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Brownfield / Landfill Applications
Brownfield / Landfill Applications
Contaminated LandsContaminated Lands
Topics for DiscussionTopics for Discussion
• Brownfield Discussion– Definition
– Background
– Funding & Limited Liability
– Regulations
• Gas Detection– Overview
– Engineering Requirements
– Equipment
– Placement
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill ApplicationsWhat is a Brownfield according to EPA
• “…..real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contamination.”
• This includes sites contaminated by – Controlled substances
– Petroleum or petroleum
products
– Mine-scarred lands
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
Brownfields…abandoned, idled or under-utilized commercial or industrial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination – properties with the potential to become thriving industrial, commercial or residential developments.
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
Brownfield Properties
•Estimated 500,000 in the United States
•Most sites known by community and not listed
•Brownfields in every county, urban and rural area
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
In 1994 US EPA responded with an approach that paved the way for innovative and creative ways to assess, clean up, and redevelop brownfields sites. The 2002 Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act expands potential federal financial assistance for brownfields revitalization, including grants for assessment, cleanup and job training.
Background
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
• Post-closure Land Use/Residential & Commercial Development of former disposal sites
• Safety regulations (OSHA) drive industrial requirements for monitoring hazardous conditions (Petroleum and natural gas industry), which drove sensor technology development
• Combustible gas monitoring applied in industrial settings for safety purposes
• Combustible gas monitoring applied in residential and commercial settings due to 27 CCR Landfill Gas Monitoring and Control requirements and Brownfield and industrial development
Background
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
• Funding– $200 million per year (thru “06)
– Site assessment and cleanup grants
– $50 million may be used for sites with petroleum contamination
• Liability Clarification– Provides Superfund Liability to
owners, purchasers and innocent landowners
Reasons for Brownfield Growth – Title II Government Funding
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
Structure Gas Monitoring Requirements in 27 CCR
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
• Federal Regulations (40 CFR Part 258.23) Explosive Gas Control
• State Regulations (27 CCR Article 6)
• 27 CCR Gas Monitoring & Control Regulations– 20919.5 (a) 1 Explosive Gas Control.– 20921 Gas M&C During Closure/PC– 20931 Structure Monitoring– 20934 Reporting– 20937 Control– 21190 Post-closure Land Use
Structural Gas Monitoring Regulations in 27 CCR
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
• 27 CCR 20919.5 (a) 1 Explosive Gas Control “…owners…must ensure that: (1) The concentration of methane gas generated by a (MSWLF) facility does not exceed 25 percent of the LEL for methane in facility structures…”
• 20921 (a) (1) requires that “…The concentration of methane gas must not exceed 1.25% by volume in air within on-site structures…”
• 20931(a) “…monitoring network design shall include provisions for monitoring on site structures, including but not limited to buildings, subsurface vaults, utilities or other areas where potential gas buildup would be of concern…”
Structural Gas Monitoring Regulations in 27 CCR
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
• 20931(c) “…Structures located on top the waste disposal area shall be monitored on a continuous basis..”
• 20934 (a)(1) “…monitoring reports shall include: (1) the concentrations of the methane….within each on-site structure…”
• 20937 (a)(3) “…the documentation of date, time, barometric pressure, atmospheric pressure, general weather conditions and probe pressures…
• ” 20937 Control (d) “…When the results of monitoring in on site structures indicate levels in excess of those specified in Section 20923(a), the operator shall take appropriate action to mitigate the effects of landfill gas accumulation in on site structures, and public health and safety, shall include one or more of the following:…(4) Alarms, …
(5) Ignition source control…(7) Ventilation…”
Structural Gas Monitoring Regulations in 27 CCR
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
• 27 CCR 21190 a) Proposed PCLUs (Post Closure Land Use) shall be designed and maintained to: …(3) prevent landfill gas explosions…”
• 27 CCR 21190 e) “…Construction of structural improvements on top of landfilled areas…shall meet the following conditions:…(1) automatic methane gas sensors, designed to trigger an audible alarm when methane concentrations are detected, shall be installed in all buildings…”
• 27 CCR 21190 e) (8) periodic methane gas monitoring shall be conducted inside all buildings…”
Structural Gas Monitoring Regulations in 27 CCR
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
Structure Gas Monitoring
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill ApplicationsStructure Gas Monitoring
Brownfield/Landfill applicationsBrownfield/Landfill applications
Gas Measures at PCLU projects
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill ApplicationsTypical Gas Detection System on Brownfield
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
Brownfield / Landfill Gas Detection
Methane & other Toxic gases from unused industrial sites may, if undetected, pose a potentially serious threat to anyone living or working nearby. It is essential that such risk be minimized by the use of continuous and accurate gas monitoring within the building.
Sierra Monitor has a solution for Sierra Monitor has a solution for buildings constructed on Brownfield buildings constructed on Brownfield sites.sites.
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
• Combustible Gas (methane typically)• Ammonia • Carbon Monoxide• Chlorine• Hydrogen Sulfide• Nitrous Oxides
Typical Gases Found and Require Monitoring
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
Sentry System IT Series
4-20mA Alarm Only
Products Used in Detection of Gases
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
↑ Elevator Shaft Sensor ↓ House IR Sensor in Ceiling
Vent Riser, % by Volume IR
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
↑ Hard Ceiling Mounted Sensor ↓ Acoustic Ceiling Mounted Sensor
8 Channel Sentry Controller
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
Landfill gas monitors are typically placed in three types of locations at or near landfills; these are subsurface, surface, or enclosed space. The three types of monitoring locations address different landfill gas concerns and can be used either alone or together in a sampling program. Note that these systems generally do not measure landfill gas levels at points of human exposure.
• Subsurface Systems—Subsurface systems measure concentrations of contaminants in the soil gas at locations beneath the soil-air interface. The depth of sampling can range from a few inches to many feet below the surface.
• Surface Systems—Surface systems measure concentrations of gas within a couple of inches above the soil-air interface.
• Enclosed Space Systems—Enclosed space systems monitor gases in indoor air or confined areas overlying or adjacent to landfills, such as buildings, subsurface vaults, utilities, or any other spaces where the
potential for gas buildup is of concern.
Location of Landfill Gas Monitors
Brownfield/Landfill ApplicationsBrownfield/Landfill Applications
• Any accessible confined spaces near a landfill where a 5-15% LEL-UEL condition would most likely occur
• Structures on or within 1000 feet of the landfill (homes, buildings, warehouses, etc)
• Basements, sub-floors and raised foundations• Utility systems: manholes, vaults, boxes and subsurface trenches, storm
drains, water & electrical distribution in the vicinity or through the disposal area
• Utility closets, mechanical rooms, bathrooms (utility penetrations)• Water wells, excavations (pools)
Gas Sensor Placement Overview