Waste Disposal Technology



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Planning and design orientation

This unites scientific, socio-economic anddesign subjects. Examples include degreeprogrammes in landscape conservation,land use and nature conservation, regionaldevelopment and nature conservation,landscape ecology, and landscape archi-tecture.

Engineering-technical orientation

This generally means an engineering pro-gramme (in most cases civil engineeringor mechanical engineering/process engi-neering) focused on air pollution controlmeasures, noise mitigation, waste disposaland water pollution control measures.But self-contained degree programmes inenvironmental protection/environmenttechnology are also offered, e.g. with

a focus on human habitats, renewableresources, soil protection, air pollution

control measures, waste disposal technol-ogy, waste handling technology, recyclingtechnology, water and sewage treatmenttechnology, waste disposal management.Public health technology is a related area.Industrial engineering additionally offersprogrammes with a focus on environmen-tal protection.

In addition, a wide range of postgradu-ate and complementary programmes areoffered with environmental contents.

Moreover, special courses on environ-mental topics can be found as part of awide range of other degree programmes,including economics, social sciences andlaw.

Since almost all higher education institu-tions offer programmes in environmentalprotection, only the self-contained, full

degree programmes are listed here.


Practical experience/internships: Require-ments differ from one university to the

next.

Studies:Individual course contents areweighted differently, depending on thespecific course orientation, from scientific-technical subjects via economics and law

through to social sciences.


Aachen TH Bayreuth U Berlin FU Berlin TU Bielefeld U Bochum U Braunschweig TU

Clausthal TU Cottbus TU Dresden TU Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg, Essen) Flensburg U

Freiberg TUBergAk Freiburg U Gieen U Greifswald U Halle-Wittenberg U

Hamburg UBw Hamburg-Harburg TU Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) Jena U Kaiserslautern TU

Karlsruhe U Kassel U Kiel U Koblenz-Landau U Kln U Magdeburg U Mnchen TU

(Freising, Mnchen) Mnster U Oldenburg U Osnabrck U Rostock U Stuttgart U Trier U Tbingen U Wuppertal U Zittau IHI



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Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on their previous school/vocationalqualifications, pre-study internships ofseveral weeks are required. Practical phas-es of varying length are completed duringthe studies.

Studies: The curriculum largely containssubjects from applied natural sciencesand technology, e.g. process engineering,environmental analysis, environmentally-compatible power generating technology,environmentally-compatible productiontechnologies, engineering thermodynam-ics, engineering fluid mechanics, environ-mental law.


Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) Anhalt HS (Bernburg) Ansbach FH Augsburg FH Berlin FHTW Berlin FHW Berlin TFH Bingen FH Braunschweig / Wolfenbttel FH

(Wolfenbttel) Bremen HS Bremerhaven H Dresden HTW Dsseldorf FH

Eberswalde FH Esslingen HS Flensburg FH Frankfurt am Main FH Gelsenkirchen FH

(Gelsenkirchen) Gieen-Friedberg FH (Gieen) Hamburg HAW Hannover FH

Heilbronn HHN Jena FH Kln FH Konstanz HS Leipzig HTWK Lippe und Hxter FH

(Hxter) Lbeck FH Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) Merseburg FH Mnchen HS

Mnster FH (Steinfurt) Neubrandenburg HS Nordhausen FH Nrtingen HfWU

Offenburg HS Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) Osnabrck FH

Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) Rottenburg HS Stuttgart HFT Trier FH

(Birkenfeld) Ulm HS Weihenstephan FH (Triesdorf) Wiesbaden FH (Rsselsheim) Wismar HS Zittau/Grlitz HS (Zittau) Zwickau HS

2.7 Food Technology

Study Field Outline

The availability of high-quality, safe foodsis an essential basic requirement for soci-ety. However, foods additionally have tomeet special nutritional needs (e.g. babyand infant food, dietetic foods) plus indi-vidual consumer expectations. The qualitystandards of the future will reach newdimensions, above all in terms of health,prevention and functionality. Thus, foodsmust be viewed holistically, from thebiogenesis of the ingredients through to

questions of nutritional physiology, in

order to design and develop the treatmentand processing technology in such a waythat its impact on each substance is asconservational as possible.

Hence, food technology or food process-ing engineering combines a basic knowl-edge of the natural sciences with foodspecific, nutrition-physiological, technical,ecological and business managementknowledge. Complementary courses coverengineering topics, like process engineer-



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ing, mechanical engineering, apparatusengineering, process automation andbiotechnology, and physical, chemical,microbiological and modern molecularbiological analysis methods used in qual-ity control. Alcoholic and non-alcoholicbeverages can be studied as a major infood technology programmes, but alsoas an independent degree programme inbrewing and beverage technology leadingto a Diplom degree in brewing (Diplom-Braumeister/in).

Some universities offer food technologyor food processing engineering, food engi-neering as part of their process engineer-ing, bioengineering or chemical engineer-

ing programmes. Studies then focus moreon the principles of the natural sciencesand engineering and less on deliveringa knowledge of specific food substances.

Moreover, and depending on the institu-tion, teaching or even whole programmesare also offered in pharmaceutical engi-neering and in the technology of cosmeticsand detergents.

Universities of applied sciences all offerindependent degree programmes. Special-

isation in the field of food management,milk and dairy management, livestock andmeat management or viniculture/viticul-ture/oenology is possible within farmingand agricultural sciences programmes.


Practical experience/internships:3 to 6months of relevant subject-related workexperience, partly completed before thecommencement of studies; internshipsabroad are funded.

Basic study stage: Principles of scienceand technology through lectures, exer-

cises and practical courses on mathemat-ics, physics, chemistry, biology, processengineering, food chemistry, microbiol-ogy, physiology of food, fluid mechanics,thermodynamics, electrical engineering,mechanical and apparatus engineering,plus business administration.

Main study stage:Extension of the engi-neering, food chemistry and biologicalsubjects complemented by seminars, elec-tive and optional subjects like food process

engineering, biotechnology, molecular

biology, process automation, sensor engi-neering, hygiene technology, cleansingand disinfection, environmental engineer-ing, marketing, dairy and milk technology,technology of animal-based foods, cerealtechnology, fruit and vegetable technology,sugar technology, oil and fat technology,fermentation technology, packaging engi-neering, etc.


Berlin TU Dresden TU Gieen U

(Geisenheim) Hohenheim U (Stuttgart)




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Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,a pre-study internship of several weeksis generally required in the fields of foodprocessing, food research and food mar-keting. Practical phases of varying lengthare completed during the studies.

Studies:Initially, modules deliver a knowl-

edge of the basic scientific and engineer-ing principles, including mathematics,computer science/information systems,physics, chemical principles, animal andplant raw resources (livestock/crops), ther-modynamics, ind

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